{"id":96810,"date":"2021-07-26T12:25:45","date_gmt":"2021-07-26T10:25:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/nase-rada\/gains-productivite-rafraichissement-air-par-evaporation\/"},"modified":"2025-05-06T13:56:48","modified_gmt":"2025-05-06T11:56:48","slug":"gains-productivite-rafraichissement-air-par-evaporation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/cs\/nase-rady\/gains-productivite-rafraichissement-air-par-evaporation\/","title":{"rendered":"Zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed produktivity d\u00edky odpa\u0159ovac\u00edmu chlazen\u00ed vzduchu"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Odpa\u0159ovac\u00ed chlazen\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n

A\u0165 u\u017e kv\u016fli obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b hork\u00fdm dn\u016fm nebo v\u00fdrobn\u00edm proces\u016fm, p\u0159i kter\u00fdch vznik\u00e1 teplo, se mohou pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 v\u00fdrobn\u00ed prostory mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b rychle st\u00e1t velmi hork\u00fdm prost\u0159ed\u00edm. Krom\u011b z\u0159ejm\u00fdch nebezpe\u010d\u00ed a nepohodl\u00ed pro zam\u011bstnance m\u016f\u017ee neschopnost \u0159\u00eddit a udr\u017eovat teploty na p\u0159ijateln\u00e9 \u00farovni tak\u00e9 v\u00fdrazn\u011b zpomalit produktivitu. <\/p>\n\n

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Produktivn\u00ed pracovi\u0161t\u011b je z\u00e1sadn\u00edm faktorem \u00fasp\u011bchu t\u011bchto za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a byla provedena \u0159ada studi\u00ed, kter\u00e9 ukazuj\u00ed, do jak\u00e9 m\u00edry m\u00e1 nekontrolovan\u00e1 \u00farove\u0148 tepla ur\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed vliv. <\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n

Nap\u0159\u00edklad v\u00fdzkum produktivity proveden\u00fd agenturou NASA uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee s rostouc\u00ed teplotou exponenci\u00e1ln\u011b nar\u016fst\u00e1 po\u010det chyb a z\u00e1vad, co\u017e vede ke zpomalen\u00ed v\u00fdroby, v\u011bt\u0161\u00edmu po\u010dtu z\u00e1vad a v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm ztr\u00e1t\u00e1m p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f. <\/p>\n\n

N\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed tabulka shrnuje vztahy zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 p\u0159i testech NASA mezi teplotou, v\u00fdrobou a p\u0159esnost\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\t\n\t\n\t
Temp\u00e9rature effective<\/td>24\u00baC<\/td>26\u00baC<\/td>29\u00baC<\/td>32\u00baC<\/td>35\u00baC<\/td>38\u00baC<\/td>40\u00baC<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Perte de production<\/td>3%<\/td>8%<\/td>18%<\/td>29%<\/td>45%<\/td>62%<\/td>79%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Augmentation du taux d'erreur<\/td>0%<\/td>5%<\/td>40%<\/td>300%<\/td>700%<\/td>N\/A<\/td>N\/A<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n

V\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9 \u00fadaje jsou jasn\u00fdm d\u016fkazem toho, jak rostouc\u00ed teplota v pracovn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed negativn\u011b ovliv\u0148uje celkovou produktivitu: s rostouc\u00ed teplotou kles\u00e1 \u00farove\u0148 koncentrace, dostavuje se \u00fanava, doch\u00e1z\u00ed k chyb\u00e1m a pracovn\u00edci produkuj\u00ed m\u00e9n\u011b. V kone\u010dn\u00e9m d\u016fsledku to vede k v\u00fdrazn\u00fdm ztr\u00e1t\u00e1m p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f va\u0161\u00ed firmy. <\/p>\n\n

Pro\u010d jsou pr\u016fmyslov\u00e1 v\u00fdrobn\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed tak citliv\u00e1 na teplo?<\/h2>\n\n

Ka\u017ed\u00e9 pracovi\u0161t\u011b mus\u00ed b\u00fdt navr\u017eeno tak, aby vytv\u00e1\u0159elo bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 pracovn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed pro zam\u011bstnance. Pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 v\u00fdrobn\u00ed z\u00e1vody v\u0161ak \u010del\u00ed jedine\u010dn\u00fdm v\u00fdzv\u00e1m: <\/p>\n\n

Praktick\u00fd<\/h3>\n\n

Ve v\u00fdrobn\u00edm z\u00e1vod\u011b s vysok\u00fdmi stropy a mostov\u00fdmi je\u0159\u00e1by je instalace potrubn\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f, jako jsou klimatiza\u010dn\u00ed jednotky, n\u00e1kladn\u00e1 a m\u016f\u017ee se st\u00e1t p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017ekou pro vnit\u0159n\u00ed manipulaci. V mnoha p\u0159\u00edpadech nen\u00ed instalace klimatiza\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu vzhledem k velikosti budovy jednodu\u0161e mo\u017en\u00e1. <\/p>\n\n

Proces<\/h3>\n\n

V provozech s tepeln\u011b n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fdmi v\u00fdrobn\u00edmi procesy, jako je v\u00fdroba oceli, sl\u00e9v\u00e1rny, v\u00fdroba automobil\u016f, v\u00fdroba skla, v\u00fdroba cihel a dla\u017edic, varn\u00e9 pece v potravin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu, se pece a pece pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed po cel\u00fd den. I kdy\u017e m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt l\u00e1kav\u00e9 investovat do pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch ventil\u00e1tor\u016f jako do relativn\u011b levn\u00e9ho \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed, v t\u011bchto extr\u00e9mn\u00edch prost\u0159ed\u00edch budou ventil\u00e1tory pouze m\u00edchat hork\u00fd vzduch v prostoru, ani\u017e by skute\u010dn\u011b sni\u017eovaly teplotu. <\/p>\n\n

Zm\u011bna klimatu<\/h3>\n\n

Po\u010det hork\u00fdch dn\u016f se ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b zvy\u0161uje. Se zvy\u0161uj\u00edc\u00edmi se teplotami na cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b se st\u00e1le v\u00edce projevuje obava ze zm\u011bny klimatu. Se zp\u0159\u00eds\u0148uj\u00edc\u00edmi se p\u0159edpisy je st\u00e1le obt\u00ed\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zajistit zam\u011bstnanc\u016fm bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 a pohodln\u00e9 pracovn\u00ed podm\u00ednky. Tento probl\u00e9m je je\u0161t\u011b pal\u010div\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, pokud jde o v\u00fdrobn\u00ed a zpracovatelsk\u00e9 z\u00e1vody, proto\u017ee budovy jsou obvykle velk\u00e9, maj\u00ed vysok\u00e9 stropy a velmi \u010dasto jsou otev\u0159en\u00e9. D\u00edky t\u011bmto konfigurac\u00edm je obt\u00ed\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a n\u00e1kladn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je chladit tradi\u010dn\u00edmi klimatiza\u010dn\u00edmi \u0159e\u0161en\u00edmi. <\/p>\n\n

Pro\u010d zvolit odpa\u0159ovac\u00ed chlazen\u00ed?<\/h2>\n\n
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\"Čerstvost\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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N\u00e1klady na instalaci a provoz mobiln\u00edho odpa\u0159ovac\u00edho chladi\u010de<\/a> jsou v\u00fdrazn\u011b ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e n\u00e1klady na standardn\u00ed klimatizaci a jsou praktick\u00e9 t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v jak\u00e9mkoli tepl\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Odpa\u0159ovac\u00ed chladic\u00ed jednotky vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed p\u0159irozenou s\u00edlu odpa\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed k ochlazov\u00e1n\u00ed vzduchu v prostoru. P\u0159i odpa\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed vody se spot\u0159ebov\u00e1v\u00e1 energie, kter\u00e1 je odeb\u00edr\u00e1na z proudu vzduchu proch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edho jednotkou, co\u017e vede k poklesu teploty. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee \u010d\u00edm teplej\u0161\u00ed je vzduch v prostoru, t\u00edm v\u00edce vody se m\u016f\u017ee odpa\u0159it a t\u00edm je syst\u00e9m \u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Jin\u00fdmi slovy, z\u00edsk\u00e1te v\u00edce chladu, kdy\u017e ho nejv\u00edce pot\u0159ebujete. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n

Jak\u00e9 jsou hlavn\u00ed zp\u016fsoby pou\u017eit\u00ed adiabatick\u00e9ho odpa\u0159ovac\u00edho chlazen\u00ed?<\/h2>\n\n

Adiabatick\u00e9 chlazen\u00ed<\/a> se obecn\u011b pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v\u0161ude tam, kde nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 instalovat klimatizaci, proto\u017ee je p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 drah\u00e1 nebo nemo\u017en\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n