{"id":40968,"date":"2023-12-12T12:13:01","date_gmt":"2023-12-12T10:13:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/non-classifiee\/prumyslove-odprasovaci-technologie\/"},"modified":"2025-04-15T11:11:13","modified_gmt":"2025-04-15T09:11:13","slug":"technologies-depoussierage-industriel","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/cs\/nase-rady\/technologies-depoussierage-industriel\/","title":{"rendered":"Pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 odpra\u0161ovac\u00ed technologie"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Existuj\u00ed dva <strong>hlavn\u00ed typy odlu\u010dova\u010d\u016f prachu<\/strong>: such\u00e9 a mokr\u00e9. Such\u00fd zp\u016fsob zahrnuje odlu\u010dova\u010de prachu s filtra\u010dn\u00ed vrstvou (s\u00e1\u010dkov\u00e9 filtry, kapsy, kazety), mechanick\u00e9 (cyklony) a elektrostatick\u00e9 (elektrostatick\u00e9 odlu\u010dova\u010de); mokr\u00fd zp\u016fsob zahrnuje skrubery, Venturiho skrubery, bublinkov\u00e9 kolony a mokr\u00e9 elektrostatick\u00e9 odlu\u010dova\u010de. <a href=\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/cs\/nase-rady\/depoussiereur-fixe-mobile-central-local-quels-criteres\/\">V\u00fdb\u011br odlu\u010dova\u010de prachu<\/a> z\u00e1vis\u00ed na<strong> o\u010dek\u00e1van\u00e9m v\u00fdkonu<\/strong>, rozpo\u010dtov\u00fdch omezen\u00edch a pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch procesech, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed b\u00fdt odpra\u0161ov\u00e1ny, zejm\u00e9na na velikosti emitovan\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stic.  <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Filtra\u010dn\u00ed vrstvy odlu\u010dova\u010d\u016f prachu (s\u00e1\u010dkov\u00e9 filtry, kapsy, kazety)<\/h2>\n\n<p>Princip: pra\u0161n\u00fd vzduch proch\u00e1z\u00ed por\u00e9zn\u00edm filtra\u010dn\u00edm m\u00e9diem a zadr\u017euje v\u0161echny \u010d\u00e1stice v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e je p\u00f3rovitost m\u00e9dia.  <\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 ze sk\u0159\u00edn\u011b s n\u00e1sypkou pro zachyt\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed prachu v jej\u00ed spodn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti<\/strong>. Keson obsahuje \u0159ady (vertik\u00e1ln\u00ed nebo horizont\u00e1ln\u00ed) filtra\u010dn\u00edch prvk\u016f (s\u00e1\u010dk\u016f, kapes, kazet), kter\u00fdmi proch\u00e1z\u00ed proud pra\u0161n\u00e9ho vzduchu. Na vstupu do pl\u00e9na vzduch nejprve naraz\u00ed na deflektor. Ten setrva\u010dn\u00fdm n\u00e1razem odd\u011bl\u00ed z proudu vzduchu nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1stice, kter\u00e9 pak padaj\u00ed do z\u00e1sobn\u00edku.     <\/p>\n\n<p>Zbyl\u00fd prach se pak usazuje na povrchu filtra\u010dn\u00edho m\u00e9dia. Proud vzduchu vych\u00e1z\u00ed z filtra\u010dn\u00ed vrstvy tvo\u0159en\u00e9 por\u00e9zn\u00edmi st\u011bnami filtra\u010dn\u00edch prvk\u016f zbaven\u00fd prachu. Pr\u016fb\u011b\u017en\u011b usazen\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stice aglomeruj\u00ed a vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed vrstvu, kter\u00e1 p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 k filtraci vzduchu: filtra\u010dn\u00ed kol\u00e1\u010d. Filtra\u010dn\u00ed kol\u00e1\u010d zvy\u0161uje \u00fa\u010dinnost zachycov\u00e1n\u00ed prachu. Na druhou stranu <strong>zvy\u0161uje tlakovou ztr\u00e1tu<\/strong> (zanesen\u00ed se m\u011b\u0159\u00ed rozd\u00edlem statick\u00e9ho tlaku p\u0159ed a za filtra\u010dn\u00edm m\u00e9diem). To vy\u017eaduje: bu\u010f v\u00fdm\u011bnu filtra\u010dn\u00edho m\u00e9dia (jednor\u00e1zov\u00fd pap\u00edr, pls\u0165 atd.), nebo pravideln\u00e9 odcp\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed (zapnut\u00ed nebo vypnut\u00ed) za \u00fa\u010delem regenerace filtra\u010dn\u00edho m\u00e9dia.     <\/p>\n\n<p>Obecn\u011b plat\u00ed, \u017ee pro zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed kontinuity provozu se \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed prov\u00e1d\u00ed automaticky a postupn\u011b na <strong>\u010d\u00e1sti filtra\u010dn\u00edho m\u00e9dia<\/strong>, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e druh\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st pokra\u010duje ve filtraci. Naproti tomu ru\u010dn\u00ed odstra\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed zanesen\u00ed vy\u017eaduje z\u00e1sah na konci procesu, nebo dokonce jeho \u00fapln\u00e9 zastaven\u00ed. Dobu trv\u00e1n\u00ed zanesen\u00ed filtru do dosa\u017een\u00ed kritick\u00e9ho poklesu tlaku mus\u00ed b\u00fdt mo\u017en\u00e9 sladit s dobou trv\u00e1n\u00ed procesu.  <\/p>\n\n<p>Hlavn\u00ed metody \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed filtra\u010dn\u00edch prvk\u016f jsou :<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong> Mechanick\u00e9 t\u0159ep\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong>, kter\u00e9 zp\u016fsob\u00ed vlnu deformace v tkanin\u011b s\u00e1\u010dk\u016f a zp\u016fsob\u00ed pokles filtra\u010dn\u00edho kol\u00e1\u010de.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Odcp\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed obr\u00e1cen\u00edm proud\u011bn\u00ed vzduchu uvnit\u0159 p\u00f3r\u016f filtra\u010dn\u00edho m\u00e9dia<\/strong>. Prov\u00e1d\u00ed se automaticky po uplynut\u00ed nastaven\u00e9ho limitu poklesu tlaku nebo nastaven\u00e9 doby. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Pneumatick\u00e9 \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed s\u00e1\u010dk\u016f vst\u0159ikov\u00e1n\u00edm stla\u010den\u00e9ho vzduchu <\/strong>(jet-pulse), kter\u00e9 na okam\u017eik p\u016fsob\u00ed proti filtraci a zved\u00e1 prach z filtru. Nev\u00fdhodou je op\u011btovn\u00e9 vzedmut\u00ed prachu, jeho\u017e \u010d\u00e1st se usazuje na sousedn\u00edch m\u00e9di\u00edch; proto se k omezen\u00ed tohoto jevu pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed skupin prvk\u016f.   <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p><strong> S\u00e1\u010dkov\u00e9 filtry<\/strong> vy\u017eaduj\u00ed n\u00edzkou rychlost filtrace, aby se zachovala regenerace filtru. P\u0159i \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed za provozu nesm\u00ed b\u00fdt vzestupn\u00e1 rychlost proud\u011bn\u00ed v rozporu s rychlost\u00ed sedimentace \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stic. Rychlost filtrace se pohybuje mezi 0,6 a 6 cm\/s v z\u00e1vislosti na \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9m prachu a plynu a typu filtra\u010dn\u00edho m\u00e9dia. Rychlost filtrace nebo filtra\u010dn\u00ed rychlost se tak\u00e9 vyjad\u0159uje v m3\/h.m\u00b2.   <\/p>\n\n<p>Filtra\u010dn\u00ed m\u00e9dia maj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 struktury: tkaniny, pls\u0165, kompozity, membr\u00e1ny a keramika. Vyr\u00e1b\u011bj\u00ed se ze syntetick\u00fdch (PET, nylon), miner\u00e1ln\u00edch (sklo) nebo organick\u00fdch (celul\u00f3za) materi\u00e1l\u016f.<strong> Tato vl\u00e1kna jsou upravov\u00e1na za \u00fa\u010delem zlep\u0161en\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00fdch vlastnost\u00ed<\/strong>: chemick\u00e9 odolnosti, vodivosti, hydrofobicity, oleofobicity, p\u0159ilnavosti, sm\u00e1\u010divosti atd.    <\/p>\n\n<p>Volba filtra\u010dn\u00edho prvku z\u00e1vis\u00ed na koncentraci prachu v proudu, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 b\u00fdt \u010di\u0161t\u011bn, na povaze prachu, slo\u017een\u00ed plyn\u016f, po\u017eadovan\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinnosti, zp\u016fsobu \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, teplotn\u00ed odolnosti a ekonomick\u00fdch omezen\u00edch.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>\u00da\u010dinnost zachycov\u00e1n\u00ed prachu v odlu\u010dova\u010di<\/strong> je nejni\u017e\u0161\u00ed pro \u010d\u00e1stice o pr\u016fm\u011bru 0,1 a\u017e 0,5 \u00b5m (p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 velk\u00e9 na to, aby byly zachyceny difuz\u00ed, a p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 mal\u00e9 na to, aby byly zachyceny impakc\u00ed nebo intercepc\u00ed). P\u0159i velikosti 0,1 \u00b5m je \u00fa\u010dinnost 95 %. Nad 0,5 \u00b5m je to v\u00edce ne\u017e 99 %. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pot\u0159eby lze p\u0159idat bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed filtra\u010dn\u00ed stupe\u0148 HEPA H13 nebo H14, pokud jsou dosahovan\u00e9 koncentrace emis\u00ed obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b n\u00edzk\u00e9.   <\/p>\n\n<p>Tato technika odpr\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed dosahuje <strong>vysok\u00e9 \u00farovn\u011b separace<\/strong> a je vhodn\u00e1 pro \u0161irok\u00fd rozsah koncentrac\u00ed emis\u00ed prachu. Technologie filtra\u010dn\u00ed vrstvy je v pr\u016fmyslu nejroz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pro odlu\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed plyn\u016f a pevn\u00fdch l\u00e1tek, proto\u017ee s\u00e1\u010dkov\u00e9 nebo kazetov\u00e9 odlu\u010dova\u010de prachu kombinuj\u00ed dobrou \u00fa\u010dinnost s atraktivn\u00edmi provozn\u00edmi n\u00e1klady. <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Mechanick\u00e9 odlu\u010dova\u010de prachu: cyklony, dekant\u00e9ry<\/h2>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cyklony<\/h3>\n\n<p>Jak to <strong>funguje<\/strong>: pra\u0161n\u00fd vzduch se ot\u00e1\u010d\u00ed v cyklonu; odst\u0159ediv\u00e1 s\u00edla tla\u010d\u00ed prach proti st\u011bn\u011b, kde se shlukuje a usazuje v z\u00e1sobn\u00edku. Vy\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00fd vzduch stoup\u00e1 st\u0159edem cyklonu k v\u00fdstupu naho\u0159e. <\/p>\n\n<p>Odlu\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed prachu je o to \u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, kdy\u017e :<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong> polom\u011br cyklonu je mal\u00fd <\/strong>(zvy\u0161uje odst\u0159edivou s\u00edlu).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong> koncentrace \u010d\u00e1stic je vysok\u00e1<\/strong> (co\u017e podporuje jejich aglomeraci).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>hustota \u010d\u00e1stic je vysok\u00e1<\/strong> (rychlej\u0161\u00ed cesta ke st\u011bn\u011b).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>teplota proud\u00edc\u00edho vzduchu je n\u00edzk\u00e1<\/strong> (sni\u017euje viskozitu plynu, zvy\u0161uje cyklon\u00e1ln\u00ed efekt).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Vysok\u00fd pr\u016ftok vzduchu na vstupu do cyklonu pom\u00e1h\u00e1 zachycovat jemn\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stice.<\/p>\n\n<p>Cyklony nespl\u0148uj\u00ed p\u0159edpisy o zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed ovzdu\u0161\u00ed. Obvykle se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed jako <a href=\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/cs\/produits\/depoussiereurs-industriels\/\">prim\u00e1rn\u00ed odlu\u010dova\u010de prachu <\/a>nebo p\u0159edsepar\u00e1tory <strong>hrub\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stic nebo nap\u0159\u00edklad strusky<\/strong>. D\u00edky sv\u00e9 n\u00edzk\u00e9 cen\u011b a jednoduchosti jsou pro tento \u00fa\u010del ide\u00e1ln\u00ed. Cyklony se vol\u00ed pro sb\u011br \u010d\u00e1stic o velikosti \u0159\u00e1dov\u011b 10 \u03bcm a v\u00edce.     <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Karafy<\/h3>\n\n<p>Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1stice se p\u0159edem odd\u011bl\u00ed dekantac\u00ed v uzav\u0159en\u00e9m prostoru (expanzn\u00ed box, dekanta\u010dn\u00ed komora). \u010c\u00e1stice v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 30 \u00b5m lze dekantovat p\u0159i rychlosti 5 m\/s prachem zat\u00ed\u017een\u00e9ho vzduchu. <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Mokr\u00e9 odlu\u010dova\u010de prachu: skrubery, Venturiho trubice, bublinkov\u00e9 kolony<\/h2>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"576\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/na-k-576x1024.jpg\" alt=\"na k\" class=\"wp-image-26793\" style=\"width:303px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/na-k-576x1024.jpg 576w, https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/na-k-169x300.jpg 169w, https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/na-k-768x1365.jpg 768w, https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/na-k-864x1536.jpg 864w, https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/na-k-1152x2048.jpg 1152w, https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/na-k-scaled.jpg 1440w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 576px) 100vw, 576px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n<p>Jak to funguje: <strong>pra\u0161n\u00fd vzduch se dostane do kontaktu s prac\u00ed kapalinou<\/strong>.  <\/p>\n\n<p>Hled\u00e1me sm\u00e1\u010dec\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinek \u010d\u00e1stice. Up\u0159ednost\u0148ujeme kontakt mezi kapalinou a prachem:   <\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>nebo kondenzac\u00ed par v okol\u00ed \u010d\u00e1stice,  <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>nebo p\u0159id\u00e1n\u00edm povrchov\u011b aktivn\u00edch l\u00e1tek, aby se prach p\u0159ichytil ke kapce kapaliny.  <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p><strong>Odpra\u0161ovan\u00fd vzduch se od prachov\u00e9 kapaliny odd\u011bluje<\/strong> odst\u0159e\u010fov\u00e1n\u00edm nebo setrva\u010dnost\u00ed. \u010c\u00edm je sm\u011bs hust\u0161\u00ed nebo \u010d\u00edm jsou kapi\u010dky men\u0161\u00ed (ani\u017e by byly p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 jemn\u00e9 na to, aby se odd\u011blily od vzduchu), t\u00edm v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed je odlou\u010den\u00ed prachu.   <\/p>\n\n<p>Ve skruberu vzduch cirkuluje zdola nahoru a rozpra\u0161ova\u010de vyst\u0159ikuj\u00ed kapky vody proti proudu.<\/p>\n\n<p>Venturiho trubice<strong>zrychluje rychlost vzduchu s <\/strong>prachem, zat\u00edmco konvergentn\u00ed difuzor zvy\u0161uje n\u00e1raz mezi \u010d\u00e1sticemi a kapkami spreje. Divergentn\u00ed tryska pak rychlost zpomaluje, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje shlukov\u00e1n\u00ed prachu. Nakonec proud vzduchu proch\u00e1z\u00ed cykl\u00f3nov\u00fdm odlu\u010dova\u010dem, kde se prach zachyt\u00ed odst\u0159ed\u011bn\u00edm a setrva\u010dnost\u00ed. Proud vzduchu zbaven\u00fd prachu stoup\u00e1 <strong>st\u0159edem cyklonu k centr\u00e1ln\u00edmu v\u00fdstupu v horn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti<\/strong>.   <\/p>\n\n<p>Skrubery a Venturiho skrubery jsou \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 pro \u010d\u00e1stice o velikosti 0,5 a\u017e 1 \u03bcm. Pod 0,5 \u03bcm je \u00fa\u010dinnost zachycov\u00e1n\u00ed doprov\u00e1zena v\u00fdrazn\u00fdm poklesem tlaku, a tedy vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed spot\u0159ebou energie. Zachycen\u00ed \u010d\u00e1stic v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch ne\u017e jeden mikrometr se v\u0161ak zvy\u0161uje s koncentrac\u00ed prachu.  <\/p>\n\n<p><strong>\u00da\u010dinnost zachycov\u00e1n\u00ed se tak\u00e9 zvy\u0161uje s pr\u016ftokem vody a vzduchu<\/strong>. T\u00edm se n\u00e1sob\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobnost kontaktu pra\u0161n\u00e9ho vzduchu s vodou. Zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bchto pr\u016ftok\u016f v hrdle Venturiho komory nav\u00edc \u00fam\u011brn\u011b zvy\u0161uje \u00fa\u010dinnost Venturiho skruber\u016f. Sb\u011br \u010d\u00e1stic je ovlivn\u011bn p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm rychlost\u00ed rozst\u0159iku vody.   <\/p>\n\n<p>A\u017e do velikosti 200 \u00b5m se p\u0159id\u00e1n\u00edm povrchov\u011b aktivn\u00ed l\u00e1tky a zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00edm v\u00fd\u0161ky kapky zlep\u0161\u00ed sb\u011br prachu pro kapky o velikosti p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 3 mm. Je to proto, \u017ee povrchov\u011b aktivn\u00ed l\u00e1tka zvy\u0161uje <strong>deformaci kapky<\/strong> p\u0159i p\u00e1du, a t\u00edm i jej\u00ed kontaktn\u00ed plochu. <\/p>\n\n<p>P\u0159evod prachu z plynn\u00e9 f\u00e1ze do kapaln\u00e9 f\u00e1ze m\u016f\u017ee ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed se such\u00fdm procesem v\u00e9st ke zna\u010dn\u00fdm n\u00e1klad\u016fm na zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed, jako\u017e i ke spot\u0159eb\u011b vody a energie. Skrubery se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed k \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edho probl\u00e9mu spojen\u00e9ho s <strong>v\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00fdmi prachy a ho\u0159lav\u00fdmi plyny<\/strong> nebo v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee se upravovan\u00fd vzduch bl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed nasycen\u00ed vodou. <\/p>\n\n<p>P\u0159i mokr\u00e9m procesu se k odstran\u011bn\u00ed prachu ze vzduchu pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed tak\u00e9 bublinkov\u00e9 kolony. Vzduch je rovnom\u011brn\u011b rozv\u00e1d\u011bn po pr\u016f\u0159ezu kolony ve form\u011b jemn\u00fdch bublinek.<strong> S rostouc\u00ed v\u00fd\u0161kou kapaliny<\/strong> se prodlu\u017euje doba, za kterou j\u00ed bublina projde.    <\/p>\n\n<p>Sn\u00ed\u017een\u00edm pr\u016ftoku vzduchu se zmen\u0161\u00ed pr\u016fm\u011br bublin a zv\u00fd\u0161\u00ed se \u00fa\u010dinnost sb\u011bru. Krom\u011b toho se tato \u00fa\u010dinnost zvy\u0161uje s: velikost\u00ed \u010d\u00e1stic mezi 1,5 a 20 \u00b5m (stabiln\u00ed nad touto velikost\u00ed, pod 1 \u00b5m: n\u00edzk\u00e1 \u00fa\u010dinnost), pou\u017eit\u00edm povrchov\u011b aktivn\u00edch l\u00e1tek, velikost\u00ed otvor\u016f pro rozvod plynu. Ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnost sb\u011bru nanometrick\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stic lze zlep\u0161it jemnost\u00ed bublin, re\u017eimem bubl\u00e1n\u00ed a p\u0159id\u00e1n\u00edm obalu pro zlep\u0161en\u00ed doby setrv\u00e1n\u00ed bublin.    <\/p>\n\n<p>Konstrukce a instalace bublinkov\u00fdch sloup\u016f je pom\u011brn\u011b jednoduch\u00e1 a relativn\u011b levn\u00e1.<strong>\u00da\u010dinnost zachycov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong> v\u0161ak<strong>z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 n\u00edzk\u00e1 ve<\/strong> srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s pytlov\u00fdmi filtry nebo elektrostatick\u00fdmi odlu\u010dova\u010di. <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Elektrostatick\u00e9 odlu\u010dova\u010de, elektrostatick\u00e9 odlu\u010dova\u010de nebo elektrostatick\u00e9 odlu\u010dova\u010de<\/h2>\n\n<p><strong> Princip sb\u011bru prachu<\/strong> spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v elektrick\u00e9m nab\u00edjen\u00ed \u010d\u00e1stic, kter\u00e9 se pak pomoc\u00ed elektrostatick\u00e9 interakce odklon\u00ed z dr\u00e1hy proudu prachu. Nabit\u00fd prach je pak nasm\u011brov\u00e1n k elektrod\u011b s opa\u010dn\u00fdm elektrick\u00fdm n\u00e1bojem, kde se aglomeruje.   <\/p>\n\n<p>Toto za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed tvo\u0159\u00ed vys\u00edlac\u00ed elektrody (\u010dasto dr\u00e1ty) a p\u0159ij\u00edmac\u00ed elektrody (desky). Na anody se p\u0159iv\u00e1d\u00ed z\u00e1porn\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed a ty emituj\u00ed elektrony do sv\u00e9ho okol\u00ed. To m\u00e1 za n\u00e1sledek ionizaci<strong> molekul plynu, kter\u00e9 se p\u0159itahov\u00e1ny katodami<\/strong> sr\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed s prachem, kter\u00fd jim stoj\u00ed v cest\u011b, a elektricky ho nab\u00edjej\u00ed. Nabit\u00fd prach je n\u00e1sledn\u011b p\u0159itahov\u00e1n k desk\u00e1m a shlukuje se. \u00da\u010dinnost filtru se udr\u017euje pravideln\u00fdm \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm desek r\u016fzn\u00fdmi technikami: vibracemi, ml\u00e1cen\u00edm, pran\u00edm. Prach se shroma\u017e\u010fuje v z\u00e1sobn\u00edku a pot\u00e9 se odv\u00e1d\u00ed.     <\/p>\n\n<p>\u00da\u010dinnost elektrick\u00e9ho <a href=\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/cs\/produits\/depoussiereurs-industriels\/fixes\/\">pevn\u00e9ho odlu\u010dova\u010de prachu<\/a> z\u00e1vis\u00ed na :<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>odporu prachu<\/strong> (<sup>106<\/sup> a\u017e<sup>1014<\/sup> \u03a9.cm).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>rychlost vzduchu<\/strong> (1 a\u017e 4 m\/s)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed chemie prachu<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong> geometrie elektrod<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Pod<sup>106<\/sup> \u03a9.cm prach, kter\u00fd se dostane ke sb\u011brn\u00e9 elektrod\u011b, snadno ztr\u00e1c\u00ed sv\u016fj elektrick\u00fd n\u00e1boj a m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt zachycen proudem vzduchu. Nad<sup>1014<\/sup> \u03a9.cm se na katod\u011b vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed izola\u010dn\u00ed vrstva, kter\u00e1 sni\u017euje \u00fa\u010dinnost filtru.<\/p>\n\n<p>Pr\u016fchod vzduchu elektrostatick\u00fdm odlu\u010dova\u010dem m\u00e1 za n\u00e1sledek n\u00edzk\u00fd pokles tlaku (50-100 Pa). Pro zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnosti elektrostatick\u00e9ho odlu\u010dova\u010de lze v z\u00e1vislosti na pr\u016fb\u011bhu procesu odstra\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed prachu um\u00edstit do s\u00e9rie n\u011bkolik elektrick\u00fdch sb\u011brn\u00fdch pol\u00ed (2 a\u017e 6). To je <strong>optim\u00e1ln\u00ed pro \u010d\u00e1stice v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 100 nm.<\/strong> Pokud jsou v\u0161ak \u010d\u00e1stice men\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 16 nm, je \u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed n\u011bkolik elektrostatick\u00fdch odlu\u010dova\u010d\u016f s jedn\u00edm polem. A pro velikost \u010d\u00e1stic 0,2 \u00b5m je minim\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnost zachycen\u00ed.   <\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Emitorov\u00e9 elektrody s mal\u00fdm pr\u016fm\u011brem<\/strong> a sb\u011brn\u00e9 elektrody s velkou plochou zvy\u0161uj\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnost zachycov\u00e1n\u00ed prachu.  <\/p>\n\n<p>Nespr\u00e1vn\u00e9 nastaven\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k pr\u016frazu elektrody, a t\u00edm k nebezpe\u010d\u00ed v\u00fdbuchu. Toto riziko \u0159e\u0161\u00ed mokr\u00fd elektrostatick\u00fd odlu\u010dova\u010d. Princip \u010dinnosti je toto\u017en\u00fd s principem \u010dinnosti such\u00e9ho elektrostatick\u00e9ho odlu\u010dova\u010de. Rozd\u00edl spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v p\u0159\u00edtomnosti mokr\u00e9ho filmu na sb\u011brn\u00fdch elektrod\u00e1ch, kter\u00fd je p\u0159iv\u00e1d\u011bn pomoc\u00ed syst\u00e9mu kapkov\u00e9 z\u00e1vlahy. Zachycov\u00e1n\u00ed    <\/p>\n\n<p><strong> Objem elektrostatick\u00e9ho odlu\u010dova\u010de je zna\u010dn\u00fd,<\/strong> stejn\u011b jako investice, kterou p\u0159edstavuje. Spot\u0159eba elektrick\u00e9 energie a pot\u0159eba kvalifikovan\u00e9ho person\u00e1lu zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed, \u017ee n\u00e1klady na jeho provoz jsou vysok\u00e9. Elektrostatick\u00e9 odlu\u010dova\u010de se doporu\u010duj\u00ed pro velk\u00e9 pr\u016ftoky plynu (80 000<sup>m3\/h<\/sup>). Pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed se hlavn\u011b v t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu, jako je ocel\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed, spalovny odpad\u016f, cement\u00e1rny a jednotky na v\u00fdrobu energie.   <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/h2>\n\n<p><strong>Odstra\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed prachu<\/strong> zahrnuje n\u011bkolik efekt\u016f, kter\u00e9 odd\u011bluj\u00ed \u010d\u00e1stice od proudu vzduchu: usazov\u00e1n\u00ed, impakci, odst\u0159e\u010fov\u00e1n\u00ed, sm\u00e1\u010den\u00ed, filtraci a elektrostatickou p\u0159ita\u017elivost. Odlu\u010dova\u010de prachu \u010dasto kombinuj\u00ed n\u011bkolik t\u011bchto \u00fa\u010dink\u016f, aby dos\u00e1hly po\u017eadovan\u00e9 \u00farovn\u011b odstran\u011bn\u00ed prachu. V z\u00e1vislosti na <strong>pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9m kontextu<\/strong> vstupuj\u00ed do hry dal\u0161\u00ed krit\u00e9ria, <strong>jako je mobilita, um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed odlu\u010dova\u010de prachu<\/strong> atd.    <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Existuj\u00ed dva hlavn\u00ed typy odlu\u010dova\u010d\u016f prachu: such\u00e9 a mokr\u00e9. Such\u00fd zp\u016fsob zahrnuje odlu\u010dova\u010de prachu s filtra\u010dn\u00ed vrstvou (s\u00e1\u010dkov\u00e9 filtry, kapsy, kazety), mechanick\u00e9 (cyklony) a elektrostatick\u00e9 (elektrostatick\u00e9 odlu\u010dova\u010de); mokr\u00fd zp\u016fsob zahrnuje skrubery, Venturiho skrubery, bublinkov\u00e9 kolony a mokr\u00e9 elektrostatick\u00e9 odlu\u010dova\u010de. Volba technologie z\u00e1vis\u00ed na o\u010dek\u00e1van\u00e9m v\u00fdkonu, rozpo\u010dtov\u00fdch omezen\u00edch a pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch procesech, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed b\u00fdt odpra\u0161ov\u00e1ny, zejm\u00e9na na velikosti emitovan\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stic.  <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":81749,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"none","_seopress_titles_title":"Pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 odpra\u0161ovac\u00ed technologie","_seopress_titles_desc":"V\u00fdb\u011br technologie z\u00e1vis\u00ed na o\u010dek\u00e1van\u00e9m v\u00fdkonu, rozpo\u010dtov\u00fdch omezen\u00edch a pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch procesech, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed b\u00fdt odpra\u0161ov\u00e1ny, zejm\u00e9na na velikosti emitovan\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stic.","_seopress_robots_index":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[310],"tags":[113],"class_list":["post-40968","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nase-rady","tag-entete-male","generate-columns","tablet-grid-50","mobile-grid-100","grid-parent","grid-50","no-featured-image-padding","resize-featured-image"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40968","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=40968"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40968\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":82346,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40968\/revisions\/82346"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/81749"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=40968"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=40968"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=40968"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}