{"id":40393,"date":"2024-03-25T15:20:08","date_gmt":"2024-03-25T13:20:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/non-classifiee\/tekave-organicke-latky-v-prumyslovych-procesech-ktera-strategie-zmirnovani-emisi\/"},"modified":"2025-04-15T11:33:26","modified_gmt":"2025-04-15T09:33:26","slug":"cov-processus-industriels-quelle-strategie-attenuation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/cs\/nase-rady\/cov-processus-industriels-quelle-strategie-attenuation\/","title":{"rendered":"t\u011bkav\u00e9 organick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky v pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch procesech. Jak\u00e1 je strategie zm\u00edr\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>T\u011bkav\u00e9 organick\u00e9 slou\u010deniny (VOC)<\/strong> a z\u00e1pach mohou vznikat p\u0159i r\u016fzn\u00fdch pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch procesech. Identifikace potenci\u00e1ln\u00edch zdroj\u016f emis\u00ed t\u011bkav\u00fdch organick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek z t\u011bchto proces\u016f je z\u00e1sadn\u00ed pro vypracov\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fdch strategi\u00ed zm\u00edr\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed emis\u00ed. <\/p>\n\n<p>Z l\u00e1tek pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch v pr\u016fmyslu emituj\u00ed t\u011bkav\u00e9 organick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky zejm\u00e9na rozpou\u0161t\u011bdla. Pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed se ve <strong>slo\u017een\u00ed v\u00fdrobk\u016f, kter\u00e9<\/strong> se spot\u0159ebov\u00e1vaj\u00ed jako suroviny nebo z\u00e1soby v pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9m procesu; nap\u0159\u00edklad: barvy, inkousty, laky, odstra\u0148ova\u010de n\u00e1t\u011br\u016f, \u010distic\u00ed prost\u0159edky, <strong>rostlinol\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky<\/strong>, kosmetika atd.   <\/p>\n\n<p>V\u0161echna pr\u016fmyslov\u00e1 odv\u011btv\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed p\u0159i r\u016fzn\u00fdch operac\u00edch sv\u00fdch proces\u016f rozpou\u0161t\u011bdla, kter\u00e1 <strong>emituj\u00ed t\u011bkav\u00e9 organick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky<\/strong>. Nap\u0159\u00edklad : <\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u010ci\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed a dezinfekce povrch\u016f nebo v\u00fdrobk\u016f: podlah, vybaven\u00ed, od\u011bv\u016f atd.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Odma\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed kovov\u00fdch a plastov\u00fdch d\u00edl\u016f &#8230;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Rozpou\u0161t\u00ed a odstra\u0148uje zbytky lepidla, barvy apod.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0158ed\u011bn\u00ed produktu: tiska\u0159sk\u00e9 barvy, barvy pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 mal\u00ed\u0159i, zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 produkty atd.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Extrahovat, odd\u011blovat, syntetizovat a \u010distit chemick\u00e9 slou\u010deniny.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Zveme v\u00e1s, abyste se sezn\u00e1mili s <strong>postupy pro minimalizaci t\u011bkav\u00fdch organick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek v <\/strong>pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch procesech.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Obecn\u00e9 postupy pro sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bkav\u00fdch organick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek v pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch procesech<\/h2>\n\n<p>Pro<strong> sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed p\u0159\u00edtomnosti t\u011bkav\u00fdch organick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek v pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9m procesu<\/strong> uv\u00e1d\u00edme n\u011bkolik b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch postup\u016f v pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9m odv\u011btv\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Nainstalujte<strong> syst\u00e9m ods\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bkav\u00fdch organick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek <\/strong>u zdroje a syst\u00e9m \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed. K minimalizaci rozptylu t\u011bkav\u00fdch organick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek v okoln\u00edm ovzdu\u0161\u00ed lze nap\u0159\u00edklad pou\u017e\u00edt ods\u00e1vac\u00ed digesto\u0159e a filtr upravuj\u00edc\u00ed vzduch <a href=\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/cs\/produits\/traitement-cov\/filtre-atex-mobile-mobfan-4500\/\">adsorpc\u00ed na aktivn\u00edm uhl\u00ed<\/a>. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nahrazen\u00ed v\u00fdrobk\u016f obsahuj\u00edc\u00edch t\u011bkav\u00e9 organick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky alternativn\u00edmi l\u00e1tkami s ni\u017e\u0161\u00edm obsahem t\u011bkav\u00fdch organick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek, pokud to pr\u016fmyslov\u00fd proces umo\u017e\u0148uje. Za t\u00edmto \u00fa\u010delem je t\u0159eba nejprve identifikovat a posoudit konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed zdroje t\u011bkav\u00fdch organick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek v pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9m are\u00e1lu. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Optimalizujte<strong> pr\u016fmyslov\u00fd proces<\/strong> s c\u00edlem minimalizovat emise VOC (\u00faprava v\u00fdrobn\u00edch parametr\u016f, optimalizace provozn\u00edch podm\u00ednek atd.).  <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pravideln\u011b kontrolujte pr\u016fmyslov\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed na \u00fanik t\u011bkav\u00fdch organick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek.  <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Zajistit, aby <strong>postupy nakl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed s odpady<\/strong> sni\u017eovaly emise t\u011bkav\u00fdch organick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek. To m\u016f\u017ee zahrnovat pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed uzav\u0159en\u00fdch n\u00e1dob, recyklaci rozpou\u0161t\u011bdel a vhodnou likvidaci odpadu. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Z\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed <a href=\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/conseils\/quelles-sources-cov-contribuent-degrader-qualite-air-site-industriel\/\">syst\u00e9mu monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed kvality ovzdu\u0161\u00ed <\/a>pro zji\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed koncentrac\u00ed VOC (nap\u0159. elektronick\u00fd nos).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Zajist\u011bte, aby<strong>pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed<\/strong> spl\u0148ovalo normy a limity stanoven\u00e9 p\u0159edpisy pro emise VOC.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed pov\u011bdom\u00ed zam\u011bstnanc\u016f o rizic\u00edch spojen\u00fdch s t\u011bkav\u00fdmi organick\u00fdmi l\u00e1tkami.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>P\u0159ijet\u00edm t\u011bchto osv\u011bd\u010den\u00fdch postup\u016f mohou spole\u010dnosti p\u0159isp\u011bt ke sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed emis\u00ed t\u011bkav\u00fdch organick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek,<strong> kontrole pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch pach\u016f<\/strong> a zlep\u0161en\u00ed kvality ovzdu\u0161\u00ed uvnit\u0159 budov, co\u017e je prosp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 jak pro zdrav\u00ed pracovn\u00edk\u016f, tak pro \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>P\u0159ijet\u00edm t\u011bchto postup\u016f budou v\u00fdrobci vypou\u0161t\u011bt m\u00e9n\u011b t\u011bkav\u00fdch organick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek a <a href=\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/cs\/nase-rady\/quels-procedes-ameliorent-qualite-air-eliminant-cov\/\">zlep\u0161\u00ed kvalitu okoln\u00edho ovzdu\u0161\u00ed<\/a>, co\u017e prosp\u011bje jak zdrav\u00ed a <strong>bezpe\u010dnosti pracovn\u00edk\u016f,<\/strong> tak \u017eivotn\u00edmu prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"213\" src=\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/design-sans-titre-11-1-1024x213.jpg\" alt=\"design bez n&#xE1;zvu 11 1\" class=\"wp-image-30157\" style=\"width:1073px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/design-sans-titre-11-1-1024x213.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/design-sans-titre-11-1-300x63.jpg 300w, https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/design-sans-titre-11-1-768x160.jpg 768w, https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/design-sans-titre-11-1-1536x320.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/design-sans-titre-11-1.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">t\u011bkav\u00e9 organick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky emitovan\u00e9 p\u0159i n\u011bkter\u00fdch pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch procesech<\/h2>\n\n<p>Zde jsou uvedeny <strong>n\u011bkter\u00e9 pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 procesy,<\/strong> kter\u00e9 mohou produkovat t\u011bkav\u00e9 organick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky a z\u00e1pach, a souvisej\u00edc\u00ed strategie pro jejich zm\u00edrn\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Jak\u00e9 t\u011bkav\u00e9 organick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky se uvol\u0148uj\u00ed p\u0159i pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch tiska\u0159sk\u00fdch procesech a jak\u00e9 lze pou\u017e\u00edt strategie pro jejich zm\u00edrn\u011bn\u00ed?  <\/h3>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">T\u011bkav\u00e9 organick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky emitovan\u00e9 p\u0159i hlubotisku  <\/h4>\n\n<p>P\u0159i tomto velmi velkoobjemov\u00e9m tisku <strong>katalogov\u00fdch periodik<\/strong> nebo hromadn\u011b vyr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00fdch kartonov\u00fdch obal\u016f (nap\u0159. obal\u016f na cigarety, cukrovinky, tekutiny atd.) se jako rozpou\u0161t\u011bdlo pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 toluen. Jedn\u00e1 se o aromatickou t\u011bkavou organickou l\u00e1tku, kter\u00e1 je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed slo\u017een\u00ed barev nebo se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 k \u0159ed\u011bn\u00ed barev. V\u00edce ne\u017e 95 % toluenu pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9ho p\u0159i v\u00fdrob\u011b tiskovin se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v okoln\u00edm ovzdu\u0161\u00ed; m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e 5 % pou\u017eit\u00e9ho toluenu se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v<strong> pap\u00edrov\u00fdch vl\u00e1knech<\/strong> (ANESM 2012). P\u0159i hlubotisku obal\u016f se obvykle pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed <a href=\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/cs\/nase-rady\/cov-aspiration-vapeurs-solvants\/\">rozpou\u0161t\u011bdla, kter\u00e1 emituj\u00ed kysl\u00edkat\u00e9 t\u011bkav\u00e9 organick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky<\/a> (estery, alkoholy, ketony).     <\/p>\n\n<p>Krom\u011b toho jsou t\u011bkav\u00e9 organick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky emitov\u00e1ny na konci<strong> tiska\u0159sk\u00e9ho a su\u0161ic\u00edho procesu<\/strong>: odpadn\u00ed vody obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed t\u011bkav\u00e9 organick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky, rozpou\u0161t\u011bdla z\u00edskan\u00e1 zp\u011bt pro op\u011btovn\u00e9 pou\u017eit\u00ed nebo prodej, t\u011bkav\u00e9 organick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky emitovan\u00e9 procesem nebo syst\u00e9mem zp\u011btn\u00e9ho z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed rozpou\u0161t\u011bdel.  <\/p>\n\n<p><em>Strategie sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed emis\u00ed t\u011bkav\u00fdch organick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek pro hlubotisk<\/em><\/p>\n\n<p>Pou\u017eit\u00ed reten\u010dn\u00edho inkoustu, kter\u00fd sni\u017euje rychlost tvorby filmu ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s inkoustem na b\u00e1zi fluenu. Emise t\u011bkav\u00fdch organick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek se pak koncentruj\u00ed v su\u0161ic\u00ed jednotce, kde se zachycuj\u00ed a zpracov\u00e1vaj\u00ed.   <\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/design-sans-titre-13-1024x1024.jpg\" alt=\"design bez n&#xE1;zvu 13\" class=\"wp-image-30163\" style=\"width:401px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/design-sans-titre-13-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/design-sans-titre-13-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/design-sans-titre-13-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/design-sans-titre-13-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/design-sans-titre-13.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">T\u011bkav\u00e9 organick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky emitovan\u00e9 p\u0159i ofsetov\u00e9m tisku  <\/h4>\n\n<p>Tento proces tisku se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 pro velk\u00e9 n\u00e1klady knih, \u010dasopis\u016f a katalog\u016f. Na za\u010d\u00e1tku tiskov\u00e9ho procesu jsou t\u011bkav\u00e9 organick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky emitov\u00e1ny barvami, z\u00e1kladn\u00edm roztokem (obsahuj\u00edc\u00edm isopropanol) a p\u0159\u00edsadami. B\u011bhem<strong>tisku se izopropanol uvol\u0148uje dif\u00fazn\u011b<\/strong>. P\u0159i su\u0161en\u00ed tisku se uvol\u0148uje nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pod\u00edl t\u011bkav\u00fdch organick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek. Krom\u011b toho m\u016f\u017ee inkoust v tisku m\u00edrn\u011b rozptylovat VOC. Na konci tiskov\u00e9ho procesu, p\u0159i \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed tiskov\u00fdch desek a v\u00e1lc\u016f, emituj\u00ed pou\u017eit\u00e1 rozpou\u0161t\u011bdla velmi mal\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed VOC (alifatick\u00e9, cyklick\u00e9 a\/nebo naftenick\u00e9 uhlovod\u00edky (lakov\u00fd benz\u00edn, nafta atd.).     <\/p>\n\n<p><em>Strategie sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed emis\u00ed t\u011bkav\u00fdch organick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek u ofsetov\u00fdch tisk\u00e1ren<\/em><\/p>\n\n<p>Prvn\u00edm preventivn\u00edm opat\u0159en\u00edm je<strong> zachycov\u00e1n\u00ed u zdroje v peci<\/strong> a \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed plynn\u00fdch v\u00fdpust\u00ed obsahuj\u00edc\u00edch t\u011bkav\u00e9 organick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky.  <\/p>\n\n<p>P\u0159id\u00e1n\u00edm glykol\u00e9ter\u016f (1 % a\u017e 5 %) do roztoku fountu lze sn\u00ed\u017eit pod\u00edl isopropanolu na polovinu (z 10 % na 5 %), \u010d\u00edm\u017e se emise t\u011bkav\u00fdch organick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek ze za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed sn\u00ed\u017e\u00ed a\u017e o 40 %. Glykol\u00e9tery jsou v\u0161ak t\u011bkav\u00e9 organick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky, z nich\u017e n\u011bkter\u00e9 jsou toxick\u00e9. <\/p>\n\n<p><strong>T\u011bkav\u00e1 rozpou\u0161t\u011bdla <\/strong>lze tak\u00e9 <strong>\u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b nebo zcela nahradit <\/strong>v produktech pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch k \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a spot\u0159ebn\u00edho materi\u00e1lu.<\/p>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">t\u011bkav\u00e9 organick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky uvol\u0148ovan\u00e9 p\u0159i flexotiskov\u00e9m procesu<\/h4>\n\n<p>Flexografie je reli\u00e9fn\u00ed tisk, p\u0159i kter\u00e9m se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 <strong>pru\u017en\u00e1 fotopolymern\u00ed deska na rota\u010dn\u00edm tiskov\u00e9m stroji<\/strong>. Tento proces funguje jako kontinu\u00e1ln\u00ed inkoustov\u00fd pol\u0161t\u00e1\u0159ek a lze jej pou\u017e\u00edt k potisku flexibiln\u00edch obal\u016f (vlnit\u00e1 nebo ploch\u00e1 lepenka, plastov\u00e9 f\u00f3lie, reklamn\u00ed ta\u0161ky), samolepic\u00edch etiket, kovov\u00fdch obal\u016f atd. Rozpou\u0161t\u011bdla pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e1 ve flexografii, kter\u00e1 uvol\u0148uj\u00ed t\u011bkav\u00e9 organick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky, jsou alkoholy, acet\u00e1ty a glykol\u00e9tery.    <\/p>\n\n<p><em>Strategie sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed emis\u00ed t\u011bkav\u00fdch organick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek pro flexotisk<\/em><\/p>\n\n<p>Pou\u017eit\u00ed inkoust\u016f na vodn\u00ed b\u00e1zi (mohou obsahovat 5 a\u017e 20 % rozpou\u0161t\u011bdla) nebo UV inkoust\u016f (je t\u0159eba vym\u011bnit lisy). Ve\u0161ker\u00e1 zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed rozpou\u0161t\u011bdla by m\u011bla b\u00fdt<strong> zachycena u zdroje <\/strong>a o\u0161et\u0159ena aktivn\u00edm uhl\u00edm. <\/p>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">T\u011bkav\u00e9 organick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky emitovan\u00e9 p\u0159i knihtisku<\/h4>\n\n<p>Letterpress je tiska\u0159sk\u00fd proces, kter\u00fd spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v tisku reli\u00e9fn\u00edch znak\u016f tvo\u0159\u00edc\u00edch text na pap\u00edr.<strong>Letterpress<\/strong> se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 pro dokumenty s n\u00e1kladem 20 000 a\u017e 30 000 v\u00fdtisk\u016f, jako jsou let\u00e1ky, prospekty a administrativn\u00ed dokumenty. Mezi t\u011bkav\u00e9 organick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky emitovan\u00e9 rozpou\u0161t\u011bdly a \u0159edidly pat\u0159\u00ed: uhlovod\u00edky (terpent\u00fdn, toluen, xylen atd.), chlorovan\u00e9 slou\u010deniny a etylalkohol.  <\/p>\n\n<p><em>Strategie sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed emis\u00ed t\u011bkav\u00fdch organick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek pro knihtisk<\/em><\/p>\n\n<p>Pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed barev s n\u00edzk\u00fdm obsahem t\u011bkav\u00fdch organick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek,<strong>instalace syst\u00e9mu zachycov\u00e1n\u00ed <\/strong>a filtrace<strong>zdroj\u016f <\/strong>a nakl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed s tiskov\u00fdm odpadem emituj\u00edc\u00edm t\u011bkav\u00e9 organick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky jsou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed strategi\u00ed zm\u00edr\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed dopad\u016f procesu knihtisku.<\/p>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">T\u011bkav\u00e9 organick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky emitovan\u00e9 p\u0159i s\u00edtotisku<\/h4>\n\n<p>S\u00edtotisk, <strong>proces tisku<\/strong> pomoc\u00ed textiln\u00edch s\u00edt napu\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdch barvou, lze pou\u017e\u00edt k tisku na pap\u00edr, karton, l\u00e1tku, d\u0159evo, kov, plast atd., v\u017edy s pou\u017eit\u00edm vhodn\u00e9 barvy. Hlavn\u00edmi u\u017eivateli jsou grafick\u00fd pr\u016fmysl (reklama, n\u00e1pisy, v\u00fdtvarn\u00e9 um\u011bn\u00ed atd.), elektronika (ti\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 obvody) a podlahov\u00e9 a n\u00e1st\u011bnn\u00e9 krytiny. T\u011bkav\u00e9 organick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky emitovan\u00e9 p\u0159i s\u00edtotisku jsou r\u016fzn\u00e9: aromatick\u00e9 t\u011bkav\u00e9 organick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky (trimethylbenzen, toluen, xylen), alicyklick\u00e9 t\u011bkav\u00e9 organick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky (cyklohexan), kysl\u00edkat\u00e9 t\u011bkav\u00e9 organick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky (alkoholy, ketony, estery). Jsou zp\u016fsobeny<strong>odpa\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00edm rozpou\u0161t\u011bdla obsa\u017een\u00e9ho<\/strong> v inkoustu (a\u017e 65 %), v \u010distic\u00edch prost\u0159edc\u00edch.   <\/p>\n\n<p><em>Strategie sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed emis\u00ed t\u011bkav\u00fdch organick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek pro s\u00edtotisk<\/em><\/p>\n\n<p>Pou\u017eit\u00ed inkoust\u016f na vodn\u00ed b\u00e1zi a odstra\u0148ova\u010d\u016f inkoustu s n\u00edzk\u00fdmi emisemi VOC (nap\u0159. s\u00f3jov\u00fd metylester) sni\u017euje emise. P\u0159i p\u0159\u00edprav\u011b s\u00edt a inkoust\u016f, b\u011bhem tisku, p\u0159enosu a su\u0161en\u00ed v\u00fdtisk\u016f a p\u0159i \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed s\u00edt je nezbytn\u00e9 zachycovat t\u011bkav\u00e9 organick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky u zdroje. Syst\u00e9m sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed emis\u00ed<strong> VOC<\/strong> dopl\u0148uje<strong> skladov\u00e1n\u00ed odpadu emituj\u00edc\u00edho VOC ve v\u011btran\u00fdch z\u00e1sobn\u00edc\u00edch<\/strong>.    <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Jak\u00e9 t\u011bkav\u00e9 organick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky se uvol\u0148uj\u00ed p\u0159i pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch procesech nan\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed n\u00e1t\u011brov\u00fdch hmot a jak\u00e9 jsou strategie jejich omezov\u00e1n\u00ed?<\/h3>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">t\u011bkav\u00e9 organick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky emitovan\u00e9 p\u0159i v\u00fdrob\u011b lak\u016f v automobilov\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu<\/h4>\n\n<p>P\u0159i v\u00fdrob\u011b automobil\u016f zahrnuje <strong>proces nan\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed<\/strong> laku n\u011bkolik f\u00e1z\u00ed, p\u0159i nich\u017e doch\u00e1z\u00ed k emis\u00edm t\u011bkav\u00fdch organick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek. Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed n\u00e1t\u011bry se nan\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed elektrofor\u00e9zou. N\u00e1sledn\u00e9 vrstvy z\u00e1kladn\u00edho n\u00e1t\u011bru (obsah rozpou\u0161t\u011bdel: 37 a\u017e 60 %), b\u00e1ze (75 %), laku (60 a\u017e 70 %) nebo laku (60 %) se obvykle nan\u00e1\u0161\u00ed st\u0159\u00edk\u00e1n\u00edm, po n\u011bm\u017e n\u00e1sleduje \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed a su\u0161en\u00ed. T\u011bkav\u00e9 organick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky uvol\u0148ovan\u00e9 v ka\u017ed\u00e9 f\u00e1zi <strong>rozpou\u0161t\u011bdly obsa\u017een\u00fdmi v r\u016fzn\u00fdch n\u00e1t\u011brov\u00fdch hmot\u00e1ch <\/strong>jsou: lakov\u00fd benz\u00edn (skupina alifatick\u00fdch uhlovod\u00edk\u016f), isopropanol, benzylalkohol, etanol a aceton.     <\/p>\n\n<p><em>Strategie sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed emis\u00ed t\u011bkav\u00fdch organick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek v procesech nan\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed n\u00e1t\u011brov\u00fdch hmot v automobilov\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu<\/em><\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Z\u00e1kladem prevence je<\/strong> \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed plynn\u00fdch odpadn\u00edch vod jejich zachycov\u00e1n\u00edm u zdroje a filtrov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bkav\u00fdch organick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek, zejm\u00e9na pomoc\u00ed aktivn\u00edho uhl\u00ed. Pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed technik nan\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed n\u00e1t\u011br\u016f, kter\u00e9 sni\u017euj\u00ed spot\u0159ebu rozpou\u0161t\u011bdel p\u0159i st\u0159\u00edk\u00e1n\u00ed a \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, organizace v\u00fdroby s c\u00edlem sn\u00ed\u017eit spot\u0159ebu a vyu\u017eit\u00ed rozpou\u0161t\u011bdel, volba vodou \u0159editeln\u00fdch nebo pr\u00e1\u0161kov\u00fdch barev a pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed \u010distic\u00edch prost\u0159edk\u016f bez rozpou\u0161t\u011bdel v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b <strong>vodou \u0159editeln\u00fdch barev<\/strong> jsou v tomto odv\u011btv\u00ed strategiemi zm\u00edr\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed emis\u00ed. <\/p>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">t\u011bkav\u00e9 organick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky emitovan\u00e9 p\u0159i jin\u00fdch pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch procesech nan\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed n\u00e1t\u011brov\u00fdch hmot (krom\u011b v\u00fdroby automobil\u016f)<\/h4>\n\n<p>Jedn\u00e1 se o t\u011bkav\u00e9 organick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky, kter\u00e9 se uvol\u0148uj\u00ed p\u0159i <strong>nan\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed barev<\/strong>, lak\u016f nebo lazur na plasty, kovy, textil, keramiku, sklo atd. V\u00fdrobky obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed rozpou\u0161t\u011bdla (30 a\u017e 80 %) se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed k \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed povrchu, nan\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed n\u00e1t\u011bru a schnut\u00ed.   <\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Mezi t\u011bkav\u00e9 organick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky emitovan\u00e9<strong> rozpou\u0161t\u011bdly pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdmi p\u0159i nan\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed n\u00e1t\u011br\u016f na kovy<\/strong> pat\u0159\u00ed: butylacet\u00e1t a xylen (pro \u0159ed\u011bn\u00ed); methylethylketon, aceton, toluen (pro \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed) a tak\u00e9 benzen, formaldehyd atd.  <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>U plast\u016f<strong> se<\/strong> p\u0159i<strong> nan\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed n\u00e1t\u011brov\u00fdch hmot a \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed uvol\u0148uj\u00ed<\/strong> t\u011bkav\u00e9 organick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky, jako je butylacet\u00e1t, xylen, methylisobutylketon, isobutanol a formaldehyd.  <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>U textili\u00ed se uvol\u0148uj\u00ed tyto t\u011bkav\u00e9 organick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky: methylethylketon, toluen a perchlorethylen.  <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>U ostatn\u00edch substr\u00e1t\u016f jsou <strong>hlavn\u00edmi emitovan\u00fdmi t\u011bkav\u00fdmi organick\u00fdmi l\u00e1tkami<\/strong> butyl-acet\u00e1t a xylen.  <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p><em>Strategie sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed emis\u00ed t\u011bkav\u00fdch organick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek v pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch procesech nan\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed n\u00e1t\u011brov\u00fdch hmot<\/em><\/p>\n\n<p>Krom\u011b zachycov\u00e1n\u00ed <strong>t\u011bkav\u00fdch organick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek <\/strong>u <strong>zdroje a jejich zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed <\/strong>, co\u017e je hlavn\u00ed zm\u00edr\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed, je dopl\u0148kovou strategi\u00ed sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bkav\u00fdch organick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek u zdroje. To zahrnuje pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed technik st\u0159\u00edk\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 sni\u017euj\u00ed emise VOC, pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdrobk\u016f obsahuj\u00edc\u00edch m\u00e9n\u011b VOC (vysoce pevn\u00e9, vodou \u0159editeln\u00e9 nebo pr\u00e1\u0161kov\u00e9 barvy) a techniky \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 <strong>pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed<\/strong> m\u00e9n\u011b <strong>rozpou\u0161t\u011bdel<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">t\u011bkav\u00e9 organick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky emitovan\u00e9 v odv\u011btv\u00ed karoseri\u00ed automobil\u016f<\/h4>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignleft size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" src=\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/design-sans-titre-12-edited.jpg\" alt=\"design bez n&#xE1;zvu 12\" class=\"wp-image-36041\" style=\"width:349px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/design-sans-titre-12-edited.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/design-sans-titre-12-edited-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/design-sans-titre-12-edited-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/design-sans-titre-12-edited-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\">Jedn\u00e1 se o t\u011bkav\u00e9 organick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky uvol\u0148ovan\u00e9 p\u0159i nan\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed barev a lak\u016f na <strong>karoserie, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed b\u00fdt opraveny nebo p\u0159elakov\u00e1ny<\/strong>, a p\u0159i \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed. Jedn\u00e1 se p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm o aromatick\u00e9 a alifatick\u00e9 uhlovod\u00edkov\u00e9 t\u011bkav\u00e9 organick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky a okysli\u010den\u00e9 t\u011bkav\u00e9 organick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky (alkoholy, ketony, estery). <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"><em>Strategie sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed emis\u00ed t\u011bkav\u00fdch organick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek p\u0159i renovaci karoserie<\/em><\/p>\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\">Hlavn\u00edm zm\u00edr\u0148uj\u00edc\u00edm opat\u0159en\u00edm z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 zachycov\u00e1n\u00ed u zdroje v lakovac\u00edch boxech a n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ed vypou\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm do vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed tak, aby byly dodr\u017eeny<strong> mezn\u00ed hodnoty emis\u00ed v <\/strong>z\u00e1vislosti na plo\u0161e d\u00edlny a mno\u017estv\u00ed pou\u017eit\u00e9ho rozpou\u0161t\u011bdla. Pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed technik st\u0159\u00edk\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 sni\u017euj\u00ed spot\u0159ebu barvy, a t\u00edm i emise VOC, pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdrobk\u016f s ni\u017e\u0161\u00edmi emisemi VOC (barva s vysok\u00fdm obsahem pevn\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stic, barva nebo lak na vodn\u00ed b\u00e1zi, UV lak) a techniky \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 sni\u017euj\u00ed<strong> emise VOC<\/strong>, jsou nejb\u011b\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi strategiemi zm\u00edr\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed v karos\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9m odv\u011btv\u00ed. <\/p>\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Jak\u00e9 t\u011bkav\u00e9 organick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky se uvol\u0148uj\u00ed p\u0159i v\u00fdrob\u011b barev, lak\u016f, inkoust\u016f a lepidel a jak\u00e9 jsou strategie jejich omezov\u00e1n\u00ed?<\/h3>\n\n<p>Slo\u017eky t\u011bchto l\u00e1tek se p\u0159ipravuj\u00ed a skladuj\u00ed v kapaln\u00e9 form\u011b z<strong> pr\u00e1\u0161kov\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f a rozpou\u0161t\u011bdel<\/strong>. Slo\u017eky se pak d\u00e1vkuj\u00ed v po\u017eadovan\u00fdch d\u00e1vk\u00e1ch a m\u00edchaj\u00ed se, aby vznikl hotov\u00fd v\u00fdrobek. V tomto pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9m odv\u011btv\u00ed lze jako rozpou\u0161t\u011bdla pou\u017e\u00edt p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 200 t\u011bkav\u00fdch organick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek. P\u0159i v\u00fdrob\u011b barev, lak\u016f a inkoust\u016f pat\u0159\u00ed mezi emitovan\u00e9 t\u011bkav\u00e9 organick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky alifatick\u00e9 a aromatick\u00e9 uhlovod\u00edky, xylen, toluen, dichlormethan, estery a alkoholy. P\u0159i <strong>v\u00fdrob\u011b lepidel a \u017eelatiny<\/strong> jsou hlavn\u00edmi t\u011bkav\u00fdmi organick\u00fdmi l\u00e1tkami methylethylketon, ethylacet\u00e1t a uhlovod\u00edky.    <\/p>\n\n<p><em>Strategie sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed emis\u00ed VOC p\u0159i v\u00fdrob\u011b barev, lak\u016f, inkoust\u016f a lepidel<\/em><\/p>\n\n<p>Prvn\u00edm opat\u0159en\u00edm je zachycov\u00e1n\u00ed a \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed plynn\u00fdch odpadn\u00edch vod obsahuj\u00edc\u00edch t\u011bkav\u00e9 organick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky u zdroje. Nap\u0159\u00edklad pou\u017eit\u00ed<strong> mobiln\u00edch filtr\u016f s aktivn\u00edm uhl\u00edm <\/strong>je velmi dob\u0159e p\u0159izp\u016fsobiteln\u00e9 zm\u011bn\u00e1m v\u00fdrobn\u00edch podm\u00ednek. Strategie sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed emis\u00ed VOC zahrnuj\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1hradn\u00edch produkt\u016f s n\u00edzk\u00fdm obsahem rozpou\u0161t\u011bdel (produkty na b\u00e1zi vody nebo s vysok\u00fdm obsahem pevn\u00fdch l\u00e1tek) nebo produkt\u016f bez rozpou\u0161t\u011bdel. U <strong>\u010distic\u00edch prost\u0159edk\u016f<\/strong> mohou v\u00fdrobci nahradit organick\u00e1 rozpou\u0161t\u011bdla vodn\u00fdmi roztoky sody a pota\u0161e zah\u0159\u00e1t\u00fdmi na 80 \u00b0C, kter\u00e9 v\u0161ak vy\u017eaduj\u00ed \u00fapravu prac\u00ed vody.   <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Jak\u00e9 t\u011bkav\u00e9 organick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky se uvol\u0148uj\u00ed p\u0159i v\u00fdrob\u011b n\u00e1t\u011brov\u00fdch hmot a jak\u00e9 jsou strategie jejich omezov\u00e1n\u00ed?<\/h3>\n\n<p>Do<strong> procesu nan\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed adhezivn\u00edch n\u00e1t\u011br\u016f<\/strong> se t\u011bkav\u00e9 organick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm lepidel na b\u00e1zi rozpou\u0161t\u011bdel, kter\u00e1 pokr\u00fdvaj\u00ed povrch n\u00e1t\u011bru, a prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm pou\u017eit\u00fdch \u0159edidel. Emise VOC jsou v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 b\u011bhem procesu schnut\u00ed. Hlavn\u00edmi typy jsou    <\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>akryl\u00e1tov\u00e1 lepidla<\/strong> pro v\u00fdrobu lepidel (lepic\u00ed p\u00e1sky, etikety atd.), lepen\u00ed podlahov\u00fdch a st\u011bnov\u00fdch krytin, lepen\u00ed PVC f\u00f3li\u00ed na d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e9 desky atd.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>vinylov\u00e1 lepidla<\/strong> pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e1 k lepen\u00ed d\u00edl\u016f z PVC v automobilov\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu (\u010deln\u00ed skla atd.), ve stavebnictv\u00ed (dren\u00e1\u017en\u00ed trubky atd.) atd.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>polyuretanov\u00e1 lepidla<\/strong> pro obalov\u00fd, textiln\u00ed a obuvnick\u00fd pr\u016fmysl.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>neoprenov\u00e1 lepidla pro<\/strong> automobilov\u00fd, obuvnick\u00fd a stavebn\u00ed pr\u016fmysl.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>P\u0159i pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch procesech nan\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed lepidel se uvol\u0148uj\u00ed zejm\u00e9na tyto t\u011bkav\u00e9 organick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky: methyl ethyl keton, dimethyl ethyl keton, butylacet\u00e1t, ethyl acet\u00e1t, ethyl benzen, toluen a xylen.<\/p>\n\n<p><em>Strategie sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed emis\u00ed t\u011bkav\u00fdch organick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek p\u0159i v\u00fdrob\u011b adhezivn\u00edch n\u00e1t\u011br\u016f<\/em><\/p>\n\n<p>B\u011bhem procesu su\u0161en\u00ed se emise t\u011bkav\u00fdch organick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek zachycuj\u00ed u zdroje a pot\u00e9 se filtruj\u00ed pomoc\u00ed aktivn\u00edho uhl\u00ed, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se v\u00fdrazn\u011b sni\u017euj\u00ed<strong> emise do atmosf\u00e9ry<\/strong>. Ostatn\u00ed techniky sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed emis\u00ed VOC jsou shodn\u00e9 s technikami pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdmi p\u0159i v\u00fdrob\u011b lepidla, jak je pops\u00e1no v\u00fd\u0161e. <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Jak\u00e9 t\u011bkav\u00e9 organick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky se uvol\u0148uj\u00ed p\u0159i pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 v\u00fdrob\u011b l\u00e9\u010div a jak\u00e9 jsou strategie jejich omezov\u00e1n\u00ed?<\/h3>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/industrie-pharmaceutique-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"&#x17E;ena v ochrann&#xE9;m od&#x11B;vu vyr&#xE1;b&#x11B;j&#xED;c&#xED; tablety ve steriln&#xED;ch pracovn&#xED;ch podm&#xED;nk&#xE1;ch.\" class=\"wp-image-36056\" style=\"width:350px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/industrie-pharmaceutique-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/industrie-pharmaceutique-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/industrie-pharmaceutique-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/industrie-pharmaceutique-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/industrie-pharmaceutique-2048x1365.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n<p><strong>Pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 procesy<\/strong> sahaj\u00ed od v\u00fdroby \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 farmaceutick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky (suroviny) a\u017e po v\u00fdrobu l\u00e9kov\u00e9 formy (tablety, tobolky, masti, sirupu, spreje atd.). Mnoho operac\u00ed ve farmaceutick\u00fdch v\u00fdrobn\u00edch procesech zahrnuje rozpou\u0161t\u011bdla a vede k emis\u00edm t\u011bkav\u00fdch organick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek: pln\u011bn\u00ed m\u00edcha\u010dky, pln\u011bn\u00ed odpadn\u00edch skladovac\u00edch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed, <strong>vst\u0159ikov\u00e1n\u00ed steriln\u00edho vzduchu do potrub\u00ed<\/strong> k odstran\u011bn\u00ed produktu p\u0159ed \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm, p\u0159e\u010derp\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed rozpou\u0161t\u011bdla z cisteren do skladovac\u00edch sud\u016f, odb\u011br vzork\u016f pro kontrolu kvality atd. Farmaceutick\u00fd pr\u016fmysl pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b pades\u00e1t rozpou\u0161t\u011bdel, kter\u00e1 emituj\u00ed t\u011bkav\u00e9 organick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky. Pat\u0159\u00ed mezi n\u011b p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b deset specifick\u00fdch t\u011bkav\u00fdch organick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek klasifikovan\u00fdch jako CMR: dioxan, chloroform, dimethylformamid, dichlorethan, methylenchlorid, perchlorethylen, dimetylamin, diglym a triglym.   <\/p>\n\n<p><em>Strategie sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed emis\u00ed t\u011bkav\u00fdch organick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek p\u0159i v\u00fdrob\u011b l\u00e9\u010div<\/em><\/p>\n\n<p>Ka\u017ed\u00e1 operace, p\u0159i n\u00ed\u017e se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed rozpou\u0161t\u011bdla a uvol\u0148uj\u00ed se t\u011bkav\u00e9 organick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky, vy\u017eaduje zachycen\u00ed u zdroje a zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed. \u010casto se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 adsorpce na aktivn\u00edm uhl\u00ed spolu s tepelnou oxidac\u00ed. Minimalizace emis\u00ed VOC zahrnuje izolaci zdroj\u016f a su\u0161en\u00ed v uzav\u0159en\u00e9m okruhu, aby se sn\u00ed\u017eily <strong>fugitivn\u00ed emise<\/strong>, uzav\u0159en\u00e9 operace \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a recirkulaci procesn\u00edch \u010disti\u010d\u016f, pokud je to mo\u017en\u00e9, aby se zabr\u00e1nilo p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9mu vypou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed VOC otvory. Nahrazen\u00ed rozpou\u0161t\u011bdel je slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, proto\u017ee se vyb\u00edraj\u00ed pro sv\u00e9 <strong>fyzik\u00e1ln\u011b-chemick\u00e9 vlastnosti, kter\u00e9 <\/strong>p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00ed k procesu. V jednotliv\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech m\u016f\u017ee v\u00fdrobce nahradit rozpou\u0161t\u011bdlo pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 v procesu rozpou\u0161t\u011bdlem, kter\u00e9 uvol\u0148uje m\u00e9n\u011b toxick\u00fdch VOC.      <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Jak\u00e9 t\u011bkav\u00e9 organick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky se uvol\u0148uj\u00ed p\u0159i stroj\u00edrensk\u00fdch procesech a jak\u00e9 jsou strategie jejich omezov\u00e1n\u00ed?<\/h3>\n\n<p>Jedn\u00e1 se p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm o \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed kovov\u00fdch povrch\u016f p\u0159ed obr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00edm nebo po n\u011bm, aby se odstranily tuky, \u0159ezn\u00e9 kapaliny, oleje a pevn\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stice. C\u00edlem je bu\u010f p\u0159\u00edprava na dal\u0161\u00ed operaci, nebo zlep\u0161en\u00ed vzhledu povrchu. \u010ci\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee kombinovat chemick\u00e9 p\u016fsoben\u00ed na b\u00e1zi rozpou\u0161t\u011bdel, mechanick\u00e9 p\u016fsoben\u00ed (ultrazvuk, st\u0159\u00edk\u00e1n\u00ed, ru\u010dn\u00ed nebo mechanick\u00e9 m\u00edch\u00e1n\u00ed) a ur\u010ditou \u00farove\u0148 teploty pro zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnosti chemick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek. \u010casto n\u00e1sleduje oplachov\u00e1n\u00ed a su\u0161en\u00ed. P\u0159i tomto typu operac\u00ed se tradi\u010dn\u011b uvol\u0148uj\u00ed tyto t\u011bkav\u00e9 organick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky: halogenovan\u00e9 t\u011bkav\u00e9 organick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky (perchlorethylen, dichlormethan, trichlorethylen), uhlovod\u00edkov\u00e9 t\u011bkav\u00e9 organick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky a kysl\u00edkat\u00e9 t\u011bkav\u00e9 organick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky (aceton, ethanol, isopropanol, glykolov\u00e9 ethery, glykolov\u00e9 estery, methyl ethyl keton).    <\/p>\n\n<p><em>Strategie sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed emis\u00ed t\u011bkav\u00fdch organick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek ve stroj\u00edrenstv\u00ed<\/em><\/p>\n\n<p>T\u011bkav\u00e9 organick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky se zachycuj\u00ed u zdroje a p\u0159ednostn\u011b se zachycuj\u00ed filtrac\u00ed s aktivn\u00edm uhl\u00edm. Ke sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed emis\u00ed VOC m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159isp\u011bt <strong>n\u00e1hrada rozpou\u0161t\u011bdel detergenty<\/strong> (s p\u0159\u00edsadami, kter\u00e9 emituj\u00ed m\u00e9n\u011b VOC), detergenty obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed povrchov\u011b aktivn\u00ed l\u00e1tky a bakterie (biogenn\u00ed emise VOC), agrorozpou\u0161t\u011bdla; tepeln\u00e9 odstra\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed; laserov\u00e9 nebo studen\u00e9 plazmov\u00e9 procesy (jadern\u00fd a leteck\u00fd pr\u016fmysl), trysk\u00e1n\u00ed ledem nebo such\u00fdm ledem (jednor\u00e1zov\u00e9 aplikace), odstra\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed<strong> CO<\/strong><strong><sub>2<\/sub><\/strong><strong> (<\/strong> v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b se pr\u016fmyslov\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1). <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Jak\u00e9 t\u011bkav\u00e9 organick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky se uvol\u0148uj\u00ed p\u0159i sl\u00e9v\u00e1rensk\u00fdch procesech a jak\u00e9 jsou strategie jejich omezov\u00e1n\u00ed?<\/h3>\n\n<p>Odl\u00e9v\u00e1n\u00ed spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v lit\u00ed roztaven\u00e9ho kovu do formy, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se vyrob\u00ed kovov\u00fd d\u00edl. Forma m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt vyrobena <strong>procesem &#8222;sand-to-green&#8220; <\/strong>(p\u00edsek + hl\u00edna + uhl\u00edk) nebo procesem chemick\u00e9ho vytvrzov\u00e1n\u00ed (p\u00edsek + prysky\u0159ice). Pou\u017eit\u00ed chemick\u00fdch pojiv m\u00e1 za n\u00e1sledek produkci r\u016fzn\u00fdch t\u011bkav\u00fdch organick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek b\u011bhem m\u00edch\u00e1n\u00ed, formov\u00e1n\u00ed a korundov\u00e1n\u00ed, skladov\u00e1n\u00ed, lit\u00ed a chlazen\u00ed. Hlavn\u00ed t\u011bkav\u00e9 organick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky emitovan\u00e9 b\u011bhem pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9ho procesu jsou: t\u011bkav\u00fd organick\u00fd uhl\u00edk, <strong>aromatick\u00e9 uhlovod\u00edkov\u00e9 t\u011bkav\u00e9 organick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky<\/strong>: benzen, ethylbenzen, toluen, xylen (BTEX), kysl\u00edkat\u00e9 t\u011bkav\u00e9 organick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky v\u010detn\u011b aldehyd\u016f (formaldehyd, akrolein, acetaldehyd), fenol, alkohol, estery.   <\/p>\n\n<p><em>Strategie zm\u00edr\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed emis\u00ed t\u011bkav\u00fdch organick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek ve sl\u00e9v\u00e1renstv\u00ed<\/em><\/p>\n\n<p>Prvn\u00ed strategi\u00ed je zachycen\u00ed emis\u00ed u zdroje pomoc\u00ed odsava\u010d\u016f a jejich zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed v r\u016fzn\u00fdch f\u00e1z\u00edch procesu. <strong>Ke sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed emis\u00ed u zdroje slou\u017e\u00ed pou\u017eit\u00ed grafitu<\/strong> v procesu zelen\u00e9ho p\u00edsku, kter\u00fd sni\u017euje mno\u017estv\u00ed t\u011bkav\u00e9ho uhl\u00edku. Pokud jde o proces chemick\u00e9ho nastavov\u00e1n\u00ed, trendem je pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed prysky\u0159ic s men\u0161\u00edm mno\u017estv\u00edm slo\u017eek emituj\u00edc\u00edch t\u011bkav\u00e9 organick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky.  <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>T\u011bkav\u00e9 organick\u00e9 slou\u010deniny (VOC) a z\u00e1pach mohou vznikat p\u0159i r\u016fzn\u00fdch pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch procesech. Identifikace potenci\u00e1ln\u00edch zdroj\u016f emis\u00ed t\u011bkav\u00fdch organick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek z t\u011bchto proces\u016f je z\u00e1sadn\u00ed pro vypracov\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fdch strategi\u00ed zm\u00edr\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed emis\u00ed. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":82078,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"none","_seopress_titles_title":"t\u011bkav\u00e9 organick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky v pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch procesech. Jak\u00e1 je strategie zm\u00edr\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed? ","_seopress_titles_desc":"T\u011bkav\u00e9 organick\u00e9 slou\u010deniny (VOC) a z\u00e1pach mohou vznikat p\u0159i r\u016fzn\u00fdch pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch procesech. Identifikace potenci\u00e1ln\u00edch zdroj\u016f emis\u00ed VOC. ","_seopress_robots_index":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[310],"tags":[113],"class_list":["post-40393","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nase-rady","tag-entete-male","generate-columns","tablet-grid-50","mobile-grid-100","grid-parent","grid-50","no-featured-image-padding","resize-featured-image"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40393","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=40393"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40393\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":82866,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40393\/revisions\/82866"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/82078"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=40393"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=40393"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=40393"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}