{"id":93655,"date":"2023-01-10T11:03:47","date_gmt":"2023-01-10T09:03:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/nase-rada\/zone-atex-norme-atex-bases-protection-contre-risque-explosion\/"},"modified":"2025-05-06T08:43:28","modified_gmt":"2025-05-06T06:43:28","slug":"zone-atex-norme-atex-bases-protection-contre-risque-explosion","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/lt\/musu-patarimas\/zone-atex-norme-atex-bases-protection-contre-risque-explosion\/","title":{"rendered":"Kaip ATEX standartai ir zonos padeda i\u0161vengti sprogimo pavojaus?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>PAGRINDIN\u0116S ATEX APIBR\u0116\u017dTYS<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">KAS YRA &#8222;ATEX&#8221; SIMBOLIS?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Priklausomai nuo skaitomo dokumento reik\u0161m\u0117s \u0161iek tiek skiriasi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>ATEX<\/strong> = <strong>ATmosph\u00e8re EXplosive<\/strong> ir ATEX = ATmosph\u00e8re Explosible = ATmosph\u00e8re potentiellement EXplosive<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0160is akronimas, kil\u0119s i\u0161 Europos direktyv\u0173, rei\u0161kia atmosfer\u0105 darbo zonoje, kurioje yra<strong> sprogimo pavojus<\/strong> ir kuriai taikomi special\u016bs <strong>darbo saugos<\/strong> standartai. ATEX gali susidaryti bet kur: ma\u0161in\u0173 ar rezervuar\u0173 viduje, darbo vietose, sand\u0117liuose ir t. t. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kas yra<strong>sprogstamoji atmosfera<\/strong>?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8222;Atmosferos s\u0105lygomis <strong>degi\u0173j\u0173 med\u017eiag\u0173 <\/strong>mi\u0161inys su oru duj\u0173, gar\u0173, r\u016bko ar dulki\u0173 pavidalu, kuriame u\u017esidegus degimas apima vis\u0105 nesudegus\u012f mi\u0161in\u012f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kas yra<strong>sprogstamoji atmosfera<\/strong>?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8222;Atmosfera, kuri d\u0117l vietos ir eksploatavimo s\u0105lyg\u0173 gali tapti sprogstama&#8221;. Atmosfera, net jei j\u0105 sudaro degiosios med\u017eiagos, neatitinka s\u0105lyg\u0173, d\u0117l kuri\u0173 ji patenka \u012f <strong>sprogimo srit\u012f<\/strong>. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/pictogramme_atex_4.png\" alt=\"atex 4 piktograma\" class=\"wp-image-19059\" width=\"225\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/pictogramme_atex_4.png 300w, https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/pictogramme_atex_4-150x300.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kuo skiriasi <strong>ATEX direktyva ir ATEX standartas<\/strong>?<\/h3>\n\n<p><strong>Europos ATEX direktyvose<\/strong> nustatyta \u012fmoni\u0173 teisin\u0117 atsakomyb\u0117. Jos nustato <strong>saugos standartus<\/strong> zonose, kuriose yra sprogiosios atmosferos pavojus. Europos ATEX direktyv\u0173 prieduose i\u0161vardijamos su ATEX susijusios bendrosios apsaugos priemon\u0117s. <strong>Europos ATEX standartuose<\/strong> nurodytos \u0161ios apsaugos ir saugos priemon\u0117s   <\/p>\n\n<p>ATEX Europos direktyvos ir standartai skirti u\u017etikrinti \u017emoni\u0173, \u012frangos ir apsaugos sistem\u0173, esan\u010di\u0173 <strong>potencialiai sprogioje aplinkoje<\/strong>, saug\u0105. ATEX direktyvos ir standartai yra privalomi darbdaviams, gamintojams, montuotojams ir kitiems asmenims. Trumpai tariant, bet kuriai \u012fmonei, prisidedan\u010diai prie darbuotoj\u0173 ar \u012frangos buvimo sprogioje aplinkoje zonoje. Pagal jas reikalaujama imtis prevencini\u0173 priemoni\u0173 ir apsaugoti darbuotojus <strong>sprogimo pavojaus zonose <\/strong>(ATEX zonose). <strong>ATEX<\/strong> direktyvose ir <strong>standartuose<\/strong> apibr\u0117\u017eiama \u012frangos, <a href=\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/conseils\/quelle-installation-daspiration-pour-mon-application\/\">\u012frengini\u0173<\/a>, apsaugos sistem\u0173, apsaugini\u0173 drabu\u017ei\u0173 ir kt. kategorija pagal ATEX rizikos zon\u0105. Jos nustato \u012frangos kategorijos atitikim\u0105 reikalaujamam apsaugos lygiui.       <\/p>\n\n<p>\u012erangos kategorija atitinka sprogi\u0173j\u0173 zon\u0173 kategorijoje esant\u012f rizikos lyg\u012f. Standartuose i\u0161skiriami skirtingi <strong>ATEX atitikties<\/strong> \u012fvertinimo proced\u016br\u0173 lygiai skirtingoms \u012frangos kategorijoms, priklausomai nuo to, ar \u012franga yra elektrin\u0117, ar neelektrin\u0117. Priklausomai nuo ATEX direktyvose apibr\u0117\u017et\u0173 reikalavim\u0173 lygio, ATEX \u012frangos atitikt\u012f turi teis\u0119 vertinti notifikuotoji ATEX sertifikavimo \u012fstaiga arba gamintojas. Galiausiai ATEX direktyvose reikalaujama, kad darbdaviai parengt\u0173 <strong>apsaugos nuo sprogimo<\/strong> dokument\u0105 (EPD). \u0160iame dokumente \u012fforminamos darbo vietoje taikomos priemon\u0117s, apsaugan\u010dios nuo sprogimo pavojaus.    <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Kuo skiriasi ATEX zonavimas ir ATEX zonos?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n<p>Pagal <strong>ATEX zonavim\u0105<\/strong> vietos, kuriose gali susidaryti sprogi aplinka, skirstomos \u012f 3 kategorij\u0173 ATEX rizikos zonas (ATEX zona).<\/p>\n\n<p>ATEX zonos kategorija nustatoma \u012fvertinus kiekvienos vietos <strong>sprogiosios<\/strong> atmosferos buvimo lyg\u012f. <strong>ATEX zonos kategorija<\/strong> atitinka <strong>ATEX rizikos<\/strong> da\u017enio lyg\u012f. ATEX zonos kategorija turi \u012ftakos organizacini\u0173 ir technini\u0173 priemoni\u0173, kuri\u0173 reikia imtis esant ATEX, pob\u016bd\u017eiui. ATEX standartuose apibr\u0117\u017eiamos priemon\u0117s, taikytinos, atsi\u017evelgiant \u012f ATEX zonos kategorij\u0105, <strong>\u012frangos saugai<\/strong> ir darbuotoj\u0173 apsaugai. \u0160iais ATEX standartais vis\u0173 pirma skatinama <strong>pa\u0161alinti sprogi\u0105j\u0105 atmosfer\u0105 \u0161iose zonose<\/strong>, jei ne suma\u017einti sprogimo rizik\u0105, o galiausiai apsaugoti \u017emones ir \u012frang\u0105, jei <a href=\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/conseils\/aspiration-brouillard-huile-emulsion-quel-danger-fluides-coupe\/\">sprogimo rizika<\/a> zonoje materializuot\u0173si. ATEX zon\u0173 skirstymas \u012f zonas nurodo<strong>ATEX \u012frangos<\/strong> ir ATEX apsaugos sistem\u0173, kurias leid\u017eiama naudoti ATEX zon\u0173 kategorijoje, kategorij\u0105. ATEX \u017eenklinimas rodo, kad \u012franga buvo \u012fvertinta ir turi atitinkam\u0105 apsaugos lyg\u012f, atitinkant\u012f ATEX zonoje nustatyt\u0105 sprogimo rizik\u0105.      <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">ATEX zon\u0173 kategorijos<\/h2>\n\n<table id=\"tablepress-180\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-180\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><\/td><th class=\"column-2\">Atmosph\u00e8re explosive compos\u00e9e d\u2019un m\u00e9lange :<\/th><td class=\"column-3\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Risque d\u2019explosion ATEX<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">air -gaz \/vapeur ou brouillard inflammables<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">air - poussi\u00e8res combustibles<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Permanent<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Zone ATEX 0<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Zone ATEX 20<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Occasionnel<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Zone ATEX 1<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Zone ATEX 21<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Potentiel<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Zone ATEX 2<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Zone ATEX 22<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- #tablepress-180 from cache -->\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><br\/>ATEX zona, kurioje degiosios dulk\u0117s sudaro sprogi\u0105j\u0105 atmosfer\u0105<\/h2>\n\n<table id=\"tablepress-181\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-181\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n\t<th class=\"column-1\">Fonctionnement mat\u00e9riel ATEX<\/th><th class=\"column-2\">Pr\u00e9sence d\u2019ATEX<br \/>\n<br \/>\n<\/th><th class=\"column-3\">Lieu d\u2019ATEX<\/th><th class=\"column-4\">Cat\u00e9gorie de zone ATEX<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">normal<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">permanente<br \/>\n<br \/>\nlongue dur\u00e9e<br \/>\n<br \/>\nfr\u00e9quente<\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><br \/>\nInt\u00e9rieur d\u2019installations, \u00e9quipements (d\u00e9poussi\u00e9reurs, filtres, collecteurs de poussi\u00e8res\u2026)<br \/>\n<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Zone ATEX 20<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">normal<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">occasionnelle<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Proximit\u00e9 imm\u00e9diate de zone ATEX 20<br \/>\nPoints de remplissage \/ vidange (produits pulv\u00e9rulents)<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Zone ATEX 21<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">anormal<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">accidentelle<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Voisinage d\u2019appareils, syst\u00e8mes de protection contenant de la poussi\u00e8re pouvant s\u2019\u00e9chapper accidentellement en nuage de poussi\u00e8res<br \/>\nCouches, d\u00e9p\u00f4ts, tas de poussi\u00e8res combustibles susceptibles de former une atmosph\u00e8re explosive (surfaces impossibles \u00e0 aspirer\u2026)<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Zone ATEX 22<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- #tablepress-181 from cache -->\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">ATEX zona, kurioje sprogi\u0105j\u0105 atmosfer\u0105 sudaro degiosios dujos, garai ar r\u016bkas<\/h2>\n\n<table id=\"tablepress-182\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-182\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n\t<th class=\"column-1\">Fonctionnement mat\u00e9riel ATEX<\/th><th class=\"column-2\">Pr\u00e9sence d\u2019ATEX<\/th><th class=\"column-3\">Lieu d\u2019ATEX<\/th><th class=\"column-4\">Cat\u00e9gorie de zone \u00e0 risque ATEX<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">normal<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">permanente <br \/>\n<br \/>\nde longue dur\u00e9e <br \/>\n<br \/>\nfr\u00e9quente<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Int\u00e9rieur conteneurs de gaz inflammables, liquides inflammables\/combustibles.<br \/>\ncanalisations,<br \/>\nr\u00e9servoirs,<br \/>\nr\u00e9cipients<br \/>\n<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Zone ATEX 20<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">normal<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">occasionnelle<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Proximit\u00e9 imm\u00e9diate zone 0<br \/>\nProximit\u00e9 imm\u00e9diate des ouvertures du mat\u00e9riel :<br \/>\nouvertures d\u2019alimentation, \u00e9vents, vannes de prise d\u2019\u00e9chantillons \/de purge, ouvertures de remplissage \/vidange<br \/>\nPoints bas des installations : fosses de r\u00e9tention, caniveaux<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Zone ATEX 21<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">anormal<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">accidentelle<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Emplacements autour des zones 0 et 1,<br \/>\nBrides, connexions, vannes et raccords (tuyauterie)<br \/>\nCuvettes de r\u00e9tention<br \/>\nProximit\u00e9 imm\u00e9diate des tubes de niveau en verre, appareils en mat\u00e9riaux fragiles, tout appareil ou \u00e9l\u00e9ment susceptible de fuites<br \/>\n<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Zone ATEX 22<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- #tablepress-182 from cache -->\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">NUO VIR\u0160\u016aN\u0116S SUSIDARYMO PRIE\u017dAS\u010cI\u0172 IKI SPROGIMO PASEKMI\u0172.<\/h2>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kokios yra ATEX susidarymo s\u0105lygos?<\/h3>\n\n<p><strong>Degi\u0173j\u0173 med\u017eiag\u0173<\/strong> (duj\u0173, gar\u0173, dulki\u0173), susimai\u0161iusi\u0173 su atmosfera zonoje, <strong>buvimas<\/strong> yra <strong>sprogimo pavojaus prad\u017eia<\/strong>. Aplinkos oro ir degi\u0173j\u0173 produkt\u0173 mi\u0161inys tampa ATEX, jei atitinka fizikinius ir cheminius standartus, susijusius su sprogimo rizika. Kuo homogeni\u0161kesnis oro ir produkto mi\u0161inys, tuo<strong>sprogesn\u0117 atmosfera<\/strong>. \u0160ios s\u0105lygos didina sprogimo rizik\u0105, ta\u010diau nesukelia sprogimo ATEX zonoje.   <\/p>\n\n<table id=\"tablepress-183\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-183\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n\t<th class=\"column-1\">ATEX : mati\u00e8re inflammable:<\/th><th class=\"column-2\">Condition minimale de formation d\u2019ATEX<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">gaz<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Concentration du gaz dans l\u2019air suffisante pour que le risque d\u2019explosion du m\u00e9lange se concr\u00e9tise si une source d\u2019inflammation apparait<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">vapeur \u00e9mise par un liquide<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Temp\u00e9rature du liquide suscitant un d\u00e9gagement de vapeurs suffisant pour que la concentration de vapeurs dans l\u2019air atteigne la plage d\u2019explosibilit\u00e9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">poussi\u00e8re en nuage<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Niveau de concentration des poussi\u00e8res en suspension dans l\u2019air suffisant pour provoquer sous conditions une explosion<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- #tablepress-183 from cache -->\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kokie yra ATEX u\u017edegimo \u0161altiniai?<\/h3>\n\n<p><strong>U\u017edegimo \u0161altinis<\/strong> \u012f ATEX zon\u0105 tiekia energij\u0105, kuri sukelia degimo reakcij\u0105 tarp aplinkos oro ir kuro. \u0160i s\u0105lyga, kuri b\u016btina, kad<strong>ATEX u\u017esidegt\u0173<\/strong>, padidina sprogimo pavoj\u0173 zonoje, ta\u010diau pati savaime n\u0117ra pakankama sprogimui sukelti. Pavyzdys: degtukas sukelia dujin\u0117je virykl\u0117je esan\u010dio degaus oro ir butano mi\u0161inio u\u017esidegim\u0105, ta\u010diau nesprogsta.  <\/p>\n\n<table id=\"tablepress-184\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-184\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n\t<th class=\"column-1\">Origine des sources d\u2019inflammation<\/th><th class=\"column-2\">Nature des sources d\u2019inflammation ATEX<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Electrique<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">\u00e9tincelle (arc \u00e9lectrique, courant \u00e9lectrique vagabond, \u2026<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">\u00c9lectrostatique<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">\u00e9tincelle (d\u00e9charge \u00e9lectrostatique), foudre, \u2026<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">M\u00e9canique<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">\u00e9tincelle (particules incandescentes), \u00e9chauffement par friction, \u2026<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Thermique<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">surfaces chaudes, flammes nues, travaux par points chauds, cigarettes, rayonnement solaire\u2026<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-6\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Chimique<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">r\u00e9actions exothermiques (auto-\u00e9chauffement, \u00e9chauffement par fermentation \u2026)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-7\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Autres<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">rayonnement ionisant, ondes \u00e9lectromagn\u00e9tiques, ultrasons, \u2026<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- #tablepress-184 from cache -->\n\n<p>Zonoje \u012frengta \u012fvairi \u012franga, sukurianti <strong>ATEX u\u017edegimo \u0161altinius<\/strong>. Siekiant patvirtinti atitikt\u012f ATEX reikalavimams, priklausomai nuo \u012frengiamos ATEX zonos kategorijos, <a href=\"https:\/\/a2s-atex.com\/fr\/content\/11-les-directives-europeennes-atex\">Europos ATEX taisykl\u0117se<\/a> i\u0161skiriamos 2 \u012frangos kategorijos (elektrin\u0117 ir neelektrin\u0117 \u012franga). <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kokios yra sprogimo ATEX zonoje s\u0105lygos?<\/h3>\n\n<p>ATEX sprogimas \u012fvyksta, kai vienu metu atsiranda 6 s\u0105lygos.<\/p>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<p>3 elementai, kuri\u0173 kiekis yra pakankamas, kad <strong>u\u017esidegt\u0173 ATEX<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Degus produktas (<\/strong> dujos, garai, dulk\u0117s), esantis vietov\u0117s atmosferoje<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Degimo agentas<\/strong> (deguonis i\u0161 atmosferos), skatinantis zonos atmosferoje esan\u010dio kuro degim\u0105.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>u\u017edegimo \u0161altinis<\/strong> (pvz., elektros kibirk\u0161tis), suteikiantis pakankamai energijos sprogstamajai atmosferai u\u017edegti.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>3 degimo greitintuvai, kad u\u017edegimas virst\u0173 sprogimu<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" start=\"4\">\n<li>Vienalytis deguonies mi\u0161inys &#8211; degus produktas (dujos, garai ir dulk\u0117s) sprogioje aplinkoje<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ATEX atveju degiojo produkto koncentracija yra sprogimo ribose.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pakankama izoliacija, kad b\u016bt\u0173 pasiektas <strong>tinkamas sl\u0117gis<\/strong> degimui pagreitinti.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/conditions-dexplosition-atex.png\" alt=\"&quot;atex&quot; veikimo s&#x105;lygos\" class=\"wp-image-19050\" width=\"350\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/conditions-dexplosition-atex.png 350w, https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/conditions-dexplosition-atex-300x257.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 350px) 100vw, 350px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Koks yra ATEX sprogimo mechanizmas?<\/h3>\n\n<p>ATEX lie\u010diasi su u\u017edegimo \u0161altiniu.<strong>\u012evyksta sprogimas<\/strong>: ATEX esantys deg\u016bs produktai akimirksniu sudega ir i\u0161siskiria did\u017eiul\u0117 energija. Sprogimas \u012fvyksta<strong>staiga padid\u0117jus<\/strong> ATEX esan\u010di\u0173<strong>duj\u0173 t\u016briui, sl\u0117giui ir temperat\u016brai<\/strong>. D\u0117l to susidaro 2-10 km\/s grei\u010diu sklindanti vir\u0161sl\u0117gio banga (sprogimo efektas), kyla liepsnos ir i\u0161siskiria \u0161iluma. Dalis sprogimo bangos energijos sudau\u017eo kontaktin\u012f pavir\u0161i\u0173 arba gaubt\u0105, kuriame buvo u\u017edaryta sprogstamoji atmosfera, po to i\u0161meta sudu\u017eusios med\u017eiagos fragmentus.    <\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Sprogimo banga<\/strong> sklinda koncentrin\u0117mis zonomis vir\u0161garsiniu grei\u010diu; tada ji palaipsniui ma\u017e\u0117ja dviem etapais: pervir\u0161inio sl\u0117gio laikas (1-5 milisekund\u0117s) ir <strong>depresijos<\/strong> (\u012fsiurbimo <strong>) laikas,<\/strong> kol gr\u012f\u017eta \u012f <strong>normal\u0173 atmosferos sl\u0117g\u012f<\/strong> (5-25 ms). Sprogimo banga ma\u017e\u0117ja su atstumu ir atmosferos sulaikymo lygiu darbo zonoje. Ma\u017e\u0117jimas yra: labai ne\u017eymus, kai sprogimo banga sklinda i\u0161ilgai vienos a\u0161ies (jungiamasis kanalas tarp \u012frangos ir pan.), greitesnis, kai sklinda 2 dimensijomis (patalpos ir pan.), labai greitas atviroje aplinkoje (\u012franga u\u017e patalp\u0173 rib\u0173 ir pan.). Apsaugos sistemos riboja sprogim\u0105 \u012fvairiais b\u016bdais: ventiliacija, atskyrimo sistemos ir kt.   <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kokie pavojai kyla d\u0117l ATEX sprogim\u0173?<\/h3>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">ATEX sprogimo pavojus darbuotoj\u0173 saugai.<\/h4>\n\n<p>Darbuotojams kylanti rizika sprogimo atveju yra ATEX taisykli\u0173, reglamentuojan\u010di\u0173 j\u0173 apsaug\u0105 ir saug\u0105, pagrindas. <strong>Su\u017eeidimo rizika<\/strong> skiriasi priklausomai nuo zonos, kurioje darbuotojas patiria sprogimo pavoj\u0173. <\/p>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Su\u017eeidimo rizika d\u0117l sprogimo :<\/h4>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>pavojus, kylantis d\u0117l<strong>sprogimo bangos<\/strong> poveikio tu\u0161\u010diavidur\u0117ms ar dujomis u\u017epildytoms k\u016bno dalims.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>rizik\u0105, susijusi\u0105 su<strong>prognozuojam\u0173<\/strong> sprogusi\u0173 \u012frengini\u0173 ar \u012frangos<strong>fragment\u0173 poveikiu<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>rizika, kad darbuotoj\u0105 gali nublok\u0161ti sprogimo banga.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Su\u017ealojim\u0173 rizika, susijusi su ATEX sprogimo poveikiu \u012frenginiams, \u012frangai, med\u017eiagoms ir kt:<\/h4>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>nudegim\u0173, sutrai\u0161kymo, apsinuodijimo toksin\u0117mis med\u017eiagomis pavojus<\/strong>; sprogimo sukeltos destrukcijos ir u\u017esidegimo pasekm\u0117s<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>pavojus <strong>imuninei ir nerv\u0173 <\/strong>sistemoms d\u0117l toksini\u0173 med\u017eiag\u0173 absorbcijos.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">ATEX sprogimo pavojus \u012frangai.<\/h4>\n\n<p>Sprogimo banga ir atmosferos u\u017esidegimas sukelia poveik\u012f \u012frangai. Sprogimas gali <strong>sukelti \u0161altinio \u012frenginio fragmentacij\u0105<\/strong>, sprogimo epicentre gali atsirasti krateris, med\u017eiagos fragmentai gali i\u0161mesti \u012frang\u0105 ar infrastrukt\u016br\u0105, u\u017edegtos med\u017eiagos gali i\u0161mesti tolesni\u0173 u\u017esidegim\u0173 ar sprogim\u0173 \u0161altin\u012f (domino efektas) ir t. t. <\/p>\n\n<p>\u012evertin\u0119s su ATEX sprogimu susijusi\u0105 rizik\u0105, darbdavys turi imtis \u012fvairi\u0173 priemoni\u0173 darbuotoj\u0173 ir \u012frangos <strong>saugai<\/strong> ir apsaugai <strong>u\u017etikrinti<\/strong>: DRPCE, <strong>apsaugin\u0117s sistemos ir drabu\u017eiai<\/strong>, ATEX \u012franga ir kt.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0160is akronimas, kil\u0119s i\u0161 Europos direktyv\u0173, rei\u0161kia atmosfer\u0105 darbo zonoje, kurioje yra sprogimo pavojus ir kuriai taikomi special\u016bs darbo saugos standartai. ATEX gali susidaryti bet kur: ma\u0161in\u0173 ar rezervuar\u0173 viduje, darbo vietose, sand\u0117liuose ir t. t. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":93621,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"none","_seopress_titles_title":"Kaip ATEX standartai padeda i\u0161vengti sprogim\u0173?","_seopress_titles_desc":"\u0160iame straipsnyje rasite visus pagrindinius dalykus, kuriuos turite \u017einoti, jei dirbate ATEX zonoje, kurioje kyla sprogimo pavojus.","_seopress_robots_index":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[135],"tags":[136],"class_list":["post-93655","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-musu-patarimas","tag-entete-mazas","generate-columns","tablet-grid-50","mobile-grid-100","grid-parent","grid-50","no-featured-image-padding","resize-featured-image"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/93655","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=93655"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/93655\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":93667,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/93655\/revisions\/93667"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/93621"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=93655"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=93655"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=93655"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}