{"id":46594,"date":"2020-05-01T17:32:40","date_gmt":"2020-05-01T15:32:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/non-classifiee\/pripadova-studie-odsavani-svarecskych-dymu\/"},"modified":"2025-06-27T15:24:03","modified_gmt":"2025-06-27T13:24:03","slug":"aspiration-de-fumees-de-soudages","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/cs\/nase-rady\/aspiration-de-fumees-de-soudages\/","title":{"rendered":"P\u0159\u00edpadov\u00e1 studie: Ods\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u00e1\u0159e\u010dsk\u00e9ho d\u00fdmu"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Spole\u010dnost OberA dodala v\u00fdrobci velk\u00fdch stroj\u016f pr\u016fmyslovou \u010disti\u010dku vzduchu ePur100<\/a>, kter\u00e1 chr\u00e1n\u00ed obsluhu p\u0159ed sv\u00e1\u0159e\u010dsk\u00fdmi v\u00fdpary. Proto\u017ee oper\u00e1to\u0159i byli \u010dasto mobiln\u00ed a ve vzduchu, m\u011bli ji\u017e ods\u00e1vac\u00ed sv\u00edtilny. Pot\u00e9 jsme je p\u0159idali k v\u00fdkonu za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed ePur100, aby zachytilo zbytek sv\u00e1\u0159e\u010dsk\u00fdch v\u00fdpar\u016f v prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Ohlasy obsluhy byly uspokojiv\u00e9, proto\u017ee se ji\u017e nemus\u00ed ob\u00e1vat zdravotn\u00edch probl\u00e9m\u016f. <\/p>\n\n

Co byste m\u011bli v\u011bd\u011bt o sv\u00e1\u0159e\u010dsk\u00fdch v\u00fdparech<\/h2>\n\n

D\u00fdmy ze sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed kov\u016f mohou b\u00fdt pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 pro zdrav\u00ed obsluhy a mohou zp\u016fsobovat nemoci z povol\u00e1n\u00ed v z\u00e1vislosti na jejich slo\u017een\u00ed, koncentraci a dob\u011b trv\u00e1n\u00ed expozice. Rizika se t\u00fdkaj\u00ed nejen sv\u00e1\u0159e\u010d\u016f, ale i okoln\u00edch pracovn\u00edk\u016f. Preventivn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed jsou zalo\u017eena na pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed kolektivn\u00edch a individu\u00e1ln\u00edch ochrann\u00fdch prost\u0159edk\u016f. <\/p>\n\n

Co je to sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed?<\/h2>\n\n
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P\u0159i spojov\u00e1n\u00ed kovov\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed, zn\u00e1m\u00e9m tak\u00e9 jako sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed kov\u016f, vznikaj\u00ed sv\u00e1\u0159e\u010dsk\u00e9 d\u00fdmy. Ty vznikaj\u00ed zah\u0159\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm okraj\u016f r\u016fzn\u00fdch kov\u016f na teplotu t\u00e1n\u00ed pomoc\u00ed zdroje energie. Sm\u011bs z\u00e1kladn\u00edho kovu a p\u0159\u00eddavn\u00e9ho kovu se z\u0159ed\u00ed a vytvo\u0159\u00ed se svarov\u00e1 kuli\u010dka nebo spoj. Sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed kov\u016f lze prov\u00e1d\u011bt na v\u0161ech kovov\u00fdch materi\u00e1lech. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lze pou\u017e\u00edt \u0159adu sva\u0159ovac\u00edch postup\u016f, kter\u00e9 se d\u011bl\u00ed na ru\u010dn\u00ed, poloautomatick\u00e9 a automatick\u00e9. Nej\u010dast\u011bji pou\u017e\u00edvanou technikou ve firm\u00e1ch je sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed elektrick\u00fdm obloukem, ale existuj\u00ed i dal\u0161\u00ed, nap\u0159\u00edklad odporov\u00e9, plynov\u00e9, mechanick\u00e9 a sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed s vysokou hustotou energie. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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\"SVÁŘEČSKÉ<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n

Jak\u00e9 nebezpe\u010d\u00ed p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed sv\u00e1\u0159e\u010dsk\u00e9 v\u00fdpary?<\/h2>\n\n

Vzhledem k vysok\u00fdm teplot\u00e1m dosahuj\u00edc\u00edm bod\u016f t\u00e1n\u00ed se p\u0159i v\u0161ech sva\u0159ovac\u00edch procesech uvol\u0148uj\u00ed potenci\u00e1ln\u011b \u0161kodliv\u00e9 v\u00fdpary. Tyto v\u00fdpary mohou vdechovat sv\u00e1\u0159e\u010di i kolemjdouc\u00ed ve v\u00fdrobn\u00edch budov\u00e1ch. V z\u00e1vislosti na procesu se tyto v\u00fdpary m\u00eds\u00ed s hork\u00fdm vzduchem a vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed plyny a prach v r\u016fzn\u00e9m pom\u011bru. Velikost t\u011bchto prach\u016f je men\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 1 mikrometr. Vzhledem ke sv\u00e9 velmi mal\u00e9 velikosti mohou tyto prachy dos\u00e1hnout alveol\u00e1rn\u00ed z\u00f3ny d\u00fdchac\u00edho syst\u00e9mu. <\/p>\n\n

Sv\u00e1\u0159ec\u00ed v\u00fdpary proto mohou zp\u016fsobit otravu a v\u00e9st k akutn\u00edm nebo chronick\u00fdm zdravotn\u00edm pot\u00ed\u017e\u00edm. Hlavn\u00ed \u0161kodliviny obsa\u017een\u00e9 v kou\u0159i jsou n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed: <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\t\n\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t
<\/td>Polluants<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Irritants, toxiques ou allergisants<\/td>L\u2019antimoine, le cuivre, le nickel, les fluorures, le mangan\u00e8se, le titane, le zinc, le b\u00e9ryllium, le magn\u00e9sium, l\u2019aluminium, le molybd\u00e8ne, le plomb, le vanadium, le zirconium, le baryum et le chrome<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Irritants<\/td>L\u2019ald\u00e9hyde formique, l\u2019ozone, le phosg\u00e8ne et le dioxyde d\u2019azote <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Toxiques <\/td>Le cyanure d\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne, le monoxyde de carbone et le monoxyde d\u2019azote<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Fibrose pulmonaire<\/td>Le cobalt et le b\u00e9ryllium<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Surcharge pulmonaire<\/td>L\u2019aluminium, la silice amorphe, le fer, l\u2019\u00e9tain et le titane<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Potentiellement canc\u00e9rig\u00e8ne <\/td>Le b\u00e9ryllium, le cobalt, le chrome VI, le nickel et l\u2019ald\u00e9hyde formique <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n

Po vdechnut\u00ed sv\u00e1\u0159e\u010dsk\u00fdch d\u00fdm\u016f m\u016f\u017ee vzniknout \u0159ada patologick\u00fdch stav\u016f. Hlavn\u00ed patologick\u00e9 stavy, s nimi\u017e se setk\u00e1vaj\u00ed zam\u011bstnanci, kte\u0159\u00ed vykon\u00e1vaj\u00ed sv\u00e1\u0159e\u010dsk\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce, jsou n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed: <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\t\n\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t
<\/td>Pathologies<\/th>Polluants<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Pathologies aigu\u00ebs<\/td>\u0152d\u00e8me pulmonaire<\/td>Ozone, oxyde d\u2019azote, phosg\u00e8ne<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Fi\u00e8vre des m\u00e9taux<\/td>Oxydes de zinc et de cuivre, oxyde de magn\u00e9sium<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Asthme<\/td>Colophane, diisocyanate de toluyl\u00e8ne, formald\u00e9hyde<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Pneumonie toxique<\/td>Oxydes de mangan\u00e8se, oxyde de cadmium, oxyde de b\u00e9ryllium<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Pathologies chroniques<\/td>Pneumoconiose<\/td>Oxydes de fer, oxyde d\u2019aluminium, oxyde d\u2019\u00e9tain, oxyde de b\u00e9ryllium<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Bronchite chronique<\/td>Oxydes d\u2019azote, ozone, oxydes de chrome, oxydes de nickel, oxydes de mangan\u00e8se, oxyde de cadmium<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Atteinte du syst\u00e8me nerveux central<\/td>Oxyde d\u2019aluminium, oxydes de mangan\u00e8se<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Atteinte r\u00e9nale<\/td>Oxyde de cadmium, oxyde de plomb, dioxyde de thorium<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Cancer broncho-pulmonaire<\/td>Oxydes de nickel, compos\u00e9s du chrome, oxyde de cadmium, oxyde de b\u00e9ryllium<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n

Zdroj: INRS<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n

Jak m\u016f\u017eete rizik\u016fm p\u0159edch\u00e1zet?<\/h2>\n\n

P\u0159ijat\u00e1 bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed mus\u00ed b\u00fdt p\u0159izp\u016fsobena nejen pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdm postup\u016fm a materi\u00e1l\u016fm, ale tak\u00e9 pracovi\u0161ti (v\u010detn\u011b d\u00edlny a pracovi\u0161t\u011b). P\u0159ed p\u0159ijet\u00edm jak\u00fdchkoli preventivn\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00ed je proto nezbytn\u00e9 prov\u00e9st anal\u00fdzu pracovi\u0161t\u011b obsluhy. C\u00edlem je shrom\u00e1\u017edit co nejv\u00edce d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch faktor\u016f, aby bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 definovat opat\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e1 je t\u0159eba p\u0159ijmout. Oblasti, kter\u00e9 je t\u0159eba analyzovat, jsou sva\u0159ovac\u00ed techniky a pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 parametry, obr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00e9 obrobky, pracovi\u0161t\u011b oper\u00e1tor\u016f, kancel\u00e1\u0159e a organizace materi\u00e1lov\u00fdch tok\u016f v d\u00edln\u00e1ch. <\/p>\n\n

Ke sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed v\u00fdpar\u016f ze sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed lze zav\u00e9st n\u011bkolik preventivn\u00edch \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed, jako je zachycov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdpar\u016f ze sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed u zdroje a celkov\u00e9 v\u011btr\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n

Odb\u011br sv\u00e1\u0159e\u010dsk\u00e9ho d\u00fdmu u zdroje je pro obsluhu nejbezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm \u0159e\u0161en\u00edm. Zachycuje vyza\u0159ovan\u00fd kou\u0159 a chr\u00e1n\u00ed obsluhu p\u0159ed rizikem vdechnut\u00ed prachu a \u010d\u00e1stic. Lok\u00e1ln\u00ed ods\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed udr\u017euje \u0161kodliviny na nejni\u017e\u0161\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 objemov\u00e9 frakci a po filtraci odv\u00e1d\u00ed \u0161kodliviny z d\u00edlny. Lok\u00e1ln\u00ed ods\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed zachycuje uvoln\u011bn\u00e9 \u0161kodliviny d\u0159\u00edve, ne\u017e se dostanou do kontaktu s obsluhou a jej\u00edmi d\u00fdchac\u00edmi cestami a\/nebo se roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed po cel\u00e9 d\u00edln\u011b. V \u00favahu p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed n\u011bkolik typ\u016f lok\u00e1ln\u00edho ods\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, nap\u0159\u00edklad ods\u00e1vac\u00ed backsplash, ods\u00e1vac\u00ed st\u016fl, digesto\u0159<\/strong> nebo odlu\u010dova\u010de prachu.<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n

Na\u0161e za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed na \u00fapravu sv\u00e1\u0159e\u010dsk\u00fdch d\u00fdm\u016f<\/h2>\n\n
\n
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\"oberA<\/a>
ePUR B Ex<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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\"Odlučovač<\/a>
Dustomat 4<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n
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\"Kouř<\/a>
SRF-K<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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\"Systém<\/a>
Dustmac<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Spole\u010dnost OberA pr\u00e1v\u011b dodala pr\u016fmyslovou \u010disti\u010dku vzduchu ePur100 v\u00fdrobci velk\u00fdch stroj\u016f na ochranu obsluhy p\u0159ed sv\u00e1\u0159ec\u00edmi v\u00fdpary. Proto\u017ee oper\u00e1to\u0159i byli \u010dasto mobiln\u00ed a ve vzduchu, m\u011bli ji\u017e ods\u00e1vac\u00ed ho\u0159\u00e1ky. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":98593,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"none","_seopress_titles_title":"Ods\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u00e1\u0159e\u010dsk\u00e9ho d\u00fdmu pro v\u00fdrobce stroj\u016f","_seopress_titles_desc":"Spole\u010dnost OberA pr\u00e1v\u011b dodala pr\u016fmyslovou \u010disti\u010dku vzduchu ePur100 v\u00fdrobci velk\u00fdch stroj\u016f na ochranu obsluhy p\u0159ed sv\u00e1\u0159ec\u00edmi v\u00fdpary.","_seopress_robots_index":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[310],"tags":[113],"class_list":["post-46594","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nase-rady","tag-entete-male","generate-columns","tablet-grid-50","mobile-grid-100","grid-parent","grid-50","no-featured-image-padding","resize-featured-image"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/46594","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=46594"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/46594\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":117034,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/46594\/revisions\/117034"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/98593"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=46594"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=46594"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=46594"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}