{"id":40734,"date":"2024-01-02T15:02:54","date_gmt":"2024-01-02T13:02:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/non-classifiee\/prumyslove-procesy-a-prevence-rizik-vybuchu-nebo-pozaru-pomoci-prumyslovych-odlucovacu-prachu\/"},"modified":"2025-04-15T10:20:08","modified_gmt":"2025-04-15T08:20:08","slug":"procedes-industriels-prevention-risques-explosion-depoussiereurs-industriels","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/cs\/nase-rady\/procedes-industriels-prevention-risques-explosion-depoussiereurs-industriels\/","title":{"rendered":"Pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 procesy a prevence rizik v\u00fdbuchu nebo po\u017e\u00e1ru pomoc\u00ed pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch odlu\u010dova\u010d\u016f prachu"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Mnoho pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f<\/strong> pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 ho\u0159lav\u00e9 pr\u00e1\u0161kov\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky nebo produkuje ho\u0159lav\u00fd prach. Provoz t\u011bchto v\u00fdrobn\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f p\u0159edstavuje riziko po\u017e\u00e1ru a v\u00fdbuchu. Tato rizika vypl\u00fdvaj\u00ed z vlastnost\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch v\u00fdrobk\u016f a proces\u016f. Proto pr\u00e1vn\u00ed p\u0159edpisy t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se bezpe\u010dnosti pracovn\u00edk\u016f a ochrany \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed vy\u017eaduj\u00ed, aby podniky instalovaly vhodn\u00e9 preventivn\u00ed a ochrann\u00e9 prost\u0159edky. Nejb\u011b\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edm preventivn\u00edm opat\u0159en\u00edm je kontrola <strong>suspenze \u010d\u00e1stic a jejich koncentrace v okoln\u00edm vzduchu<\/strong> nebo v za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Toho se dosahuje pomoc\u00ed ods\u00e1vac\u00edch a filtra\u010dn\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f ur\u010den\u00fdch k odstra\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed prachu z proces\u016f.     <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Jak doch\u00e1z\u00ed k po\u017e\u00e1ru nebo v\u00fdbuchu p\u0159i pou\u017eit\u00ed pr\u00e1\u0161kov\u00fdch v\u00fdrobk\u016f nebo p\u0159i uvol\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed prachu?<\/h2>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"585\" src=\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/feu-brulant-fumee-nature-enfer-destructeur-dechaine-ia-generative-1024x585.jpg\" alt=\"V&#xFD;buch v pr&#x16F;myslov&#xE9;m prost&#x159;ed&#xED;\" class=\"wp-image-27444\" style=\"width:586px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/feu-brulant-fumee-nature-enfer-destructeur-dechaine-ia-generative-1024x585.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/feu-brulant-fumee-nature-enfer-destructeur-dechaine-ia-generative-300x171.jpg 300w, https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/feu-brulant-fumee-nature-enfer-destructeur-dechaine-ia-generative-768x439.jpg 768w, https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/feu-brulant-fumee-nature-enfer-destructeur-dechaine-ia-generative-1536x878.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/feu-brulant-fumee-nature-enfer-destructeur-dechaine-ia-generative-2048x1170.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n<p>P\u0159i n\u011bkter\u00fdch <strong>pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch \u010dinnostech,<\/strong> zejm\u00e9na p\u0159i pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u00e1\u0161k\u016f, se v ovzdu\u0161\u00ed rozptyluje prach, kter\u00fd by mohl zp\u016fsobit v\u00fdbuch nebo po\u017e\u00e1r. Vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed oblak ho\u0159lav\u00e9ho prachu, kter\u00fd tvo\u0159\u00ed<strong> v\u00fdbu\u0161nou atmosf\u00e9ru<\/strong> (ATEX). ATEX exploduje, pokud spl\u0148uje spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 podm\u00ednky.    <\/p>\n\n<p>Dal\u0161\u00ed mo\u017enost\u00ed je, \u017ee se oblak prachu usad\u00ed. Prach se pak hromad\u00ed ve vrstv\u00e1ch na za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a na podlaze d\u00edlny. V z\u00e1vislosti na zah\u0159\u00e1t\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed nebo chemick\u00e9m slo\u017een\u00ed \u010d\u00e1stic je pravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9, \u017ee tato masa prachu zp\u016fsob\u00ed samovzn\u00edcen\u00ed nebo pyrol\u00fdzu, co\u017e vede k po\u017e\u00e1ru nebo v\u00fdbuchu.    <\/p>\n\n<p><strong>V\u00fdskyt t\u011bchto jev\u016f<\/strong> vy\u017eaduje specifick\u00e9 podm\u00ednky, kter\u00e9 shrnujeme n\u00ed\u017ee (v\u00edce informac\u00ed naleznete v podrobn\u00fdch \u010dl\u00e1nc\u00edch ATEX).<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Jak se prach s\u00e1m zah\u0159\u00edv\u00e1 a jak\u00e9 jsou d\u016fsledky?<\/h3>\n\n<p><strong> Zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed chemick\u00e9 slo\u017een\u00ed<\/strong> n\u011bkter\u00fdch prachov\u00fdch usazenin m\u016f\u017ee vyvolat spont\u00e1nn\u00ed exotermickou chemickou reakci. A podm\u00ednky v usazenin\u011b mohou vyvolat produkci tepla, kter\u00e1 je rychlej\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e jeho rozptyl v okoln\u00edm vzduchu. Teplota vrstvy prachu pak stoup\u00e1, ani\u017e by se do reak\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu p\u0159id\u00e1valo vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed teplo. Jedn\u00e1 se o samooh\u0159ev. Zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed teploty urychluje rychlost reakce, a t\u00edm urychluje i n\u00e1r\u016fst tepla. Zpo\u010d\u00e1tku pomal\u00e9 zah\u0159\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee postupovat a\u017e k <strong>\u017ehnut\u00ed nebo samovzn\u00edcen\u00ed<\/strong>. V z\u00e1vislosti na podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch m\u00edstn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed (p\u0159\u00edtomnost materi\u00e1lu citliv\u00e9ho na tepeln\u00fd tok, p\u0159\u00edtomnost oblaku ho\u0159lav\u00e9ho prachu atd.) m\u016f\u017ee b\u011b\u017e\u00edc\u00ed reakce v\u00e9st k po\u017e\u00e1ru nebo v\u00fdbuchu. Jev samozah\u0159\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed je tedy p\u0159edstupn\u011bm po\u017e\u00e1ru a v\u00fdbuchu.       <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Jak pyrol\u00fdza prachu funguje a jak\u00e9 jsou jej\u00ed d\u016fsledky?<\/h3>\n\n<p>Pyrol\u00fdzou se rozum\u00ed <strong>chemick\u00fd rozklad organick\u00e9ho produktu<\/strong> za p\u016fsoben\u00ed vysok\u00e9ho tepla a v atmosf\u00e9\u0159e s n\u00edzk\u00fdm obsahem kysl\u00edku nebo bez kysl\u00edku.  <\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Samovoln\u00e9 zah\u0159\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed prachov\u00e9 usazeniny<\/strong> nebo tepeln\u00fd tok z hork\u00e9ho povrchu, na kter\u00e9m se prachov\u00e1 usazenina nach\u00e1z\u00ed, m\u016f\u017ee v \u010d\u00e1sti usazeniny s n\u00edzk\u00fdm obsahem kysl\u00edku nebo bez kysl\u00edku vytv\u00e1\u0159et pyrol\u00fdzn\u00ed plyny.  <\/p>\n\n<p>Tyto plyny se mohou hromadit v atmosf\u00e9\u0159e.<strong>Tepeln\u00e1 energie, kter\u00e1<\/strong> vyvolala pyrol\u00fdzu, nebo jin\u00fd zdroj energie m\u016f\u017ee tyto plyny zap\u00e1lit. V z\u00e1vislosti na jejich koncentraci zp\u016fsob\u00ed vzn\u00edcen\u00ed po\u017e\u00e1r nebo v\u00fdbuch. Stejn\u011b jako samozah\u0159\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed je pyrol\u00fdza prachu p\u0159edstupn\u011bm po\u017e\u00e1ru nebo v\u00fdbuchu.   <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Jak\u00e9 jsou podm\u00ednky pro vznik po\u017e\u00e1ru prachu?<\/h3>\n\n<p><strong>Po\u017e\u00e1r prachu<\/strong> vznik\u00e1 ho\u0159en\u00edm ho\u0159lav\u00fdch plyn\u016f uvol\u0148ovan\u00fdch p\u0159i rozkladu prachu b\u011bhem pyrol\u00fdzy. Po\u017e\u00e1r vznik\u00e1 p\u0159i dostate\u010dn\u00e9m mno\u017estv\u00ed t\u0159\u00ed prvk\u016f: paliva (plynu), okysli\u010dovadla (kysl\u00edku ve vzduchu) a aktiva\u010dn\u00ed energie (teplo, jiskra, vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed plamen atd.). Postupn\u00e1 dif\u00faze ho\u0159lav\u00fdch plyn\u016f a n\u00e1sledn\u011b jejich m\u00edsen\u00ed se vzduchem \u017eiv\u00ed plamen ohn\u011b. Plamen vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed toxick\u00fd kou\u0159 a tepeln\u00fd tok, kter\u00fd napom\u00e1h\u00e1 \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed po\u017e\u00e1ru.<strong> S\u00e1l\u00e1n\u00ed tepeln\u00e9ho toku <\/strong>m\u016f\u017ee zp\u016fsobit v\u00fdbuch tlakov\u00fdch n\u00e1dob nebo jin\u00fdch ho\u0159lav\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f.      <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Jak\u00e9 jsou podm\u00ednky pro v\u00fdbuch prachu?<\/h3>\n\n<p><strong>V\u00fdbuch je okam\u017eit\u00e9 vzn\u00edcen\u00ed v\u00fd<\/strong>bu\u0161n\u00e9 atmosf\u00e9ry, p\u0159i kter\u00e9m se uvol\u0148uje intenzivn\u00ed energie (ATEX). Je doprov\u00e1zen prudk\u00fdm n\u00e1r\u016fstem objemu, teploty a tlaku plyn\u016f v ATEX. <\/p>\n\n<p>Existuje \u0161est podm\u00ednek pro vznik v\u00fdbuchu prachu. T\u0159i z nich jsou stejn\u00e9 jako ty, kter\u00e9 zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed po\u017e\u00e1r: sou\u010dasn\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edtomnost vzduchu, prachu a <strong>zdroje vzn\u00edcen\u00ed<\/strong>. T\u0159i z nich urychluj\u00ed reakci ho\u0159en\u00ed: granulometrick\u00e1 jemnost, kter\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje homogenn\u00ed suspendov\u00e1n\u00ed prachu ve vzduchu, koncentrace prachu ve vzduchu, kter\u00e1 dosahuje v\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00e9ho rozsahu, a dostate\u010dn\u00e1 uzav\u0159enost, aby tlak p\u016fsobil jako urychlova\u010d ho\u0159en\u00ed.    <\/p>\n\n<p>V prostor\u00e1ch a provozn\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch se tvo\u0159\u00ed prach ATEX.<strong> Tepeln\u00e9 a tlakov\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky vznikaj\u00edc\u00ed<\/strong> p\u0159i v\u00fdbuchu ohro\u017euj\u00ed pracovn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed a bezpe\u010dnost osob. <\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"479\" height=\"351\" src=\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/hexagone_de_lexplosion.png\" alt=\"v&#xFD;buch &#x161;esti&#xFA;heln&#xED;ku\" class=\"wp-image-27449\" srcset=\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/hexagone_de_lexplosion.png 479w, https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/hexagone_de_lexplosion-300x220.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 479px) 100vw, 479px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Jak\u00fd je rozd\u00edl mezi po\u017e\u00e1rem prachu a v\u00fdbuchem prachu?<\/h3>\n\n<p><strong>Kontext, v n\u011bm\u017e je v\u00fdbuch vyvol\u00e1n, se li\u0161\u00ed od kontextu<\/strong> po\u017e\u00e1ru, i kdy\u017e ka\u017ed\u00fd z t\u011bchto jev\u016f m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k druh\u00e9mu.  <\/p>\n\n<p>P\u0159i v\u00fdbuchu se p\u0159edem vytvo\u0159\u00ed sm\u011bs ho\u0159lav\u00e9ho prachu a vzduchu. P\u0159edm\u00edchan\u00fd plamen se s\u00e1m \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed a vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed spalovac\u00ed vlnu.   <\/p>\n\n<p>P\u0159i po\u017e\u00e1ru vznik\u00e1 palivo ve form\u011b plynu pyrol\u00fdzou prachu. Sm\u011bs pyrol\u00fdzn\u00edho plynu a vzduchu se vzn\u00edt\u00ed. A dif\u00fazn\u00ed plamen se udr\u017euje tak dlouho, dokud ho prach \u017eiv\u00ed.    <\/p>\n\n<p>Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee p\u0159i v\u00fdbuchu jsou reaktanty p\u0159edem sm\u00edch\u00e1ny, je jeho<strong> energetick\u00fd v\u00fdt\u011b\u017eek mnohem vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e p\u0159i po\u017e\u00e1ru<\/strong>. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b po\u017e\u00e1ru rozhoduje o kinetice jevu rychlost, s jakou se ho\u0159lav\u00e9 plyny \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed prachem a m\u00eds\u00ed se vzduchem, kter\u00e1 je mnohem pomalej\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e u v\u00fdbuchu. <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">P\u0159ehled pr\u00e1vn\u00edch p\u0159edpis\u016f t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edch se po\u017e\u00e1r\u016f a v\u00fdbuch\u016f prachu.<\/h2>\n\n<p><strong> V\u00fdbuchy a po\u017e\u00e1ry<\/strong> zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 prachem maj\u00ed dopad na bezpe\u010dnost zam\u011bstnanc\u016f a ni\u010d\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed v m\u00edst\u011b provozu, co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt n\u00e1sledky pro \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Z\u00e1kon\u00edk pr\u00e1ce a z\u00e1kon o \u017eivotn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed proto poskytuj\u00ed r\u00e1mec pro prevenci t\u011bchto jev\u016f. V mnoha p\u0159\u00edpadech se jedn\u00e1 o transpozici evropsk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va.<strong>Zam\u011bstnavatel mus\u00ed zajistit, aby prostory<\/strong> a syst\u00e9my prevence a ochrany byly v souladu s p\u0159edpisy.   <\/p>\n\n<p>Pokud jde o po\u017e\u00e1r, francouzsk\u00fd z\u00e1kon\u00edk pr\u00e1ce upravuje uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed prostor (zaveden\u00ed evakua\u010dn\u00edch prost\u0159edk\u016f), ochranu zam\u011bstnanc\u016f (instalace popla\u0161n\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a hasic\u00edch p\u0159\u00edstroj\u016f atd.) a prevenci nehod.<\/p>\n\n<p>Pokud jde o v\u00fdbuchy, francouzsk\u00fd z\u00e1kon\u00edk pr\u00e1ce vy\u017eaduje, aby zam\u011bstnavatel\u00e9 posoudili rizika spojen\u00e1 s ATEX (v\u00fdbu\u0161nou atmosf\u00e9rou) a p\u0159ijali konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed k zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed prevence v\u00fdbuchu a bezpe\u010dnosti a ochrany zam\u011bstnanc\u016f v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b v\u00fdbuchu. Vztahuje se na   <\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>vymezen\u00ed z\u00f3n, ve kter\u00fdch <\/strong>m\u016f\u017ee vzniknout <strong>ATEX <\/strong>(viz z\u00f3nov\u00e1n\u00ed ATEX).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>organiza\u010dn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed pro<\/strong> zam\u011bstnance vystaven\u00e9 riziku v\u00fdbuchu<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong> v\u00fdb\u011br za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e1<\/strong> mohou pracovat v z\u00f3n\u00e1ch ATEX.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ozna\u010den\u00ed z\u00f3n ATEX<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Stejn\u011b jako v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b mrak\u016f prachu jsou podle p\u0159edpis\u016f zdrojem ATEX vrstvy, n\u00e1nosy a hromady prachu.<\/p>\n\n<p>Francouzsk\u00fd <strong>z\u00e1kon\u00edk o \u017eivotn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed<\/strong> se vztahuje na po\u017e\u00e1ry a v\u00fdbuchy obecn\u011b, a zejm\u00e9na na jejich \u00fa\u010dinky na oblasti p\u0159ilehl\u00e9 k za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm ICPE (Installations Class\u00e9es pour la Protection de l&#8217;Environnement). Nomenklatura ICPE klasifikuje tato za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed podle pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch nebo vyr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00fdch l\u00e1tek a podle nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 povahy \u010dinnost\u00ed. Nomenklatura odkazuje na opat\u0159en\u00ed p\u0159edepsan\u00e1 z\u00e1kon\u00edkem o \u017eivotn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed a evropsk\u00fdmi p\u0159edpisy (zejm\u00e9na Seveso 3). Jej\u00ed polo\u017eky definuj\u00ed ho\u0159lav\u00e9 l\u00e1tky (zejm\u00e9na ho\u0159lav\u00e9 pevn\u00e9 l\u00e1tky, ho\u0159lav\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky) a v\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky, kter\u00e9 mohou zp\u016fsobit po\u017e\u00e1r nebo v\u00fdbuch. Prach vznikaj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159i v\u00fdrobc\u00edch nebo \u010dinnostech mus\u00ed b\u00fdt posuzov\u00e1n podle t\u00e9to nomenklatury.    <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 procesy a riziko po\u017e\u00e1ru nebo v\u00fdbuchu<\/h2>\n\n<p>Pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 procesy vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed ho\u0159lav\u00e9 pr\u00e1\u0161kov\u00e9 produkty nevyhnuteln\u011b vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed oblaka a usazeniny prachu. Hroz\u00ed proto nebezpe\u010d\u00ed po\u017e\u00e1ru nebo v\u00fdbuchu. Preferovan\u00fdm preventivn\u00edm opat\u0159en\u00edm je instalace<strong>syst\u00e9mu ods\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed prachu<\/strong>.  <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Procesy p\u0159enosu v\u00fdrobk\u016f a rizika v\u00fdbuchu a po\u017e\u00e1ru<\/h3>\n\n<p>V pr\u016fmyslu se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 postupy p\u0159enosu pr\u00e1\u0161ku p\u0159izp\u016fsoben\u00e9 os\u00e1m pohybu (horizont\u00e1ln\u00ed, vertik\u00e1ln\u00ed, sp\u00e1dov\u00e9): p\u00e1sov\u00e9 dopravn\u00edky, \u0159et\u011bzov\u00e9 dopravn\u00edky, Archim\u00e9dovy \u0161neky, l\u017e\u00edcov\u00e9 v\u00fdtahy, pneumatick\u00e1 doprava.  <\/p>\n\n<p>P\u0159i pneumatick\u00e9 doprav\u011b, kter\u00e1 je zalo\u017eena na suspendov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010d\u00e1stic produktu ve vzduchu, m\u016f\u017ee v potrub\u00ed vzniknout ATEX. U jin\u00fdch zp\u016fsob\u016f dopravy zp\u016fsobuje syp\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdrobku na jednom konci za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a vypou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed na druh\u00e9m nebo vibrace p\u0159i doprav\u011b oblaka prachu. Pokud je za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed uzav\u0159en\u00e9, m\u016f\u017ee se ATEX tvo\u0159it uvnit\u0159 a v bl\u00edzkosti<strong> m\u00edst nakl\u00e1dky a vykl\u00e1dky<\/strong>. Pokud nen\u00ed uzav\u0159eno, hroz\u00ed ATEX v cel\u00e9m prostoru.     <\/p>\n\n<p>Sedimentace pol\u00e9tav\u00e9ho prachu vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed usazeniny. Prach se hromad\u00ed pod spot\u0159ebi\u010dem a v jeho okol\u00ed i p\u0159i pou\u017eit\u00ed krytu; ut\u011bsn\u011bn\u00ed nen\u00ed nikdy \u00fapln\u00e9. P\u0159edpisy pova\u017euj\u00ed usazeniny prachu za potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed ATEX.    <\/p>\n\n<p>Ud\u00e1losti, jako jsou z\u00e1seky a t\u0159en\u00ed mezi mechanick\u00fdmi \u010d\u00e1stmi spojen\u00e9 s poruchami za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed teplo, kter\u00e9 <strong>m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt<\/strong> zdrojem <strong>vzn\u00edcen\u00ed ATEX<\/strong>. P\u0159i pneumatick\u00e9 doprav\u011b vznik\u00e1 p\u0159i vysok\u00fdch rychlostech t\u0159en\u00ed mezi \u010d\u00e1sticemi a st\u011bnami potrub\u00ed elektrostatick\u00fd n\u00e1boj \u010d\u00e1stic a za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Elektrostatick\u00fd v\u00fdboj je \u010dasto p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou v\u00fdbuchu ATEX v takov\u00e9m za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. A kone\u010dn\u011b r\u00e1zy zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 kovov\u00fdmi nebo miner\u00e1ln\u00edmi prvky ciz\u00edmi procesu mohou zp\u016fsobit vzn\u00edcen\u00ed ATEX.   <\/p>\n\n<p>Nehodologie dopravn\u00edch proces\u016f uv\u00e1d\u00ed zejm\u00e9na: po\u017e\u00e1ry na dopravn\u00edkov\u00fdch p\u00e1sech, v\u00fdbuchy ve v\u00fdtahov\u00fdch l\u017e\u00edc\u00edch a v pneumatick\u00fdch potrub\u00edch.<\/p>\n\n<p>Opat\u0159en\u00ed proti po\u017e\u00e1ru a v\u00fdbuchu zahrnuj\u00ed :  <\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>ods\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed oblak\u016f prachu<\/strong> v m\u00edstech p\u00e1du a\/nebo v t\u011blese za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pomoc\u00ed syst\u00e9mu ods\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed prachu,  <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ods\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed prachov\u00fdch usazenin mimo spot\u0159ebi\u010d (vysava\u010d ATEX),  <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>uzemn\u011bn\u00e9, aby se zabr\u00e1nilo elektrostatick\u00fdm v\u00fdboj\u016fm,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>kontroln\u00ed n\u00e1stroje pro detekci abnorm\u00e1ln\u00edho t\u0159en\u00ed a p\u0159eh\u0159\u00e1t\u00ed.  <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong> Eliminace vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch zdroj\u016f vzn\u00edcen\u00ed<\/strong> (hork\u00e1 m\u00edsta, pr\u00e1ce atd.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Ochrana proti po\u017e\u00e1ru a v\u00fdbuchu zahrnuje :  <\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>odpojen\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, <\/strong>aby se zabr\u00e1nilo \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed po\u017e\u00e1ru,  <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Vybaven\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed<\/strong> ventila\u010dn\u00edmi otvory nebo za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edmi pro zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed tlaku, aby se sn\u00ed\u017eilo riziko v\u00fdbuchu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Skladovac\u00ed procesy a rizika v\u00fdbuchu nebo po\u017e\u00e1ru<\/h3>\n\n<p>Objemy, tvar n\u00e1dob (silo, big bag atd.), doba skladov\u00e1n\u00ed a podm\u00ednky (teplota, vlhkost atd.) se li\u0161\u00ed v z\u00e1vislosti na \u010dinnosti.  <\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Napln\u011bn\u00ed n\u00e1doby pr\u00e1\u0161kov\u00fdm produktem<\/strong> m\u016f\u017ee zp\u016fsobit ATEX t\u00edm, \u017ee se \u010d\u00e1stice suspenduj\u00ed ve vzduchu v n\u00e1dob\u011b. Pln\u011bn\u00ed nebo p\u0159eprava mohou tak\u00e9 vytv\u00e1\u0159et elektrostatick\u00e9 n\u00e1boje, kter\u00e9 se uvol\u0148uj\u00ed do vzdu\u0161n\u00e9ho prostoru n\u00e1doby. Elektrostatick\u00fd v\u00fdboj pak m\u016f\u017ee ATEX zap\u00e1lit.  <\/p>\n\n<p>P\u0159i spojen\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pro skladov\u00e1n\u00ed a p\u0159epravu produkt\u016f nen\u00ed pr\u016fchod mezi za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edmi nikdy zcela vodot\u011bsn\u00fd. \u010casem se v n\u011bm vytvo\u0159\u00ed usazeniny. Resuspenze t\u011bchto usazenin m\u016f\u017ee vytvo\u0159it ATEX.    <\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Hromadn\u00e9 skladov\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u00e1\u0161ku<\/strong> m\u016f\u017ee iniciovat samovoln\u00e9 zah\u0159\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed l\u00e1tky. To m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st ke vzn\u00edcen\u00ed v podob\u011b po\u017e\u00e1ru nebo doutnaj\u00edc\u00edho ohn\u011b, kter\u00fd n\u00e1sledn\u011b m\u016f\u017ee zap\u00e1lit bl\u00edzk\u00fd ATEX. Nehodovost proces\u016f skladov\u00e1n\u00ed ukazuje, \u017ee samovzn\u00edcen\u00ed zp\u016fsobuje v\u00edce ne\u017e 80 % po\u017e\u00e1r\u016f a m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e 10 % v\u00fdbuch\u016f.  <\/p>\n\n<p>Preventivn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed jsou :  <\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Ods\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed prachu p\u0159i pln\u011bn\u00ed,<\/strong> co nejbl\u00ed\u017ee m\u00edstu vypou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, pomoc\u00ed syst\u00e9mu ods\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed prachu.  <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>udr\u017eovat skladovac\u00ed teplotu pod kritickou teplotou nebo p\u0159izp\u016fsobit skladovac\u00ed objem m\u00edstn\u00edm teplotn\u00edm podm\u00ednk\u00e1m;  <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>zak\u00e1zat p\u0159\u00edvod vzduchu na dn\u011b z\u00e1sobn\u00edku<\/strong>, aby se omezilo ho\u0159en\u00ed,  <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>pou\u017e\u00edvat za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pro detekci CO (indik\u00e1tor nedostate\u010dn\u00e9ho okysli\u010den\u00ed) a zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed teploty (tepeln\u00e1 sonda, infra\u010derven\u00e1 kamera).  <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Ochrann\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed zahrnuj\u00ed :  <\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>inertizace n\u00e1doby <\/strong>, aby se zastavilo ho\u0159en\u00ed,  <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>instalace v\u011btrac\u00edch otvor\u016f<\/strong>, kter\u00e9 zastav\u00ed n\u00e1r\u016fst tlaku a ochr\u00e1n\u00ed skladovac\u00ed konstrukci.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Skarta\u010dn\u00ed procesy a rizika v\u00fdbuchu nebo po\u017e\u00e1ru.<\/h3>\n\n<p>Existuj\u00ed t\u0159i hlavn\u00ed procesy brou\u0161en\u00ed:  <\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong> Drcen\u00edm se stla\u010duj\u00ed produkty s<\/strong> hrubou velikost\u00ed \u010d\u00e1stic.  <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Fr\u00e9zov\u00e1n\u00ed vzduchov\u00fdm paprskem<\/strong> a \u00fab\u011brov\u00e9 mlet\u00ed rozb\u00edj\u00ed zrna produktu sr\u00e1\u017ekou na n\u011bkolik \u010d\u00e1stic. Zrnitost produktu umo\u017e\u0148uje, aby byl un\u00e1\u0161en proudem vzduchu.   <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Posledn\u00ed dva procesy z\u0159ed\u00ed pr\u00e1\u0161kov\u00fd produkt ve vzduchu takov\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem, \u017ee nehroz\u00ed nebezpe\u010d\u00ed ATEX. Naproti tomu p\u0159i drcen\u00ed vznikaj\u00ed jemn\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stice ve vzduchu. Uvnit\u0159 drti\u010de tedy existuje trval\u00e9 riziko ATEX.    <\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Drcen\u00edm se v\u00fdrobek zah\u0159\u00edv\u00e1<\/strong>. N\u011bkdy je t\u0159eba jej ochladit, aby nedo\u0161lo k samovzn\u00edcen\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na pokud je snadno oxidovateln\u00fd. Ciz\u00ed t\u011blesa, kter\u00e1 jsou odoln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u016f\u010di drcen\u00ed, mohou zv\u00fd\u0161it t\u0159en\u00ed, a t\u00edm i teplotu sousedn\u00edch \u010d\u00e1stic, co\u017e zp\u016fsob\u00ed zah\u0159\u00e1t\u00ed v\u00fdrobku a jeho vzn\u00edcen\u00ed. Mohou tak\u00e9 zp\u016fsobit jiskry o dostate\u010dn\u00e9 energii, kter\u00e9 mohou <strong>zap\u00e1lit ATEX<\/strong> a vyvolat v\u00fdbuch.     <\/p>\n\n<p>Prost\u0159edky prevence :  <\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>nainstalovat <strong>syst\u00e9m ods\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed prachu pro zachycen\u00ed jemn\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stic<\/strong>;  <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>mlet\u00ed produkt\u016f, kter\u00e9 se vzn\u00edt\u00ed p\u0159i n\u00edzk\u00e9 teplot\u011b nebo s n\u00edzkou aktiva\u010dn\u00ed energi\u00ed (10 a\u017e 100 mJ), v inertn\u00ed atmosf\u00e9\u0159e;  <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>omezit zah\u0159\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong> a zabr\u00e1nit vniknut\u00ed ciz\u00edch t\u011bles na vstup procesu (pros\u00e9v\u00e1n\u00ed, detekce kov\u016f atd.);  <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>m\u011b\u0159\u00ed teplotu a detekuje \u017ehav\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stice na v\u00fdstupu z ml\u00fdna.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Ochrann\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed :  <\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>pou\u017eijte skartova\u010dku s ochranou proti v\u00fdbuchu ATEX<\/strong>;  <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>odd\u011blit <strong>syst\u00e9m odstra\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed prachu<\/strong> od n\u00e1sypky, do kter\u00e9 je drcen\u00fd materi\u00e1l ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Proces m\u00edch\u00e1n\u00ed: nebezpe\u010d\u00ed v\u00fdbuchu a po\u017e\u00e1ru<\/h3>\n\n<p>M\u00edch\u00e1n\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee prob\u00edhat mezi pevn\u00fdmi l\u00e1tkami (such\u00e9 m\u00edch\u00e1n\u00ed) nebo <strong>mezi pevn\u00fdmi l\u00e1tkami a kapalinami<\/strong> (m\u00edch\u00e1n\u00ed v kapaln\u00e9 f\u00e1zi). M\u00edch\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159edstavuje <a href=\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/cs\/nase-rada\/proces-odstranovani-prachu-a-riziko-vybuchu-nebo-pozaru\/\">riziko po\u017e\u00e1ru nebo v\u00fdbuchu<\/a>, pokud je jeden z produkt\u016f ho\u0159lav\u00fd. <\/p>\n\n<p>Such\u00e9 m\u00edch\u00e1n\u00ed: v\u0161echny pr\u00e1\u0161kov\u00e9 l\u00e1tky se vlo\u017e\u00ed p\u0159ed zah\u00e1jen\u00edm procesu. Napln\u011bn\u00edm m\u00edcha\u010dky a n\u00e1sledn\u00fdm prom\u00edch\u00e1n\u00edm v\u00fdrobk\u016f vznik\u00e1 oblak jemn\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stic. P\u0159i obou operac\u00edch existuje <strong>mo\u017enost ATEX, pokud je l\u00e1tka ho\u0159lav\u00e1<\/strong>. Tak je tomu v plnic\u00ed n\u00e1sypce a v m\u00edchac\u00ed hlav\u011b.   <\/p>\n\n<p>Pr\u016ftok produktu sm\u011b\u0161ova\u010dem m\u016f\u017ee <strong>elektricky nab\u00edjet pevn\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stice<\/strong>. M\u016f\u017ee doj\u00edt k elektrostatick\u00e9mu v\u00fdboji, kter\u00fd vyvol\u00e1 vzn\u00edcen\u00ed oblaku pr\u00e1\u0161ku. K tomuto jevu m\u016f\u017ee doj\u00edt v hlav\u011b m\u00edcha\u010dky nebo v z\u00e1sobn\u00edku.    <\/p>\n\n<p>P\u0159i m\u00edch\u00e1n\u00ed homogenizac\u00ed v kapaln\u00e9 f\u00e1zi se pevn\u00e9 produkty zav\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed p\u0159ed kapalinami nebo naopak. V obou p\u0159\u00edpadech vznik\u00e1 p\u0159i zav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed pr\u00e1\u0161ku v\u00fd\u0161e popsan\u00e9 riziko. Zav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00e1 kapalina m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt vlastnost vzn\u00edcen\u00ed p\u0159i teplot\u011b ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e teplota okol\u00ed (nap\u0159. rozpou\u0161t\u011bdlo). Ve sm\u011b\u0161ova\u010di se vytvo\u0159\u00ed p\u00e1ra ATEX.     <\/p>\n\n<p>V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b <strong>kapaln\u00e9 sm\u011bsi, kter\u00e1 vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed ho\u0159lav\u00e9 p\u00e1ry<\/strong>, je prvn\u00edm preventivn\u00edm opat\u0159en\u00edm inertizace m\u00edcha\u010dky p\u0159ed zaveden\u00edm pr\u00e1\u0161kov\u00e9ho produktu.  <\/p>\n\n<p>I p\u0159i inertizaci a otev\u0159en\u00e9m poklopu <strong>bude z\u00e1sobn\u00edk<\/strong> p\u0159i nasyp\u00e1n\u00ed ho\u0159lav\u00e9ho pr\u00e1\u0161ku <strong>p\u0159edstavovat nebezpe\u010d\u00ed ATEX<\/strong>. Zachycen\u00ed oblaku prachu u zdroje (Pouyes\u016fv krou\u017eek) je preventivn\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed spole\u010dn\u00e9 pro oba procesy m\u00edch\u00e1n\u00ed.   <\/p>\n\n<p>P\u0159ed pln\u011bn\u00edm a pot\u00e9, ne\u017e je produkt vlo\u017een do n\u00e1dr\u017ee, lze n\u00e1sypku nahradit inertn\u00edm vzdu\u0161n\u00edkem. Nakonec lze pln\u011bn\u00ed a inertizaci automatizovat pomoc\u00ed vzduchov\u00e9ho uz\u00e1v\u011bru vybaven\u00e9ho automatick\u00fdmi ventily. <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Mechanick\u00e9 procesy povrchov\u00e9 \u00fapravy: rizika v\u00fdbuchu a pr\u016fmyslov\u00e1 rizika.<\/h3>\n\n<p>Mo\u0159en\u00ed, trysk\u00e1n\u00ed, le\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, p\u00edskov\u00e1n\u00ed&#8230; v\u0161echny zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed jinou povrchovou \u00fapravu, ale v\u0161echny jsou v\u00fdsledkem vyst\u0159elov\u00e1n\u00ed abrazivn\u00edch zrn, obvykle pomoc\u00ed stla\u010den\u00e9ho proudu. Tato zrna odtrh\u00e1vaj\u00ed jemn\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stice z upravovan\u00e9ho povrchu a z\u00e1rove\u0148 se pod n\u00e1razem \u0161t\u011bp\u00ed. Nejjemn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1stice z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed zav\u011b\u0161eny ve vzduchu.  <\/p>\n\n<p>Proces prob\u00edh\u00e1 v uzav\u0159en\u00e9m prostoru. Pokud <strong>je povrch nebo o\u0161et\u0159ovan\u00fd materi\u00e1l ho\u0159lav\u00fd<\/strong>, m\u016f\u017ee se v uzav\u0159en\u00e9m prostoru vytvo\u0159it oblak jemn\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stic ATEX. Hroz\u00ed tedy nebezpe\u010d\u00ed v\u00fdbuchu. Nejt\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00ed zrna se shroma\u017e\u010fuj\u00ed v n\u00e1sypce. Pokud se teplo vznikl\u00e9 n\u00e1razem na povrch udr\u017e\u00ed v zrnech, jejich nahromad\u011bn\u00ed v n\u00e1sypce povede k samovoln\u00e9mu zah\u0159\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed s rizikem po\u017e\u00e1ru.    <\/p>\n\n<p>Prevence spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v instalaci ods\u00e1vac\u00edho syst\u00e9mu p\u0159ipojen\u00e9ho k <a href=\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/cs\/produits\/depoussiereurs-industriels\/\">pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9mu odlu\u010dova\u010di prachu <\/a>, kter\u00fd udr\u017euje v krytu n\u00edzk\u00fd tlak a zachycuje oblak jemn\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stic; k syst\u00e9mu zachycov\u00e1n\u00ed se p\u0159ipoj\u00ed detektor jisker.<\/p>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/mobex3-1024x576.png\" alt=\"Odlu&#x10D;ova&#x10D; prachu\" class=\"wp-image-27509\" srcset=\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/mobex3-1024x576.png 1024w, https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/mobex3-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/mobex3-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/mobex3.png 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Procesy povrchov\u00e9 \u00fapravy a rizika v\u00fdbuchu a po\u017e\u00e1ru.<\/h3>\n\n<p>P\u0159i <strong>n\u011bkter\u00fdch procesech nan\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed n\u00e1t\u011brov\u00fdch hmot<\/strong> se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed pevn\u00e9 pr\u00e1\u0161kov\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky. P\u0159i tom se v\u00fdrobek zav\u011bs\u00ed do proudu stla\u010den\u00e9ho vzduchu a nast\u0159\u00edk\u00e1 se na o\u0161et\u0159ovan\u00fd povrch. Tato operace se prov\u00e1d\u00ed ve speci\u00e1ln\u00ed kabin\u011b. Po t\u00e9to operaci obvykle n\u00e1sleduje vytvrzen\u00ed n\u00e1t\u011brov\u00e9 vrstvy.     <\/p>\n\n<p>V z\u00e1vislosti na st\u0159\u00edkan\u00e9m v\u00fdrobku <strong>zahrnuje proces lakov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong> (taviteln\u00fd nebo polymerizovateln\u00fd organick\u00fd pr\u00e1\u0161ek), vlo\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed (vl\u00e1knit\u00fd organick\u00fd pr\u00e1\u0161ek) nebo metalizaci \u017e\u00e1rov\u00fdm n\u00e1st\u0159ikem nebo st\u0159\u00edk\u00e1n\u00edm (hlin\u00edkov\u00fd, zinkov\u00fd nebo m\u011bd\u011bn\u00fd pr\u00e1\u0161ek).  <\/p>\n\n<p>\u010c\u00e1st post\u0159iku nedopadne na povrch a rozpt\u00fdl\u00ed se do vzduchu. ATEX se tvo\u0159\u00ed hlavn\u011b ve sprejov\u00e9m ku\u017eelu. Pro zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnosti d\u00e1v\u00e1 st\u0159\u00edkac\u00ed pistole zrnk\u016fm pr\u00e1\u0161ku elektrick\u00fd n\u00e1boj opa\u010dn\u00fd, ne\u017e je elektrick\u00fd n\u00e1boj o\u0161et\u0159ovan\u00e9ho povrchu. Elektrostatick\u00e1 s\u00edla je p\u0159itahuje k povrchu, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 b\u00fdt nat\u0159en. Po poru\u0161e m\u016f\u017ee doj\u00edt k <strong>elektrostatick\u00e9mu v\u00fdboji<\/strong> mezi elektrodami st\u0159\u00edkac\u00ed pistole a za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm nebo o\u0161et\u0159ovan\u00fdm povrchem. Riziko v\u00fdbuchu je t\u00edm v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed, \u010d\u00edm jemn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je granulometrie. V\u00fdbuch m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt za n\u00e1sledek po\u017e\u00e1r. Krom\u011b toho m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159edeh\u0159\u00e1t\u00ed o\u0161et\u0159ovan\u00e9ho povrchu a bl\u00edzkost vytvrzovac\u00ed pece vyvolat vzn\u00edcen\u00ed v\u00fdrobku.       <\/p>\n\n<p>Opat\u0159en\u00ed proti po\u017e\u00e1ru a v\u00fdbuchu pro pr\u00e1\u0161kov\u00e9 lakov\u00e1n\u00ed jsou n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed:  <\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>zachycen\u00ed zdroje<\/strong> pomoc\u00ed odlu\u010dova\u010de prachu,  <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>pou\u017eit\u00ed zbran\u00ed<\/strong> p\u0159izp\u016fsoben\u00fdch minim\u00e1ln\u00ed z\u00e1paln\u00e9 energii prachu,  <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>detekce plamen\u016f<\/strong> v kabin\u011b.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Mnoho pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 ho\u0159lav\u00e9 pr\u00e1\u0161kov\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky nebo produkuje ho\u0159lav\u00fd prach. Provoz t\u011bchto v\u00fdrobn\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f p\u0159edstavuje riziko po\u017e\u00e1ru a v\u00fdbuchu. Tato rizika vypl\u00fdvaj\u00ed z vlastnost\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch v\u00fdrobk\u016f a proces\u016f. Proto pr\u00e1vn\u00ed p\u0159edpisy t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se bezpe\u010dnosti pracovn\u00edk\u016f a ochrany \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed vy\u017eaduj\u00ed, aby podniky instalovaly vhodn\u00e9 preventivn\u00ed a ochrann\u00e9 prost\u0159edky. Nejb\u011b\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edm preventivn\u00edm opat\u0159en\u00edm je kontrola suspenze \u010d\u00e1stic a jejich koncentrace v okoln\u00edm vzduchu nebo v za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Toho se dosahuje pomoc\u00ed ods\u00e1vac\u00edch a filtra\u010dn\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f ur\u010den\u00fdch k odstra\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed prachu z proces\u016f.     <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":81661,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"none","_seopress_titles_title":"Pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 procesy a prevence rizik v\u00fdbuchu","_seopress_titles_desc":"Pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 procesy a prevence rizik v\u00fdbuchu jsou velmi d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 pro u\u010den\u00ed se, jak chr\u00e1nit zam\u011bstnance a z\u00e1rove\u0148 dodr\u017eovat z\u00e1kon\u00edk pr\u00e1ce.","_seopress_robots_index":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[310],"tags":[113],"class_list":["post-40734","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nase-rady","tag-entete-male","generate-columns","tablet-grid-50","mobile-grid-100","grid-parent","grid-50","no-featured-image-padding","resize-featured-image"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40734","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=40734"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40734\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":82123,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40734\/revisions\/82123"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/81661"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=40734"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=40734"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=40734"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}