{"id":82497,"date":"2024-04-09T15:48:29","date_gmt":"2024-04-09T13:48:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/nase-rada\/quels-procedes-ameliorent-qualite-air-eliminant-cov\/"},"modified":"2025-04-15T11:20:43","modified_gmt":"2025-04-15T09:20:43","slug":"quels-procedes-ameliorent-qualite-air-eliminant-cov","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/cs\/nase-rady\/quels-procedes-ameliorent-qualite-air-eliminant-cov\/","title":{"rendered":"Jak\u00e9 procesy zlep\u0161uj\u00ed kvalitu ovzdu\u0161\u00ed eliminac\u00ed t\u011bkav\u00fdch organick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Existuj\u00ed dv\u011b skupiny <strong>proces\u016f \u00fapravy t\u011bkav\u00fdch organick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek<\/strong> pro jejich extrakci z okoln\u00edho ovzdu\u0161\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Procesy obnovy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p><strong>C\u00edlem rekupera\u010dn\u00edch proces\u016f je zachytit t\u011bkav\u00e9 organick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky<\/strong> a znovu je pou\u017e\u00edt. Zahrnuj\u00ed adsorpci s desorpc\u00ed, absorpci, kondenzaci a membr\u00e1novou separaci.   <\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Proces ni\u010den\u00ed  <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Destruktivn\u00ed procesy jsou zalo\u017eeny na <strong>oxidaci t\u011bkav\u00fdch organick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek<\/strong> (katalytick\u00e9, tepeln\u00e9), biologick\u00e9 \u00faprav\u011b, adsorpci bez desorpce atd.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Adsorpce<\/h2>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"774\" height=\"461\" src=\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/adsorption.png\" alt=\"Kapky vody, kter&#xE9; vniknou do materi&#xE1;lu a z&#x16F;stanou v n&#x11B;m.\" class=\"wp-image-33956\" style=\"width:393px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/adsorption.png 774w, https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/adsorption-300x179.png 300w, https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/adsorption-768x457.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 774px) 100vw, 774px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n<p><strong>Molekuly t\u011bkav\u00fdch organick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek<\/strong> se p\u016fsoben\u00edm Van der Waalsov\u00fdch sil v\u00e1\u017eou na pevn\u00fd materi\u00e1l s velk\u00fdm specifick\u00fdm povrchem. Existuje cel\u00e1 \u0159ada adsorp\u010dn\u00edch materi\u00e1l\u016f: aktivn\u00ed uhl\u00ed, zeolit, silikagel, aktivn\u00ed oxid hlinit\u00fd a prysky\u0159ice. Aktivn\u00ed uhl\u00ed je nejpou\u017e\u00edvan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. M\u00e1 velk\u00fd specifick\u00fd povrch (800 a\u017e 2000 m\u00b2\/g) a dod\u00e1v\u00e1 se ve form\u011b pr\u00e1\u0161ku, zrn nebo tkaniny. Kdy\u017e se aktivn\u00ed uhl\u00ed nasyt\u00ed, bu\u010f <strong>se materi\u00e1l vym\u011bn\u00ed <\/strong>a zpracuje jako odpad (pr\u00e1\u0161ek), nebo se regeneruje znovuz\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm t\u011bkav\u00fdch organick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek desorpc\u00ed. To zahrnuje bu\u010f sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed celkov\u00e9ho tlaku (vakuov\u00e1 desorpce), nebo<strong>zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed teploty<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/cs\/nase-rady\/cov-aspiration-vapeurs-solvants\/\">(p\u00e1ra<\/a>, vzduch nebo hork\u00e9 neutr\u00e1ln\u00ed plyny). VOC se pak recykluj\u00ed do v\u00fdroby.      <\/p>\n\n<p>Absorpce nebo \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed plyn\u016f je zalo\u017eeno na kontaktu vzduchu obsahuj\u00edc\u00edho t\u011bkav\u00e9 organick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky s kapaln\u00fdm rozpou\u0161t\u011bdlem. Rozpustn\u00e9 t\u011bkav\u00e9 organick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky p\u0159ech\u00e1zej\u00ed do kapaliny. Pro ve vod\u011b rozpustn\u00e9 t\u011bkav\u00e9 organick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 voda. U \u0161patn\u011b rozpustn\u00fdch t\u011bkav\u00fdch organick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek<strong>nahrazuje vodu silikonov\u00fd olej<\/strong>. Tyto dv\u011b techniky nejsou \u0161iroce pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny, proto\u017ee voda nen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e1 a olej je pom\u011brn\u011b drah\u00fd.    <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kondenzace<\/h2>\n\n<p>To zahrnuje p\u0159em\u011bnu plynn\u00fdch t\u011bkav\u00fdch organick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek na kapalinu sn\u00ed\u017een\u00edm teploty na -40 \u00b0C p\u0159i mechanick\u00e9 kondenzaci (pomoc\u00ed kompresoru a v\u00fdm\u011bn\u00edku tepla) a na &#8211; 180 \u00b0C p\u0159i kryogenn\u00ed kondenzaci (pomoc\u00ed kapaln\u00e9ho dus\u00edku). <strong>Kapalina se pot\u00e9 odd\u011bl\u00ed od vzduchu<\/strong> a je ur\u010dena k regeneraci. Tato technika se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 pro zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00fd vzduch s vysokou koncentrac\u00ed t\u011bkav\u00fdch organick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed bod varu nejm\u00e9n\u011b 40 \u00b0C. Kondenzace je vhodn\u00e1 pro zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00fd vzduch o pr\u016ftoku men\u0161\u00edm ne\u017e 1000<sup>m3\/h.<\/sup>   <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Membr\u00e1nov\u00e1 separace<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n<p>Vzduch zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00fd t\u011bkav\u00fdmi organick\u00fdmi l\u00e1tkami proch\u00e1z\u00ed <strong>polopropustnou membr\u00e1nou,<\/strong> kter\u00e1 p\u0159i pr\u016fchodu zachycuje t\u011bkav\u00e9 organick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky. Pr\u016ftok upraven\u00fd membr\u00e1novou separac\u00ed je men\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 100<sup>m3\/h<\/sup>. \u00da\u010dinnost separace z\u00e1vis\u00ed na struktu\u0159e membr\u00e1ny, jej\u00edm mezn\u00edm prahu <strong>a provozn\u00edch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch filtrace<\/strong>. Tato technika je n\u00e1kladn\u00e1 a citliv\u00e1 na zm\u011bny pr\u016ftoku a koncentrac\u00ed.   <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Tepeln\u00e1 oxidace<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n<p>T\u011bkav\u00e9 organick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky je t\u0159eba spalovat p\u0159i teplot\u011b nejm\u00e9n\u011b 750 \u00b0C, aby se p\u0159em\u011bnily na<sub>CO2<\/sub> a vodu. K vyrovn\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edkonu <strong>energie a spalovac\u00edho tepla<\/strong> je zapot\u0159eb\u00ed koncentrace VOC vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e <sup>10 g\/m3<\/sup>. V opa\u010dn\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b se proces st\u00e1v\u00e1 energeticky velmi n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fdm. Pokud jsou t\u011bkav\u00e9 organick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky halogenovan\u00e9 nebo s\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9, hroz\u00ed riziko vzniku toxick\u00fdch vedlej\u0161\u00edch produkt\u016f, kter\u00e9 vy\u017eaduj\u00ed dodate\u010dnou neutraliza\u010dn\u00ed \u00fapravu.   <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Katalytick\u00e1 oxidace<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n<p>K p\u0159edchoz\u00ed technice se p\u0159id\u00e1v\u00e1 katalyz\u00e1tor z <strong>drah\u00fdch kov\u016f nebo oxid\u016f kov\u016f<\/strong>. Ten oxiduje t\u011bkav\u00e9 organick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky p\u0159i teplot\u00e1ch mezi 250\u00b0 a 400\u00b0. C\u00edlem je sn\u00ed\u017eit spot\u0159ebu energie spojenou s oxidac\u00ed. N\u011bkter\u00e9 prvky (t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 kovy, fosfor, <sub>SO2<\/sub>) v\u0161ak p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00ed k otrav\u011b katalyz\u00e1toru a jeho deaktivaci.     <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Mikrobiologick\u00e9 o\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n<p><strong>Mikrobi<\/strong> se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed k <strong>aerobn\u00edmu rozkladu t\u011bkav\u00fdch organick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek na<sub>CO2<\/sub><\/strong> a vodu. Mikrobi\u00e1ln\u00ed kultura je bu\u010f fixov\u00e1na, nebo rozpt\u00fdlena v mobiln\u00ed nebo stacion\u00e1rn\u00ed kapaln\u00e9 f\u00e1zi. Existuj\u00ed biofiltry, bioperkol\u00e1tory a bioskrubery.  <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Biofiltr<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n<p><strong>Bakterie se p\u0159ichyt\u00ed na organickou podlo\u017eku <\/strong>(ra\u0161elinu, d\u0159evo atd.), kterou proch\u00e1z\u00ed proud vzduchu zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9ho t\u011bkav\u00fdmi organick\u00fdmi l\u00e1tkami. Pro udr\u017een\u00ed biologick\u00e9 aktivity se bakterie ob\u010das post\u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed vodou a dal\u0161\u00edmi \u017eivinami. <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Biopercolator<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n<p>Bakterie se p\u0159ichyt\u00ed na <strong>pevnou<\/strong> podlo\u017eku, <strong>bu\u010f miner\u00e1ln\u00ed, nebo tvo\u0159enou v\u00fdpln\u00ed<\/strong>. Vytvo\u0159\u00ed se biofilm, kter\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt siln\u00fd a\u017e n\u011bkolik milimetr\u016f. Pr\u016fb\u011b\u017en\u00fdm zal\u00e9v\u00e1n\u00edm se rozv\u00e1d\u00ed voda a dopl\u0148uj\u00ed \u017eiviny. T\u00edm se kolem biofilmu vytvo\u0159\u00ed tekut\u00fd film, ve kter\u00e9m se absorbuje kysl\u00edk a t\u011bkav\u00e9 organick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky, kter\u00e9 se pak p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed do biofilmu.   <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Biolaveur<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n<p>VOC jsou absorbov\u00e1ny v rozpra\u0161ovac\u00ed prac\u00ed v\u011b\u017ei a pot\u00e9 <strong>biologicky rozlo\u017eeny v aktiva\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017ei<\/strong> obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed suspendovanou biomasu. Bioskrubery vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed emulzi olej\/voda mohou zpracov\u00e1vat slou\u010deniny, kter\u00e9 jsou ve vod\u011b m\u00e1lo rozpustn\u00e9 nebo kter\u00e9 jsou toxick\u00e9 pro mikroorganismy. <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Volba l\u00e9\u010dby<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n<p>Z\u00e1vis\u00ed na povaze t\u011bkav\u00fdch organick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed b\u00fdt o\u0161et\u0159eny, na jejich minim\u00e1ln\u00ed, <strong>maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed a pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9<\/strong> koncentraci <strong>ve zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9m vzduchu<\/strong> a na jeho fyzik\u00e1ln\u00edch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch (teplota, relativn\u00ed vlhkost, p\u0159\u00edtomnost prachu nebo jin\u00fdch zne\u010di\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00edch l\u00e1tek atd.).  <\/p>\n\n<p>V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee proces emituje jednu nebo dv\u011b t\u011bkav\u00e9 organick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed b\u00fdt zpracov\u00e1ny, a uk\u00e1\u017ee se, \u017ee je v\u00fdhodn\u00e9 tyto t\u011bkav\u00e9 organick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky znovu pou\u017e\u00edt, lze zvolit techniku zp\u011btn\u00e9ho z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed; podm\u00ednkou je koncentrace t\u011bkav\u00fdch organick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek a p\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u00fd pr\u016ftok zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9ho vzduchu.  <\/p>\n\n<p>V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b 3 a v\u00edce t\u011bkav\u00fdch organick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek je nejlep\u0161\u00ed zvolit destruktivn\u00ed techniku.<\/p>\n\n<p>Je t\u0159eba poznamenat, \u017ee v\u00edce ne\u017e 30 % v\u00fdrobc\u016f <a href=\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/cs\/produits\/traitement-cov\/filtre-atex-mobile-mobfan-4500\/\">vol\u00ed \u00fapravu na b\u00e1zi aktivn\u00edho uhl\u00ed<\/a>.<strong> <\/strong>umo\u017e\u0148uje \u0161irok\u00fd rozsah pr\u016ftok\u016f pro destruktivn\u00ed i rekupera\u010dn\u00ed aplikace. Rovn\u011b\u017e eliminuj\u00ed obt\u011b\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1pachem. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>k extrakci t\u011bkav\u00fdch organick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek z okoln\u00edho ovzdu\u0161\u00ed se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed dv\u011b skupiny proces\u016f \u00fapravy t\u011bkav\u00fdch organick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek:<\/p>\n<p>Procesy obnovy<\/p>\n<p>C\u00edlem rekupera\u010dn\u00edch proces\u016f je zachytit t\u011bkav\u00e9 organick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky a znovu je pou\u017e\u00edt. Zahrnuj\u00ed adsorpci s desorpc\u00ed, absorpci, kondenzaci, membr\u00e1novou separaci atd. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":81938,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"none","_seopress_titles_title":"Jak\u00e9 procesy zlep\u0161uj\u00ed kvalitu ovzdu\u0161\u00ed eliminac\u00ed t\u011bkav\u00fdch organick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek?","_seopress_titles_desc":"Existuj\u00ed dv\u011b skupiny proces\u016f zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bkav\u00fdch organick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek, kter\u00e9 slou\u017e\u00ed k jejich extrakci z okoln\u00edho ovzdu\u0161\u00ed: procesy zp\u011btn\u00e9ho z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a procesy destrukce.","_seopress_robots_index":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[310],"tags":[113],"class_list":["post-82497","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nase-rady","tag-entete-male","generate-columns","tablet-grid-50","mobile-grid-100","grid-parent","grid-50","no-featured-image-padding","resize-featured-image"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/82497","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=82497"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/82497\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":82506,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/82497\/revisions\/82506"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/81938"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=82497"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=82497"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=82497"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}