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<strong>\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1<\/strong>;  <\/h2>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u039f\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2  <\/h3>\n\n<p>\u0388\u03bd\u03b1 <strong>\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1<\/strong> \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ad\u03bd\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5. \u039c\u03b5 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1 \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b9\u03b1, \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd 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\u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1<\/strong> \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b2\u03b5\u03bb\u03c4\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd. \u03a3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03b8\u03c5\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03b7\u03c3\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ce\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 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\u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1<\/strong> \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03ad\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c8\u03cd\u03be\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd. \u0397 \u03c8\u03cd\u03be\u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03b5\u03be\u03ac\u03c4\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c8\u03cd\u03be\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c8\u03cd\u03be\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af \u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03ba\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c4\u03bc\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1, \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03b3\u03ba\u03b7 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03b2\u03cc\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b9\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03ae \u03c8\u03c5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c5\u03b3\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/3-1024x1024.jpg\" alt=\"&#x398;&#x3B5;&#x3C1;&#x3BC;&#x3CC;&#x3BC;&#x3B5;&#x3C4;&#x3C1;&#x3BF; &#x3BC;&#x3B5; &#x3B2;&#x3AD;&#x3BB;&#x3BF;&#x3C2; &#x3C3;&#x3C4;&#x3BF; &#x3C0;&#x3BB;&#x3AC;&#x3B9; &#x3C0;&#x3BF;&#x3C5; &#x3B4;&#x3B5;&#x3AF;&#x3C7;&#x3BD;&#x3B5;&#x3B9; &#x3C0;&#x3C1;&#x3BF;&#x3C2; &#x3C4;&#x3B1; &#x3BA;&#x3AC;&#x3C4;&#x3C9; &#x3B3;&#x3B9;&#x3B1; &#x3BD;&#x3B1; &#x3C5;&#x3C0;&#x3BF;&#x3B4;&#x3B5;&#x3B9;&#x3BA;&#x3BD;&#x3CD;&#x3B5;&#x3B9; &#x3C4;&#x3B7;&#x3BD; &#x3C0;&#x3C4;&#x3CE;&#x3C3;&#x3B7; &#x3C4;&#x3B7;&#x3C2; &#x3B8;&#x3B5;&#x3C1;&#x3BC;&#x3BF;&#x3BA;&#x3C1;&#x3B1;&#x3C3;&#x3AF;&#x3B1;&#x3C2;  \" class=\"wp-image-33122\" style=\"width:300px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/3-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/3-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/3-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/3-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/3-24x24.jpg 24w, https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/3-48x48.jpg 48w, https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/3-96x96.jpg 96w, https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/3.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0398\u03b5\u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ce\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bd\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2<\/h2>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0397 \u03b5\u03be\u03af\u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 <strong>\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 <\/strong> <\/h3>\n\n<p>\u0397 <strong>\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03be\u03af\u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7<\/strong> \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ad\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b9\u03b4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03bd. \u0399\u03b4\u03bf\u03cd \u03c0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03cd\u03c0\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9:<\/p>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. \u03a0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 <strong>\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc<\/strong> \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1<\/h4>\n\n<p>\u0397 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03ae\u03c2: <em>U=Q-W<\/em> \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 U \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b5\u03c3\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2, Q \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 W \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03b1.<\/p>\n\n<p>\u03a3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 <strong>\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2<\/strong>, \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 <em>(Q=0): U= -W<\/em><\/p>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">  2. \u0399\u03b4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b1\u03ad\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 <strong>\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n<p>\u03a4\u03bf \u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf W \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b1\u03ad\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc :<\/p>\n\n<p><em>W = P dV<\/em><\/p>\n\n<p>\u03a7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03be\u03af\u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b9\u03b4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b1\u03ad\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf (PV= nRT), \u03c4\u03bf P \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03bc\u03b5 <em>P= nRTV<\/em><\/p>\n\n<p>\u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03ad\u03bf\u03bd, \u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c3\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03b5\u03af \u03c9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03ae\u03c2: <em>U= nCvT <\/em> <\/p>\n\n<p>\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 n \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03b8\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03bd, R \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03ac \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03ad\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1,<strong> <\/strong>Cv \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc \u03cc\u03b3\u03ba\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 T \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. \u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03b9\u03c3\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2<\/h4>\n\n<p>\u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03b9\u03c3\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2, \u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 :<\/p>\n\n<p><em>n Cv dT = -nRT dVV<\/em><\/p>\n\n<p>\u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 :<\/p>\n\n<p><em>dTT = -RCvdVV<\/em><\/p>\n\n<p>\u0391\u03c2 \u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03ce\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03af\u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2:<\/p>\n\n<p><em>dTT=-RCv dVV  <\/em><\/p>\n\n<p>\u03a4\u03b1 \u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd :<\/p>\n\n<p><em>ln T + RCv lnV = \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03ac<\/em><\/p>\n\n<p>\u03a7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 = CpCv \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 R = Cp-Cv \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c6\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 <em>RCv= -1<\/em>.  <\/p>\n\n<p>\u039b\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5, <em>TV-1 = \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03ac<\/em><\/p>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. \u0395\u03be\u03af\u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd <strong>\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n<p>\u03a7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03be\u03af\u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b9\u03b4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b1\u03ad\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf \u03a4, \u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 <strong>\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b8\u03b5\u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ce\u03b4\u03b7 \u03b5\u03be\u03af\u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc<\/strong> \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1: PV = \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03ac<\/p>\n\n<p>\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 : P \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 V \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03cc\u03b3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b1, \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03c4\u03ae\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd, \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c9\u03c2 <strong>\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2<\/strong>.  <\/p>\n\n<p><strong>\u0397 \u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03be\u03af\u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7<\/strong> \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03cc\u03b3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 <strong>\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u03a0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 <strong>\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n<p>\u039f\u03b9<strong> \u03b5\u03c3\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03af \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc<\/strong> \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ad\u03c0\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd<strong> \u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03be\u03af\u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 <\/strong>, \u03b7 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 :  <\/p>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0398\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf <strong>\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n<p>\u039c\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd <strong>\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03be\u03af\u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7<\/strong> \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 Q=0 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bc\u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03bf \u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ae \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03be\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd. \u0388\u03bd\u03b1 <strong>\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1<\/strong> \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf. <\/p>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0395\u03c3\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 <strong>\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd<\/strong> \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2<\/h4>\n\n<p>\u03a3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 <strong>\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1<\/strong>, \u03b7 \u03b5\u03c3\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 (U) \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd (W) \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03ad\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5. \u0388\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9, \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03ae\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 <strong>\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2<\/strong> \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03cd\u03c0\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b5\u03c3\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03cc\u03b3\u03ba\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03c9\u03bd.<\/p>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u03a3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae  <\/strong><\/h4>\n\n<p>\u039f\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c3\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03af \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 <strong>\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc<\/strong> \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae, \u03b4\u03b9\u03ad\u03c0\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc<strong> <\/strong>\u03b7 \u03b5\u03be\u03af\u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7<strong> <\/strong><strong>P<\/strong><strong>V<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>= \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03ac<\/strong>. \u038c\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c6\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 <strong>\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7<\/strong>, \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1, \u03bf \u03cc\u03b3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03b7 <strong>\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03ac<\/strong>. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c3\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03b3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ae \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03be\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc, \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03bd\u03cd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9 \u03c0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03b7 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af, \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03ae, \u03b5\u03c3\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1, \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03cc\u03b3\u03ba\u03bf \u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5. <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 <strong>\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae<\/strong> \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1<\/h3>\n\n<p>\u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03b7\u03c4\u03cc, \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b8\u03ad\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ac \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae \u03b6\u03c9\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03cd\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd <strong>\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae <\/strong> \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1:<\/p>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"383\" height=\"648\" src=\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/3-exemples-dun-processus-adiabatique.png\" alt=\"3 &#x3C6;&#x3C9;&#x3C4;&#x3BF;&#x3B3;&#x3C1;&#x3B1;&#x3C6;&#x3AF;&#x3B5;&#x3C2; &#x3B7; &#x3BC;&#x3AF;&#x3B1; &#x3BA;&#x3AC;&#x3C4;&#x3C9; &#x3B1;&#x3C0;&#x3CC; &#x3C4;&#x3B7;&#x3BD; &#x3AC;&#x3BB;&#x3BB;&#x3B7;, &#x3B7; &#x3C0;&#x3C1;&#x3CE;&#x3C4;&#x3B7; &#x3BC;&#x3B9;&#x3B1; &#x3B1;&#x3BD;&#x3C4;&#x3BB;&#x3AF;&#x3B1; &#x3C0;&#x3BF;&#x3B4;&#x3B7;&#x3BB;&#x3AC;&#x3C4;&#x3BF;&#x3C5;, &#x3B7; &#x3B4;&#x3B5;&#x3CD;&#x3C4;&#x3B5;&#x3C1;&#x3B7; &#x3AD;&#x3BD;&#x3B1;&#x3C2; &#x3B5;&#x3C0;&#x3B5;&#x3BE;&#x3B5;&#x3C1;&#x3B3;&#x3B1;&#x3C3;&#x3C4;&#x3AE;&#x3C2; &#x3BA;&#x3B1;&#x3B9; &#x3B7; 3&#x3B7; &#x3C3;&#x3CD;&#x3BD;&#x3BD;&#x3B5;&#x3C6;&#x3B1;\" class=\"wp-image-35618\" style=\"width:250px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/3-exemples-dun-processus-adiabatique.png 383w, https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/3-exemples-dun-processus-adiabatique-177x300.png 177w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 383px) 100vw, 383px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0\">  \u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03bb\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b3\u03ad\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5: \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bb\u03af\u03b1, \u03bf \u03cc\u03b3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9, \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ae \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf. \u03a3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1, \u03bf \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03ad\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc, \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c8\u03cd\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>  \u0398\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd: \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2, \u03b7 \u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03b6\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af <strong>\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03ba\u03cd\u03ba\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2<\/strong>, \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03b5\u03c5\u03c7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03b7 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b8\u03ad\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li> \u03a3\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c6\u03ce\u03bd: \u03bf \u03c5\u03b3\u03c1\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b1\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03b2\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c6\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 <strong>\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae<\/strong> \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c4\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c8\u03cd\u03be\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1, \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03cd\u03ba\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c5\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bd\u03ad\u03c6\u03b7.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u03a0\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 <strong>\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd<\/strong> \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c2<\/h2>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0391\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b2\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n<p>\u0397 <strong>\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b2\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae<\/strong> \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ad\u03b3\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b2\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 &#8211; \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af qubits &#8211; \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd <strong>\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03ae<\/strong>, \u03c3\u03cd\u03bc\u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03bb\u03af\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c1\u03b3\u03ac \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03be\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b7 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03ae \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b2\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c0\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7, \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b2\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 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\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b8\u03b5\u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ce\u03b4\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5, \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b2\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bb\u03cd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bb\u03ac\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2, \u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03b1\u03b4\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b2\u03ad\u03bb\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03bb\u03cd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03bb\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n<p>\u0397 <strong>\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b2\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae<\/strong> \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b2\u03b5\u03bb\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2. \u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1, \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7, \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c8\u03b7 \u03bd\u03ad\u03c9\u03bd \u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03ac\u03ba\u03c9\u03bd, \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7, \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae \u03bd\u03bf\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7, \u03ba\u03c5\u03b2\u03b5\u03c1\u03bd\u03bf\u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ae \u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u039c\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae<\/h3>\n\n<p>\u039f\u03b9 <strong>\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2<\/strong> \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b8\u03b5\u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ce\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae, \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b2\u03b5\u03bb\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03ad\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c5\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b9\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2, \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03af\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2, \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03cd\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c3\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03cd\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2. <\/p>\n\n<p>\u039c\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03c9\u03c2 <strong>\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2<\/strong>, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03af\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd, \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c7\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b2\u03b5\u03bb\u03c4\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03cc\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b5\u03be\u03bf\u03c0\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0391\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c8\u03cd\u03be\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2<\/strong> \u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5<\/h3>\n\n<p>\u03a4\u03bf <strong>\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1<\/strong> \u03b2\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5<strong> <\/strong>\u03c8\u03cd\u03be\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03b5\u03be\u03ac\u03c4\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd. \u03a3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c8\u03cd\u03be\u03b7\u03c2, \u03c4\u03bf \u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc \u03b2\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03ac\u03c4\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5. \u038c\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c5\u03b3\u03c1\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03ad\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7, \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ac \u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1. \u039f \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2, \u03c4\u03ce\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03c5\u03b3\u03c1\u03cc\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03ac\u03c4\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7, \u03c5\u03c6\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 <strong>\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae<\/strong>. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf \u03b1\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b1\u03c1\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ae \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03be\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc. <\/p>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/1-1024x1024.jpg\" alt=\"1\" class=\"wp-image-33125\" style=\"width:211px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/1-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/1-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/1-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/1-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/1-24x24.jpg 24w, https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/1-48x48.jpg 48w, https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/1-96x96.jpg 96w, https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/1.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/2-1024x1024.jpg\" alt=\"2\" class=\"wp-image-33128\" style=\"width:211px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/2-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/2-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/2-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/2-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/2-24x24.jpg 24w, https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/2-48x48.jpg 48w, https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/2-96x96.jpg 96w, https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/2.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<p>\u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2, \u03bf \u03cc\u03b3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9, \u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1<strong> 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<\/p>\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n<p>\u03a3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac, \u03c4\u03bf <strong>\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1<\/strong> \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c2. \u0391\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03ae \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd <g id=\"gid_1\">\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd<\/g>, \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b1 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