{"id":93656,"date":"2023-01-10T11:03:47","date_gmt":"2023-01-10T09:03:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/conseils\/zone-atex-norme-atex-bases-protection-contre-risque-explosion\/"},"modified":"2025-05-06T08:43:28","modified_gmt":"2025-05-06T06:43:28","slug":"zone-atex-norme-atex-bases-protection-contre-risque-explosion","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/et\/meie-nouanne\/zone-atex-norme-atex-bases-protection-contre-risque-explosion\/","title":{"rendered":"Kuidas aitavad ATEXi standardid ja tsoonid ennetada plahvatusohtu?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>P\u00d5HILISED ATEX-M\u00c4\u00c4RATLUSED<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">MIS ON ATEXI S\u00dcMBOL?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u00f5nev\u00f5rra erinev t\u00e4hendus s\u00f5ltuvalt loetud dokumendist:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>ATEX<\/strong> = <strong>ATmosph\u00e8re EXplosive<\/strong> ja ATEX = ATmosph\u00e8re Explosible = ATmosph\u00e8re potentiellement EXplosive.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>See Euroopa direktiividest tuletatud l\u00fchend viitab atmosf\u00e4\u00e4rile t\u00f6\u00f6piirkonnas, kus esineb<strong> plahvatusoht<\/strong> ja mis n\u00f5uab <strong>t\u00f6\u00f6ohutuse<\/strong> tagamiseks spetsiaalseid kaitsestandardeid. ATEX v\u00f5ib tekkida k\u00f5ikjal: masinate v\u00f5i mahutite sees, t\u00f6\u00f6kohtades, ladudes jne. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Mis on<strong>plahvatusohtlik atmosf\u00e4\u00e4r<\/strong>?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8221; <strong>S\u00fcttivate ainete <\/strong>segunemine \u00f5huga atmosf\u00e4\u00e4ritingimustes gaasi, auru, udu v\u00f5i tolmu kujul, milles p\u00e4rast s\u00fcttimist levib p\u00f5lemine kogu p\u00f5lemata segule.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Mis on<strong>plahvatusohtlik atmosf\u00e4\u00e4r<\/strong>?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8220;Atmosf\u00e4\u00e4r, mis v\u00f5ib muutuda plahvatusohtlikuks kohalike ja t\u00f6\u00f6tingimuste t\u00f5ttu&#8221;. Atmosf\u00e4\u00e4r, isegi kui see koosneb tuleohtlikest ainetest, ei vasta tingimustele, mis asetavad selle <strong>plahvatusohtlikuks<\/strong>. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/pictogramme_atex_4.png\" alt=\"atex 4 piktogramm\" class=\"wp-image-19059\" width=\"225\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/pictogramme_atex_4.png 300w, https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/pictogramme_atex_4-150x300.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Mis vahe on <strong>ATEXi direktiivi ja ATEXi standardi<\/strong> vahel <strong>?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n<p><strong>Euroopa ATEXi direktiivid<\/strong> loovad raamistiku ettev\u00f5tete \u00f5iguslikule vastutusele. Need kehtestavad <strong>ohutusstandardid<\/strong> tsoonides, kus esineb plahvatusohtlik keskkond. Euroopa ATEXi direktiivide lisades on loetletud ATEXiga seotud \u00fcldised kaitsemeetmed. <strong>Euroopa ATEXi standardid<\/strong> t\u00e4psustavad neid kaitse- ja ohutusmeetmeid.   <\/p>\n\n<p>ATEXi Euroopa direktiivid ja standardid on loodud selleks, et tagada inimeste, seadmete ja kaitses\u00fcsteemide ohutus <strong>plahvatusohtlikus<\/strong> keskkonnas. ATEXi direktiivid ja standardid on siduvad t\u00f6\u00f6andjatele, tootjatele, paigaldajatele ja teistele. L\u00fchidalt \u00f6eldes k\u00f5ik ettev\u00f5tted, kes aitavad kaasa inimeste v\u00f5i seadmete viibimisele plahvatusohtlikus tsoonis. Need n\u00f5uavad ennetusmeetmete v\u00f5tmist ja t\u00f6\u00f6tajate kaitsmist <strong>plahvatusohtlikes piirkondades <\/strong>(ATEXi tsoonid). <strong>ATEXi<\/strong> direktiivid ja <strong>standardid<\/strong> m\u00e4\u00e4ratlevad seadmete, <a href=\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/conseils\/quelle-installation-daspiration-pour-mon-application\/\">paigaldiste<\/a>, kaitses\u00fcsteemide, kaitseriietuse jne kategooriad vastavalt ATEXi ohutsoonile. Need annavad raamistiku seadmete kategooria vastavuse tagamiseks n\u00f5utavale kaitsetasemele.       <\/p>\n\n<p>Seadmete kategooria vastab plahvatusohtliku keskkonna kategooria tsoonis esineva ohu tasemele. Standardites eristatakse <strong>ATEXi vastavushindamismenetluste<\/strong> eri tasemeid erinevate seadmekategooriate puhul s\u00f5ltuvalt sellest, kas tegemist on elektrilise v\u00f5i mitteelektrilise seadmega. S\u00f5ltuvalt ATEXi direktiivides m\u00e4\u00e4ratletud n\u00f5uete tasemest on teavitatud ATEXi sertifitseerimisasutus v\u00f5i tootja volitatud hindama ATEXi seadmete vastavust. ATEXi direktiivide kohaselt peavad t\u00f6\u00f6andjad koostama <strong>plahvatuskaitsedokumendi<\/strong>. Selles dokumendis vormistatakse t\u00f6\u00f6kohal v\u00f5etud meetmed plahvatusohu vastu.    <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Mis vahe on ATEXi tsoonide ja ATEXi tsoonide vahel?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n<p><strong>ATEXi tsoonide m\u00e4\u00e4ramisel<\/strong> jagatakse kohad, kus v\u00f5ib esineda plahvatusohtlik keskkond, 3 ATEXi ohustatud tsooni (ATEXi tsoon) kategooriasse.<\/p>\n\n<p>ATEXi tsoonikategooria on iga asukoha puhul <strong>plahvatusohtliku<\/strong> atmosf\u00e4\u00e4ri olemasolu taseme hindamise tulemus. <strong>ATEXi tsoonikategooria<\/strong> vastab <strong>ATEXi ohusageduse<\/strong> tasemele. ATEXi tsoonikategooria m\u00f5jutab ATEXi olemasolu korral v\u00f5etavate organisatsiooniliste ja tehniliste meetmete laadi. ATEXi standardites on m\u00e4\u00e4ratletud meetmed, mida kohaldatakse s\u00f5ltuvalt ATEXi tsooni kategooriast <strong>seadmete ohutuse<\/strong> ja t\u00f6\u00f6tajate kaitse suhtes. Eelk\u00f5ige soodustavad need ATEXi standardid <strong>plahvatusohtliku atmosf\u00e4\u00e4ri k\u00f5rvaldamist nendes tsoonides<\/strong>, kui mitte v\u00e4hendada plahvatusohtu, ning l\u00f5puks kaitsta inimesi ja seadmeid, kui <a href=\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/conseils\/aspiration-brouillard-huile-emulsion-quel-danger-fluides-coupe\/\">plahvatusoht<\/a> m\u00f5nes tsoonis realiseerub. ATEXi tsoonide m\u00e4\u00e4ramine n\u00e4itab<strong>ATEXi seadmete<\/strong> ja ATEXi kaitses\u00fcsteemide kategooriat, mis on lubatud ATEXi tsoonide kategoorias. ATEX-m\u00e4rgis n\u00e4itab, et seadmeid on hinnatud ja neil on ATEXi tsoonis tuvastatud plahvatusohu jaoks sobiv kaitsetase.      <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">ATEXi tsoonide kategooriad<\/h2>\n\n<table id=\"tablepress-180\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-180\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><\/td><th class=\"column-2\">Atmosph\u00e8re explosive compos\u00e9e d\u2019un m\u00e9lange :<\/th><td class=\"column-3\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Risque d\u2019explosion ATEX<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">air -gaz \/vapeur ou brouillard inflammables<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">air - poussi\u00e8res combustibles<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Permanent<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Zone ATEX 0<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Zone ATEX 20<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Occasionnel<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Zone ATEX 1<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Zone ATEX 21<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Potentiel<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Zone ATEX 2<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Zone ATEX 22<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><br\/>ATEX-tsoon, kus plahvatusohtliku atmosf\u00e4\u00e4ri moodustavad tuleohtlikud tolmud.<\/h2>\n\n<table id=\"tablepress-181\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-181\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n\t<th class=\"column-1\">Fonctionnement mat\u00e9riel ATEX<\/th><th class=\"column-2\">Pr\u00e9sence d\u2019ATEX<br \/>\n<br \/>\n<\/th><th class=\"column-3\">Lieu d\u2019ATEX<\/th><th class=\"column-4\">Cat\u00e9gorie de zone ATEX<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">normal<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">permanente<br \/>\n<br \/>\nlongue dur\u00e9e<br \/>\n<br \/>\nfr\u00e9quente<\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><br \/>\nInt\u00e9rieur d\u2019installations, \u00e9quipements (d\u00e9poussi\u00e9reurs, filtres, collecteurs de poussi\u00e8res\u2026)<br \/>\n<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Zone ATEX 20<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">normal<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">occasionnelle<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Proximit\u00e9 imm\u00e9diate de zone ATEX 20<br \/>\nPoints de remplissage \/ vidange (produits pulv\u00e9rulents)<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Zone ATEX 21<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">anormal<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">accidentelle<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Voisinage d\u2019appareils, syst\u00e8mes de protection contenant de la poussi\u00e8re pouvant s\u2019\u00e9chapper accidentellement en nuage de poussi\u00e8res<br \/>\nCouches, d\u00e9p\u00f4ts, tas de poussi\u00e8res combustibles susceptibles de former une atmosph\u00e8re explosive (surfaces impossibles \u00e0 aspirer\u2026)<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Zone ATEX 22<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">ATEX-piirkond, kus plahvatusohtliku atmosf\u00e4\u00e4ri moodustavad tuleohtlikud gaasid, aurud v\u00f5i udud.<\/h2>\n\n<table id=\"tablepress-182\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-182\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n\t<th class=\"column-1\">Fonctionnement mat\u00e9riel ATEX<\/th><th class=\"column-2\">Pr\u00e9sence d\u2019ATEX<\/th><th class=\"column-3\">Lieu d\u2019ATEX<\/th><th class=\"column-4\">Cat\u00e9gorie de zone \u00e0 risque ATEX<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">normal<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">permanente <br \/>\n<br \/>\nde longue dur\u00e9e <br \/>\n<br \/>\nfr\u00e9quente<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Int\u00e9rieur conteneurs de gaz inflammables, liquides inflammables\/combustibles.<br \/>\ncanalisations,<br \/>\nr\u00e9servoirs,<br \/>\nr\u00e9cipients<br \/>\n<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Zone ATEX 20<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">normal<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">occasionnelle<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Proximit\u00e9 imm\u00e9diate zone 0<br \/>\nProximit\u00e9 imm\u00e9diate des ouvertures du mat\u00e9riel :<br \/>\nouvertures d\u2019alimentation, \u00e9vents, vannes de prise d\u2019\u00e9chantillons \/de purge, ouvertures de remplissage \/vidange<br \/>\nPoints bas des installations : fosses de r\u00e9tention, caniveaux<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Zone ATEX 21<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">anormal<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">accidentelle<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Emplacements autour des zones 0 et 1,<br \/>\nBrides, connexions, vannes et raccords (tuyauterie)<br \/>\nCuvettes de r\u00e9tention<br \/>\nProximit\u00e9 imm\u00e9diate des tubes de niveau en verre, appareils en mat\u00e9riaux fragiles, tout appareil ou \u00e9l\u00e9ment susceptible de fuites<br \/>\n<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Zone ATEX 22<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">ALATES ATEXI TEKKE P\u00d5HJUSTEST KUNI PLAHVATUSE TAGAJ\u00c4RGEDENI<\/h2>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Millised on ATEXi moodustamise tingimused?<\/h3>\n\n<p><strong>P\u00f5levate ainete<\/strong> (gaas, aur, tolm) <strong>olemasolu<\/strong>, mis segunevad tsoonis atmosf\u00e4\u00e4riga, kujutab endast <strong>plahvatusohu algust<\/strong>. \u00dcmbritseva \u00f5hu ja p\u00f5levate toodete segu muutub ATEX-ks, kui see vastab plahvatusohuga seotud f\u00fc\u00fcsikalis-keemilistele standarditele. Mida homogeensem on \u00f5hu ja toote segu, seda<strong>plahvatusohtlikum on atmosf\u00e4\u00e4r<\/strong>. Need tingimused suurendavad plahvatusohtu, ilma et see p\u00f5hjustaks plahvatust ATEXi tsoonis.   <\/p>\n\n<table id=\"tablepress-183\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-183\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n\t<th class=\"column-1\">ATEX : mati\u00e8re inflammable:<\/th><th class=\"column-2\">Condition minimale de formation d\u2019ATEX<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">gaz<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Concentration du gaz dans l\u2019air suffisante pour que le risque d\u2019explosion du m\u00e9lange se concr\u00e9tise si une source d\u2019inflammation apparait<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">vapeur \u00e9mise par un liquide<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Temp\u00e9rature du liquide suscitant un d\u00e9gagement de vapeurs suffisant pour que la concentration de vapeurs dans l\u2019air atteigne la plage d\u2019explosibilit\u00e9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">poussi\u00e8re en nuage<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Niveau de concentration des poussi\u00e8res en suspension dans l\u2019air suffisant pour provoquer sous conditions une explosion<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Millised on ATEXi s\u00fc\u00fcteallikad?<\/h3>\n\n<p><strong>S\u00fc\u00fcteallikas<\/strong> toob ATEX-tsooni energia, mis k\u00e4ivitab p\u00f5lemisreaktsiooni v\u00e4lis\u00f5hu ja k\u00fctuse vahel. See tingimus, mis on vajalik<strong>ATEXi s\u00fcttimiseks<\/strong>, suurendab plahvatusohtu tsoonis, kuid ei ole iseenesest piisav, et tekitada plahvatus. N\u00e4ide: tikupuu p\u00f5hjustab gaasipliidi p\u00f5leva \u00f5hu ja butaani segu s\u00fcttimise, ilma et see plahvataks.  <\/p>\n\n<table id=\"tablepress-184\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-184\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n\t<th class=\"column-1\">Origine des sources d\u2019inflammation<\/th><th class=\"column-2\">Nature des sources d\u2019inflammation ATEX<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Electrique<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">\u00e9tincelle (arc \u00e9lectrique, courant \u00e9lectrique vagabond, \u2026<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">\u00c9lectrostatique<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">\u00e9tincelle (d\u00e9charge \u00e9lectrostatique), foudre, \u2026<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">M\u00e9canique<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">\u00e9tincelle (particules incandescentes), \u00e9chauffement par friction, \u2026<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Thermique<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">surfaces chaudes, flammes nues, travaux par points chauds, cigarettes, rayonnement solaire\u2026<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-6\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Chimique<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">r\u00e9actions exothermiques (auto-\u00e9chauffement, \u00e9chauffement par fermentation \u2026)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-7\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Autres<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">rayonnement ionisant, ondes \u00e9lectromagn\u00e9tiques, ultrasons, \u2026<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n<p>Tsoon on varustatud mitmesuguste <strong>ATEX-s\u00fc\u00fcteallikaid<\/strong> tekitavate seadmetega. ATEXi n\u00f5uetele vastavuse valideerimiseks eristatakse <a href=\"https:\/\/a2s-atex.com\/fr\/content\/11-les-directives-europeennes-atex\">Euroopa ATEXi eeskirjades<\/a> s\u00f5ltuvalt varustatava ATEXi tsooni kategooriast 2 seadmete kategooriat (elektriseadmed ja mitteelektrilised seadmed). <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Millised on plahvatuse tingimused ATEXi tsoonis?<\/h3>\n\n<p>ATEXi plahvatus k\u00e4ivitub, kui 6 tingimust ilmnevad samaaegselt.<\/p>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<p>3 elementi piisavas koguses <strong>ATEXi s\u00fc\u00fctamiseks<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Piirkonna atmosf\u00e4\u00e4ris olev <strong>p\u00f5lev toode<\/strong> (gaas, aur, tolm)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>P\u00f5lemisagent<\/strong> (hapnik atmosf\u00e4\u00e4rist), mis stimuleerib tsooni atmosf\u00e4\u00e4ris oleva k\u00fctuse p\u00f5lemist.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>S\u00fc\u00fcteallikas<\/strong> (nt elektriline s\u00e4de), mis annab piisava energia plahvatusohtliku atmosf\u00e4\u00e4ri s\u00fc\u00fctamiseks.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>3 p\u00f5lemiskiirendit, mis muudavad s\u00fcttimise plahvatuseks<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" start=\"4\">\n<li>Homogeenne hapnikusegu &#8211; p\u00f5lev toode (gaas\/aurud\/tolm) plahvatusohtlikus keskkonnas<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ATEXis on p\u00f5leva toote kontsentratsioon selle plahvatusohtlikus vahemikus.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Piisav isoleerimine, et saavutada <strong>\u00f5ige r\u00f5hk<\/strong> p\u00f5lemise kiirendamiseks.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/conditions-dexplosition-atex.png\" alt=\"atex t&#xF6;&#xF6;tingimused\" class=\"wp-image-19050\" width=\"350\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/conditions-dexplosition-atex.png 350w, https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/conditions-dexplosition-atex-300x257.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 350px) 100vw, 350px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Milline on ATEXi plahvatuse mehhanism?<\/h3>\n\n<p>ATEX puutub kokku s\u00fc\u00fcteallikaga.<strong>K\u00e4ivitub plahvatus<\/strong>: ATEXis olevate p\u00f5levate toodete kohene p\u00f5lemine, mille k\u00e4igus vabaneb intensiivne energia. Plahvatus toimub ATEXis olevate<strong>gaaside mahu, r\u00f5hu ja temperatuuri j\u00e4rsu t\u00f5usuna<\/strong>. See tekitab \u00fcler\u00f5hu laine, mis levib kiirusega 2-10 km\/s (plahvatusefekt), leegid ja soojuse vabanemine. Osa plahvatuslaine energiast purustab kokkupuutepinna v\u00f5i korpuse, millesse plahvatus\u00f5hk oli suletud, ning seej\u00e4rel paiskab purunenud materjali killud v\u00e4lja.    <\/p>\n\n<p>Seej\u00e4rel liigub<strong>plahvatuslaine<\/strong> \u00fclehelikiirusel kontsentrilistes tsoonides; seej\u00e4rel v\u00e4heneb see j\u00e4rk-j\u00e4rgult kahes etapis: \u00fcler\u00f5hu aeg (1 kuni 5 millisekundit) ja <strong>allasurve aeg<\/strong> (imemine), kuni ta langeb tagasi <strong>normaalsele atmosf\u00e4\u00e4rir\u00f5hule<\/strong> (5 kuni 25 ms). Plahvatuslaine v\u00e4heneb koos kauguse ja t\u00f6\u00f6piirkonna atmosf\u00e4\u00e4ri sisalduse tasemega. V\u00e4henemine on: v\u00e4ga v\u00e4ike, kui plahvatuslaine levib piki \u00fchte telge (seadmete vaheline \u00fchenduskanal jne), kiirem 2-m\u00f5\u00f5tmelisel levimisel (ruumid jne), v\u00e4ga kiire avatud keskkonnas (seadmed v\u00e4ljaspool ruume jne). Kaitses\u00fcsteemid piiravad plahvatust mitmel viisil: ventilatsiooniavad, lahti\u00fchenduss\u00fcsteemid jne.   <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Millised on ATEXi plahvatustega seotud ohud?<\/h3>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">ATEXi plahvatusohud t\u00f6\u00f6tajate ohutuse tagamiseks.<\/h4>\n\n<p>ATEXi plahvatuse korral t\u00f6\u00f6tajatele tekkivad ohud on aluseks nende kaitset ja ohutust k\u00e4sitlevatele eeskirjadele. <strong>Vigastusoht<\/strong> on erinev vastavalt sellele, millises tsoonis t\u00f6\u00f6taja plahvatusohuga kokku puutub. <\/p>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">L\u00f6\u00f6klaine p\u00f5hjustatud vigastuste oht :<\/h4>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>ohud, mis tulenevad<strong>plahvatuslaine<\/strong> kokkup\u00f5rkest \u00f5\u00f5nsate v\u00f5i gaasiga t\u00e4idetud kehaosadega.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>riskid, mis on seotud plahvatanud seadme v\u00f5i seadme plahvatusohtlike<strong>killustike m\u00f5juga<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>plahvatuslaine poolt t\u00f6\u00f6tajale tekitatud oht<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">ATEXi plahvatuse m\u00f5juga seotud vigastusohud seadmetele, seadmetele, materjalidele jne :<\/h4>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>p\u00f5letuste, purustamise, m\u00fcrgiste ainete sissehingamise oht<\/strong>; plahvatuse p\u00f5hjustatud h\u00e4vitamise ja s\u00fcttimise tagaj\u00e4rjed.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>riskid <strong>immuuns\u00fcsteemile ja n\u00e4rvis\u00fcsteemile <\/strong>m\u00fcrgiste ainete imendumise t\u00f5ttu<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">ATEXi seadmete plahvatusohud.<\/h4>\n\n<p>Plahvatuslaine ja atmosf\u00e4\u00e4ri s\u00fcttimine avaldavad m\u00f5ju seadmetele. Plahvatus v\u00f5ib <strong>p\u00f5hjustada l\u00e4hteseadme killustumist<\/strong>, kraatri tekkimist plahvatuse epitsentris, seadmeid v\u00f5i infrastruktuuri l\u00e4bip\u00f5letavate materjalifragmentide paiskumist, s\u00fcttinud materjalide paiskumist, mis on edasiste s\u00fcttimiste v\u00f5i plahvatuste allikaks (doominoefekt) jne. <\/p>\n\n<p>Kui ATEXi plahvatusega seotud riske on hinnatud, peab t\u00f6\u00f6andja v\u00f5tma mitmesuguseid meetmeid t\u00f6\u00f6tajate ja seadmete <strong>ohutuse<\/strong> ja kaitse <strong>tagamiseks<\/strong>: DRPCE, <strong>kaitses\u00fcsteemid ja -riietus<\/strong>, ATEXi seadmed jne.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>See l\u00fchend, mis tuleneb Euroopa direktiividest, viitab atmosf\u00e4\u00e4rile t\u00f6\u00f6piirkonnas, kus esineb plahvatusoht ja mis n\u00f5uab t\u00f6\u00f6ohutuse tagamiseks spetsiaalseid kaitsestandardeid. ATEX v\u00f5ib tekkida k\u00f5ikjal: masinate v\u00f5i mahutite sees, t\u00f6\u00f6kohtades, ladudes jne. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":93615,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"none","_seopress_titles_title":"Kuidas aitavad ATEXi standardid ennetada plahvatusi?","_seopress_titles_desc":"Sellest artiklist leiate k\u00f5ik p\u00f5hit\u00f5ed, mida peate teadma, kui t\u00f6\u00f6tate ATEXi tsoonis, kus on plahvatusoht.","_seopress_robots_index":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[296],"tags":[304],"class_list":["post-93656","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-meie-nouanne","tag-entete-vaike","generate-columns","tablet-grid-50","mobile-grid-100","grid-parent","grid-50","no-featured-image-padding","resize-featured-image"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/93656","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=93656"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/93656\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":93668,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/93656\/revisions\/93668"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/93615"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=93656"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=93656"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=93656"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}