{"id":44974,"date":"2020-11-20T16:32:55","date_gmt":"2020-11-20T14:32:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/non-classifiee\/znecisteni-ovzdusi-rizikove-faktory\/"},"modified":"2025-05-07T11:03:16","modified_gmt":"2025-05-07T09:03:16","slug":"facteurs-de-risque","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/cs\/nase-rady\/facteurs-de-risque\/","title":{"rendered":"Zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed ovzdu\u0161\u00ed: rizikov\u00e9 faktory"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Krom\u011b toho, \u017ee m\u00e1 zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed ovzdu\u0161\u00ed velmi siln\u00fd ekologick\u00fd dopad, o kter\u00e9m \u010dasto sly\u0161\u00edme v m\u00e9di\u00edch, je velmi \u0161kodliv\u00e9 pro na\u0161e zdrav\u00ed.Podle studie Dr. Roba Beelena (University of Utrecht, Nizozemsko), kter\u00e1 byla v roce 2013 publikov\u00e1na v l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9m \u010dasopise The Lancet, zvy\u0161uje zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed koncentrace PM2,5 o 5 mikrogram\u016f na metr krychlov\u00fd \u00famrtnost o 7 %.<\/p>\n\n

Pr\u016fm\u011br zne\u010di\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00edch l\u00e1tek<\/h2>\n\n

V\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e1 tabulka uv\u00e1d\u00ed pr\u016fm\u011brnou velikost r\u016fzn\u00fdch zne\u010di\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00edch l\u00e1tek. \u010c\u00edm hrub\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1stice, t\u00edm v\u00edce se jim t\u011blo br\u00e1n\u00ed, a naopak \u010d\u00edm jemn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1stice, t\u00edm v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed rizika. <\/p>\n\n

Existuj\u00ed dva typy \u010d\u00e1stic. \u010c\u00e1stice o pr\u016fm\u011bru v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm ne\u017e 10 \u00b5m, kter\u00e9 jsou viditeln\u00e9 pouh\u00fdm okem, zejm\u00e9na za slune\u010dn\u00fdch dn\u016f, a \u010d\u00e1stice men\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e PM 10, kter\u00e9 jsou okem neviditeln\u00e9. Ty tvo\u0159\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161inu prachu a jsou tak\u00e9 nejnebezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Nav\u00edc d\u00edky sv\u00e9 n\u00edzk\u00e9 hmotnosti podl\u00e9haj\u00ed vzdu\u0161n\u00fdm proud\u016fm a velmi snadno se rozptyluj\u00ed. Do t\u00e9to kategorie spadaj\u00ed v\u0161echny aerosoly. <\/p>\n\n

\"4<\/figure>\n\n

Granulometrie prachu a jej\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinky<\/h2>\n\n

V\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00fd diagram ukazuje \u00farove\u0148 pronik\u00e1n\u00ed \u010d\u00e1stic do t\u011bla v z\u00e1vislosti na jejich pr\u016fm\u011bru. \u010c\u00edm jsou jemn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, t\u00edm hloub\u011bji se v t\u011ble usazuj\u00ed a t\u00edm obt\u00ed\u017en\u011bji se vylu\u010duj\u00ed. <\/p>\n\n

T\u011blo m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159irozen\u011b vyka\u0161l\u00e1vat prach d\u00edky plicn\u00edm \u0159asink\u00e1m. Ty posunou \u010d\u00e1stice d\u00e1le do tr\u00e1vic\u00edho traktu a vylou\u010d\u00ed je tr\u00e1ven\u00edm. N\u011bkter\u00e9 skupiny obyvatel jsou v\u0161ak zraniteln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Nap\u0159\u00edklad ku\u0159\u00e1ci maj\u00ed podstatn\u011b m\u00e9n\u011b plicn\u00edch \u0159asinek, tak\u017ee jim vylu\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010d\u00e1stic trv\u00e1 d\u00e9le. Astmatici jsou na zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 ovzdu\u0161\u00ed citliv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed… <\/p>\n\n

Jedn\u00edm z nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch faktor\u016f toxicity prachov\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stic je biologick\u00e1 perzistence: doba, za kterou t\u011blo prach vylou\u010d\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

Dal\u0161\u00edm faktorem je PM 1. Tyto \u010d\u00e1stice jsou tak jemn\u00e9, \u017ee proch\u00e1zej\u00ed plicn\u00edmi alveoly a migruj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edmo do krevn\u00edho ob\u011bhu. Jedn\u00e1 se zejm\u00e9na o cigaretov\u00fd kou\u0159, viry, pesticidy atd. <\/p>\n\n

\"4<\/figure>\n\n

Doba sedimentace<\/h2>\n\n

V\u0161echny \u010d\u00e1stice se sr\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b ultrajemn\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stic v\u0161ak m\u016f\u017ee trvat n\u011bkolik dn\u00ed, ne\u017e se usad\u00ed na zemi. <\/p>\n\n

O rychlosti usazov\u00e1n\u00ed prachu rozhoduje jeho hmotnost a hustota. \u010c\u00edm ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed je hmotnost, t\u00edm d\u00e9le trv\u00e1, ne\u017e se vysr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed, a t\u00edm citliv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je na proud\u011bn\u00ed vzduchu. <\/p>\n\n

Pokud bychom tedy teoreticky cht\u011bli po\u010dkat, a\u017e se v\u0161echen prach usad\u00ed, museli bychom na 15 dn\u00ed \u00fapln\u011b zastavit pr\u00e1ci. Proto\u017ee se tak t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nikdy nestane, nejjemn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1stice v\u017edy z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed v suspenzi a koncentruj\u00ed se. <\/p>\n\n

\"4<\/figure>\n\n

P\u0159e\u010dt\u011bte si n\u00e1\u0161 \u010dl\u00e1nek v\u011bnovan\u00fd prachu a rozpou\u0161t\u011bdl\u016fm v pr\u016fmyslu<\/a> a tak\u00e9 kompletn\u00edho pr\u016fvodce pr\u016fmyslovou \u00fapravou vzduchu<\/a>. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed ovzdu\u0161\u00ed je velmi \u0161kodliv\u00e9 pro na\u0161e zdrav\u00ed. Podle studie, kterou provedl Dr. Rob Beelen v Nizozemsku v roce 2013, zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed koncentrace PM2,5 o 5 mikrogram\u016f na metr krychlov\u00fd zvy\u0161uje \u00famrtnost o 7 %. Zjist\u011bte v\u00edce informac\u00ed o rizikov\u00fdch faktorech spojen\u00fdch se zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":99233,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"none","_seopress_titles_title":"Zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed ovzdu\u0161\u00ed: rizikov\u00e9 faktory pro zdrav\u00ed","_seopress_titles_desc":"Krom\u011b toho, \u017ee m\u00e1 zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed ovzdu\u0161\u00ed velmi siln\u00fd ekologick\u00fd dopad, o kter\u00e9m \u010dasto sly\u0161\u00edme v m\u00e9di\u00edch, je velmi \u0161kodliv\u00e9 pro na\u0161e zdrav\u00ed.","_seopress_robots_index":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[310],"tags":[113],"class_list":["post-44974","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nase-rady","tag-entete-male","generate-columns","tablet-grid-50","mobile-grid-100","grid-parent","grid-50","no-featured-image-padding","resize-featured-image"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/44974","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=44974"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/44974\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":99616,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/44974\/revisions\/99616"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/99233"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=44974"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=44974"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=44974"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}