{"id":98132,"date":"2021-07-29T09:50:37","date_gmt":"2021-07-29T07:50:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/nase-rada\/vlep-filtration-de-poussiere-reglementation\/"},"modified":"2025-05-07T09:26:46","modified_gmt":"2025-05-07T07:26:46","slug":"vlep-filtration-de-poussiere-reglementation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/cs\/nase-rady\/vlep-filtration-de-poussiere-reglementation\/","title":{"rendered":"Prachov\u00e1 filtrace a VLEP: aktualizace p\u0159edpis\u016f"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Prach je \u010d\u00e1stice<\/strong> men\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 100 mikron\u016f. Limitn\u00ed hodnoty expozice na pracovi\u0161ti<a href=\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/cs\/nase-rady\/reglementation-vlep-evaluation-risque-chimique-lieu-de-travail\/\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/conseils\/reglementation-vlep-evaluation-risque-chimique-lieu-de-travail\/\">(p\u0159edpisy OELV<\/a>) ud\u00e1vaj\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e1 je t\u0159eba p\u0159ijmout s ohledem na prach na pracovi\u0161ti. Prach a VLEP vedou k zaveden\u00ed <strong>kontroly <\/strong>kvality ovzdu\u0161\u00ed. Na pomoc v\u00e1m INRS poskytuje informace o prevenci a ochran\u011b p\u0159ed expozic\u00ed prachu na pracovi\u0161ti.     <\/p>\n\n<p>Chcete zv\u00fd\u0161it bezpe\u010dnost sv\u00e9 <strong>profesn\u00ed \u010dinnosti <\/strong>a sn\u00ed\u017eit zdravotn\u00ed rizika? M\u016f\u017eeme v\u00e1m pomoci t\u00edm, \u017ee v\u00e1m poskytneme spolehliv\u00e9 informace. <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Definice prachu a prevence<\/h2>\n\n<p><strong>Prachy jsou \u010d\u00e1stice s <\/strong>krystalickou strukturou: prach m\u00e1 kulat\u00fd tvar, hranat\u00e9 obrysy a abrazivn\u00ed potenci\u00e1l. Do t\u00e9to kategorie nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdch l\u00e1tek spadaj\u00ed v\u0161echny \u010d\u00e1stice men\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 100 mikrometr\u016f (0,1 mm, PM 1, PM 2,5 a PM 10). P\u0159i vysok\u00e9 <strong>koncentraci <\/strong>PM 2,5 (velikost 2,5 mikrometru) p\u0159edstavuje<strong>pracovn\u00ed expozice<\/strong> riziko vzniku rakoviny.  <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Prach p\u0159i pr\u00e1ci: r\u016fzn\u00e9 typy<\/h3>\n\n<p><strong>Zam\u011bstnanci <\/strong>v\u011bd\u00ed jen m\u00e1lo o rizic\u00edch expozice p\u0159i pr\u00e1ci. Hodnocen\u00ed rizik, prevence a ochrana p\u0159ed nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdmi \u00fa\u010dinky prachu na zdrav\u00ed jsou odpov\u011bdnost\u00ed podnik\u016f. Existuj\u00ed dva hlavn\u00ed typy <strong>prachu<\/strong>:  <\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>anorganick\u00e9 prachy (pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 prachy).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Sans-titre.jpg\" alt=\"Anorganick&#xFD; prach\" class=\"wp-image-14084\" width=\"275\" height=\"100\" srcset=\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Sans-titre.jpg 550w, https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Sans-titre-300x109.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 275px) 100vw, 275px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>organick\u00e9 prachy (textiln\u00ed a potravin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 podniky).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/textile.jpg\" alt=\"organick&#xFD; prach\" class=\"wp-image-14088\" width=\"275\" height=\"100\" srcset=\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/textile.jpg 550w, https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/textile-300x109.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 275px) 100vw, 275px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nejnebezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed prachy pro zdrav\u00ed<\/h3>\n\n<p><strong>Prach men\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 10 mikron\u016f<\/strong> (PM10) se dost\u00e1v\u00e1 do alveol\u00e1rn\u00edch bun\u011bk plic. Jemn\u00fd prach p\u0159ech\u00e1z\u00ed p\u0159\u00edmo do krevn\u00edho ob\u011bhu. Nejnebezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed jsou prachy men\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e PM1, kter\u00e9 p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed vysok\u00e9 riziko CMR, karcinogenity a patogenity. Diagnostika kvality ovzdu\u0161\u00ed na pracovi\u0161ti je proto nezbytn\u00e1. \u010c\u00edm je prach jemn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, t\u00edm vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed je jeho <strong>koncentrace v ovzdu\u0161\u00ed <\/strong>a t\u00edm d\u00e9le z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 v suspenzi (od 1 do 40 hodin).    <\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/4-fraction-poussieres.jpg\" alt=\"Organismus - toxicita\" class=\"wp-image-1840\" width=\"375\" height=\"395\" srcset=\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/4-fraction-poussieres.jpg 500w, https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/4-fraction-poussieres-285x300.jpg 285w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 375px) 100vw, 375px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n<p>\u010c\u00edm je prach jemn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, t\u00edm d\u00e9le trv\u00e1, ne\u017e se usad\u00ed. Nap\u0159\u00edklad \u010d\u00e1stice o velikosti lidsk\u00e9ho vlasu (50 \u00b5m) se usazuj\u00ed rychle (p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 6 s na metr). Sedimentuj\u00ed v bl\u00edzkosti emisn\u00ed z\u00f3ny nebo z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed v suspenzi, pokud je pohyb vzduchu dostate\u010dn\u011b siln\u00fd, aby zabr\u00e1nil jejich sedimentaci. Naproti tomu \u010d\u00e1stice o velikosti 0,1 \u00b5m se chovaj\u00ed podobn\u011b jako molekuly. Pohybuj\u00ed se podle Brownova (n\u00e1hodn\u00e9ho) pohybu, a proto z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed v suspenzi a nemaj\u00ed m\u011b\u0159itelnou rychlost sedimentace. Za 20 dn\u00ed klesnou o jeden metr, ani\u017e by byly vyru\u0161eny. Je snadn\u00e9 pochopit, \u017ee bez nucen\u00e9ho pohybu (provzdu\u0161\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed, mechanick\u00e9 v\u011btr\u00e1n\u00ed, centr\u00e1ln\u00ed ods\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed vzduchu) se tyto nejjemn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a nejnebezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1stice nikdy neusad\u00ed a z\u016fstanou v suspenzi.      <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Prach a VLEP: co \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed p\u0159edpisy<\/h2>\n\n<p>Jak by se m\u011bly <strong>prach a VLEP <\/strong>vykl\u00e1dat na pracovi\u0161ti? Vezm\u011bte v \u00favahu, \u017ee pracovn\u00ed prach vznik\u00e1 p\u0159i v\u00fdrobn\u00edch procesech, pohybu stroj\u016f nebo manipulaci se zbo\u017e\u00edm a v\u00fdrobky. <strong>Mno\u017estv\u00ed prachov\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stic v suspenzi<\/strong> p\u0159edstavuje zdravotn\u00ed rizika. Z\u00e1kon vytvo\u0159il <strong>klasifikaci prach\u016f<\/strong> podle \u00farovn\u011b pronik\u00e1n\u00ed do organismu.   <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Respirabiln\u00ed \u010d\u00e1stice a pracovn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed<\/h3>\n\n<p>Pom\u011br <strong>prachu a VLEP<\/strong> d\u00e1v\u00e1 r\u016fzn\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky v z\u00e1vislosti na velikosti prachu. Respirovateln\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stice jsou \u010d\u00e1stice o pr\u016fm\u011bru men\u0161\u00edm ne\u017e 4 mikrony. Jak jsme vid\u011bli, WHO sni\u017euje prahovou hodnotu na 2,5 (PM 2,5) s od\u016fvodn\u011bn\u00edm, \u017ee tyto <strong>\u010d\u00e1stice jsou nejnebezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed<\/strong>. Trval\u00e9 monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed na pracovi\u0161ti je mo\u017en\u00e9<strong>instalac\u00ed boxu<\/strong>, sondy nebo analyz\u00e1toru vzduchu.   <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Prach v hrudn\u00edku a penetrace: jak\u00e9 jsou hodnoty?<\/h3>\n\n<p>Horn\u00ed cesty d\u00fdchac\u00ed filtruj\u00ed tento <strong>tzv. celkov\u00fd prach<\/strong>. Jejich velikost nep\u0159esahuje 100 mikron\u016f a jejich <strong>hrudn\u00ed frakce <\/strong>je men\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 10 mikron\u016f. Pronikaj\u00ed do plic, mohou dr\u00e1\u017edit pr\u016fdu\u0161ky a jsou<strong> rizikem pro vznik astmatu<\/strong>.  <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Prach a VLEP: 8hodinov\u00e1 limitn\u00ed hodnota expozice<\/h2>\n\n<p><strong>Z\u00e1vazn\u00fd VLEP<\/strong> (pro azbest, d\u0159evo, oxid k\u0159emi\u010dit\u00fd a karcinogenn\u00ed keramiku) je referen\u010dn\u00ed hodnotou pro jak\u00e9koli odlo\u017een\u00e9 zdravotn\u00ed riziko z<strong> expozice<\/strong>. Tyto n\u00e1stroje jsou ur\u010deny pro sv\u011bt pr\u00e1ce a INRS je pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 p\u0159i vypracov\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u00fdch pokyn\u016f pro bezpe\u010dnost a ochranu zdrav\u00ed p\u0159i pr\u00e1ci. Za<strong> \u00fa\u0159edn\u00ed kontrolu VLEP <\/strong>v podnic\u00edch odpov\u00edd\u00e1 COFRAC.  <\/p>\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>P\u0159e\u010dt\u011bte si tak\u00e9: Co je to <a href=\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/cs\/nase-rady\/valeur-limite-exposition-professionnelle-ou-vlep\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"1999\">limit expozice na pracovi\u0161ti neboli OEL<\/a>?<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Limitn\u00ed hodnota expozice p\u0159i pr\u00e1ci (OEL) 8 hodin<\/h3>\n\n<p>Francouzsk\u00fd <strong>z\u00e1kon\u00edk pr\u00e1ce<\/strong> definuje \u00farove\u0148 8hodinov\u00e9ho VLEP za norm\u00e1ln\u00edch teplotn\u00edch podm\u00ednek.<strong> Pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 koncentrace<\/strong> celkov\u00e9ho prachu mus\u00ed b\u00fdt ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e prahov\u00e1 hodnota 10 mg\/m3 vzduchu. Pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 koncentrace <strong>respirabiln\u00edho prachu<\/strong> mus\u00ed z\u016fstat pod prahovou hodnotou 5 mg\/m\u00b3 vzduchu.  <\/p>\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Stoj\u00ed za p\u0159e\u010dten\u00ed tak\u00e9: <a href=\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/cs\/nase-rady\/vlep-quels-risques-cas-de-non-respect-reglementation\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"1816\">Jak\u00e1 jsou rizika nedodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed VLEP<\/a>?<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Prach a 8hodinov\u00fd VLEP: n\u011bkolik p\u0159\u00edklad\u016f<\/h3>\n\n<p>N\u011bkter\u00e9 <strong>\u010d\u00e1stice<\/strong> maj\u00ed \u0161kodliv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed <strong>\u00fa\u010dinky<\/strong> na zdrav\u00ed. M\u011b\u0159en\u00ed VLEP je p\u0159\u00edsn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed: d\u0159evn\u00fd prach 1 mg\/m\u00b3, k\u0159emi\u010dit\u00fd prach mezi 0,1 a 0,005 mg\/m\u00b3, ln\u011bn\u00fd prach 0,2 mg\/m\u00b3, azbest 10 vl\u00e1ken\/cm\u00b3. Pokud jsou tyto hodnoty <strong>p\u0159ekro\u010deny <\/strong>, mus\u00ed podnik p\u0159ijmout ochrann\u00e1 a preventivn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed.  <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">K dispozici jsou \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed pro filtraci a odstra\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed prachu<\/h2>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Traitements-des-polluants-VLEP.jpg\" alt=\"zpracov&#xE1;n&#xED; zne&#x10D;i&#x161;&#x165;uj&#xED;c&#xED;ch l&#xE1;tek vlep\" class=\"wp-image-14091\" width=\"500\" height=\"100\" srcset=\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Traitements-des-polluants-VLEP.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Traitements-des-polluants-VLEP-300x60.jpg 300w, https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Traitements-des-polluants-VLEP-768x154.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n<p>M\u00e1te v d\u00edln\u00e1ch <strong>probl\u00e9m s prachem <\/strong>? Spole\u010dnost OBERA je ji\u017e 20 let specialistou na \u00fapravu vzduchu a odstra\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed prachu. Chra\u0148te sv\u00e9 zam\u011bstnance a svou produktivitu, spolehn\u011bte se na na\u0161e odborn\u00e9 znalosti. Vypl\u0148te na\u0161e <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/cs\/contact\/\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"124\">kontaktn\u00ed formul\u00e1\u0159<\/a><\/strong> a z\u00edsk\u00e1te odpov\u011bdi na sv\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky.   <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Limitn\u00ed hodnoty expozice na pracovi\u0161ti (na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed VLEP) uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e1 je t\u0159eba p\u0159ijmout s ohledem na prach na pracovi\u0161ti. Na pomoc v\u00e1m INRS poskytuje informace o prevenci a ochran\u011b p\u0159ed expozic\u00ed prachu na pracovi\u0161ti.   <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":85293,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"none","_seopress_titles_title":"Prachov\u00e1 filtrace a VLEP: podrobn\u00e9 p\u0159edpisy","_seopress_titles_desc":"Zjist\u011bte v\u00edce informac\u00ed o p\u0159edpisech t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edch se filtrace prachu a jejich VLEP. Spole\u010dnost Obera navrhuje za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e1 jsou schopna splnit tyto VLEP. ","_seopress_robots_index":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[310],"tags":[113],"class_list":["post-98132","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nase-rady","tag-entete-male","generate-columns","tablet-grid-50","mobile-grid-100","grid-parent","grid-50","no-featured-image-padding","resize-featured-image"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/98132","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=98132"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/98132\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":98133,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/98132\/revisions\/98133"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/85293"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=98132"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=98132"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=98132"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}