{"id":40718,"date":"2024-01-02T15:02:54","date_gmt":"2024-01-02T13:02:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/non-classifiee\/rupnieciskie-procesi-un-spradziena-vai-ugunsgreka-risku-noversana-ar-rupnieciskajiem-puteklu-savacejiem\/"},"modified":"2025-04-15T10:19:58","modified_gmt":"2025-04-15T08:19:58","slug":"procedes-industriels-prevention-risques-explosion-depoussiereurs-industriels","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/lv\/musu-padoms\/procedes-industriels-prevention-risques-explosion-depoussiereurs-industriels\/","title":{"rendered":"R\u016bpnieciskie procesi un spr\u0101dziena vai ugunsgr\u0113ka risku nov\u0113r\u0161ana, izmantojot r\u016bpnieciskos putek\u013cu sav\u0101c\u0113jus"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Daudz\u0101s r\u016bpnieciskaj\u0101s sist\u0113m\u0101s<\/strong> tiek izmantoti viegli uzliesmojo\u0161i pulverveida produkti vai rodas dego\u0161i putek\u013ci. \u0160o ra\u017eo\u0161anas sist\u0113mu darb\u012bba rada ugunsgr\u0113ka un spr\u0101dziena risku. \u0160ie riski izriet no izmantoto produktu un procesu \u012bpa\u0161\u012bb\u0101m. T\u0101p\u0113c ties\u012bbu aktos par darba \u0146\u0113m\u0113ju dro\u0161\u012bbu un vides aizsardz\u012bbu ir noteikts, ka uz\u0146\u0113mumiem ir j\u0101uzst\u0101da atbilsto\u0161i profilakses un aizsardz\u012bbas l\u012bdzek\u013ci. Visizplat\u012bt\u0101kais prevent\u012bvais pas\u0101kums ir <strong>da\u013ci\u0146u suspensijas un to koncentr\u0101cijas<\/strong> kontrole <strong>apk\u0101rt\u0113j\u0101 gais\u0101<\/strong> vai iek\u0101rt\u0101s. To pan\u0101k, izmantojot s\u016bkn\u0113\u0161anas un filtr\u0113\u0161anas sist\u0113mas, kas paredz\u0113tas putek\u013cu aizv\u0101k\u0161anai no procesiem.     <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">K\u0101 rodas ugunsgr\u0113ks vai spr\u0101dziens, ja tiek izmantoti pulverveida produkti vai ja izdal\u0101s putek\u013ci?<\/h2>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"585\" src=\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/feu-brulant-fumee-nature-enfer-destructeur-dechaine-ia-generative-1024x585.jpg\" alt=\"Spr&#x101;dziens r&#x16B;pniecisk&#x101; vid&#x113;\" class=\"wp-image-27444\" style=\"width:586px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/feu-brulant-fumee-nature-enfer-destructeur-dechaine-ia-generative-1024x585.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/feu-brulant-fumee-nature-enfer-destructeur-dechaine-ia-generative-300x171.jpg 300w, https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/feu-brulant-fumee-nature-enfer-destructeur-dechaine-ia-generative-768x439.jpg 768w, https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/feu-brulant-fumee-nature-enfer-destructeur-dechaine-ia-generative-1536x878.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/feu-brulant-fumee-nature-enfer-destructeur-dechaine-ia-generative-2048x1170.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n<p>Da\u017eas <strong>r\u016bpniecisk\u0101s darb\u012bbas,<\/strong> jo \u012bpa\u0161i t\u0101s, kur\u0101s tiek izmantoti pulveri, izklied\u0113 gais\u0101 putek\u013cus, kas var izrais\u012bt spr\u0101dzienu vai ugunsgr\u0113ku. T\u0101s rada dego\u0161u putek\u013cu m\u0101koni, kas veido<strong> spr\u0101dzienb\u012bstamu atmosf\u0113ru<\/strong> (ATEX). ATEX eksplod\u0113, ja ir izpild\u012bti attiec\u012bgie nosac\u012bjumi.    <\/p>\n\n<p>V\u0113l viena iesp\u0113ja ir, ka putek\u013cu m\u0101konis nos\u0113\u017eas. Tad putek\u013ci sl\u0101\u0146os uzkr\u0101jas uz apr\u012bkojuma un darbn\u012bcas gr\u012bdas. Atkar\u012bb\u0101 no iek\u0101rtas karstuma vai da\u013ci\u0146u \u0137\u012bmisk\u0101 sast\u0101va \u0161\u012b putek\u013cu masa var rad\u012bt pa\u0161sasil\u0161anu vai pirol\u012bzi, izraisot ugunsgr\u0113ku vai spr\u0101dzienu.    <\/p>\n\n<p><strong>\u0160o par\u0101d\u012bbu ra\u0161an\u0101s<\/strong> prasa \u012bpa\u0161us nosac\u012bjumus, kurus m\u0113s apkopojam turpm\u0101k (s\u012bk\u0101ku inform\u0101ciju skatiet detaliz\u0113tos ATEX pantos).<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">K\u0101 notiek putek\u013cu pa\u0161sasil\u0161ana un k\u0101das ir sekas?<\/h3>\n\n<p>Da\u017eu putek\u013cu nogul\u0161\u0146u<strong> \u012bpa\u0161ais \u0137\u012bmiskais sast\u0101vs<\/strong> var izrais\u012bt spont\u0101nu eksotermisku \u0137\u012bmisku reakciju. Nogul\u0161\u0146u apst\u0101k\u013ci var izrais\u012bt \u0101tr\u0101ku siltuma izdal\u012b\u0161anos nek\u0101 t\u0101 izkliedi apk\u0101rt\u0113j\u0101 gais\u0101. Tad putek\u013cu sl\u0101\u0146a temperat\u016bra paaugstin\u0101s, reakcijas sist\u0113mai nepievienojot \u0101r\u0113ju siltumu. T\u0101 ir pa\u0161sasil\u0161ana. Temperat\u016bras paaugstin\u0101\u0161an\u0101s pa\u0101trina reakcijas \u0101trumu un l\u012bdz ar to pa\u0101trina siltuma pieaugumu. S\u0101kotn\u0113ji l\u0113ns kars\u0113\u0161an\u0101s process var progres\u0113t l\u012bdz <strong>kv\u0113lin\u0101\u0161anai vai pa\u0161ai aizdeg\u0161anai<\/strong>. Atkar\u012bb\u0101 no viet\u0113j\u0101s vides apst\u0101k\u013ciem (pret siltuma pl\u016bsmu jut\u012bga materi\u0101la kl\u0101tb\u016btne, uzliesmojo\u0161u putek\u013cu m\u0101ko\u0146a kl\u0101tb\u016btne u. c.), reakcija var izrais\u012bt ugunsgr\u0113ku vai spr\u0101dzienu. T\u0101p\u0113c pa\u0161saskar\u0161anas fenomens ir ugunsgr\u0113ka un spr\u0101dziena priek\u0161noteikums.       <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">K\u0101 notiek putek\u013cu pirol\u012bze un k\u0101das ir t\u0101s sekas?<\/h3>\n\n<p>Pirol\u012bze ir <strong>organisk\u0101 produkta \u0137\u012bmiska sadal\u012b\u0161an\u0101s<\/strong> liel\u0101 karstum\u0101 un atmosf\u0113r\u0101 ar zemu sk\u0101bek\u013ca saturu vai bez sk\u0101bek\u013ca.  <\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Putek\u013cu nogulsnes pa\u0161sasil\u0161ana<\/strong> vai siltuma pl\u016bsma no karstas virsmas, uz kuras atrodas putek\u013cu nogulsne, var rad\u012bt pirol\u012bzes g\u0101zes nogulsnes da\u013c\u0101 ar zemu sk\u0101bek\u013ca saturu vai bez sk\u0101bek\u013ca.  <\/p>\n\n<p>\u0160\u012bs g\u0101zes var uzkr\u0101ties atmosf\u0113r\u0101. Pirol\u012bzi izrais\u012bjus\u012b<strong>termisk\u0101 ener\u0123ija<\/strong> vai cits ener\u0123ijas avots var aizdedzin\u0101t \u0161\u012bs g\u0101zes. Atkar\u012bb\u0101 no to koncentr\u0101cijas aizdeg\u0161an\u0101s izraisa ugunsgr\u0113ku vai spr\u0101dzienu. T\u0101pat k\u0101 pa\u0161sasil\u0161ana, ar\u012b putek\u013cu pirol\u012bze ir ugunsgr\u0113ka vai spr\u0101dziena priek\u0161noteikums.   <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">K\u0101di ir putek\u013cu ugunsgr\u0113ka nosac\u012bjumi?<\/h3>\n\n<p><strong>Putek\u013cu ugunsgr\u0113ks<\/strong> rodas, degot degg\u0101z\u0113m, kas izdal\u0101s, pirol\u012bzes laik\u0101 sadaloties putek\u013ciem. Ugunsgr\u0113ks s\u0101kas, ja ir pietiekams daudzums tr\u012bs elementu: degviela (g\u0101ze), oksid\u0113t\u0101js (sk\u0101beklis gais\u0101) un aktiv\u0101cijas ener\u0123ija (karstums, dzirkstele, \u0101r\u0113ja liesma u. c.). Degtsp\u0113j\u012bgo g\u0101zu pak\u0101peniska dif\u016bzija, p\u0113c tam to sajauk\u0161an\u0101s ar gaisu veicina uguns liesmu. Liesma rada toksiskus d\u016bmus un siltuma pl\u016bsmu, kas pal\u012bdz uguns izplat\u012bties.<strong> Siltuma pl\u016bsmas starojums <\/strong>var izrais\u012bt spiedtvert\u0146u vai citu dego\u0161u materi\u0101lu eksploziju.      <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">K\u0101di ir putek\u013cu spr\u0101dziena apst\u0101k\u013ci?<\/h3>\n\n<p><strong>Spr\u0101dziens ir<\/strong> spr\u0101dzienb\u012bstamas atmosf\u0113ras <strong>moment\u0101na sadeg\u0161ana<\/strong>, atbr\u012bvojot sp\u0113c\u012bgu ener\u0123iju (ATEX). To pavada strauja ATEX g\u0101zu tilpuma, temperat\u016bras un spiediena palielin\u0101\u0161an\u0101s. <\/p>\n\n<p>Past\u0101v se\u0161i nosac\u012bjumi, lai izrais\u012btu putek\u013cu spr\u0101dzienu. Tr\u012bs no tiem ir tie pa\u0161i, kas izraisa ugunsgr\u0113ku: vienlaic\u012bga gaisa, putek\u013cu un <strong>aizdeg\u0161an\u0101s avota<\/strong> kl\u0101tb\u016btne. Tr\u012bs pa\u0101trina deg\u0161anas reakciju: granulometrisk\u0101 smalkums, kas \u013cauj putek\u013ciem homog\u0113ni suspend\u0113ties gais\u0101, putek\u013cu koncentr\u0101cija gais\u0101, kas sasniedz spr\u0101dzienb\u012bstam\u012bbas robe\u017eu, un pietiekams nosl\u0113gt\u012bbas l\u012bmenis, lai spiediens darbotos k\u0101 deg\u0161anas pa\u0101trin\u0101t\u0101js.    <\/p>\n\n<p>ATEX putek\u013cu veido\u0161an\u0101s telp\u0101s un darba iek\u0101rt\u0101s. Spr\u0101dziena<strong> rad\u012btais termiskais un spiediena efekts<\/strong> apdraud darba vidi un personu dro\u0161\u012bbu. <\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"479\" height=\"351\" src=\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/hexagone_de_lexplosion.png\" alt=\"spr&#x101;dziena se&#x161;st&#x16B;ris\" class=\"wp-image-27449\" srcset=\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/hexagone_de_lexplosion.png 479w, https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/hexagone_de_lexplosion-300x220.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 479px) 100vw, 479px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">K\u0101da ir at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bba starp putek\u013cu ugunsgr\u0113ku un putek\u013cu spr\u0101dzienu?<\/h3>\n\n<p><strong>Spr\u0101dziena<\/strong> un ugunsgr\u0113ka <strong>konteksts at\u0161\u0137iras no<\/strong> ugunsgr\u0113ka konteksta, lai gan katra par\u0101d\u012bba var izrais\u012bt otru.  <\/p>\n\n<p>Spr\u0101dziena gad\u012bjum\u0101 jau iepriek\u0161 ir izveidojies dego\u0161u putek\u013cu un gaisa mais\u012bjums. Iepriek\u0161 sajaukt\u0101 liesma pati izplat\u0101s, veidojot deg\u0161anas vilni.   <\/p>\n\n<p>Ugunsgr\u0113k\u0101 putek\u013cu pirol\u012bze nodro\u0161ina degvielu g\u0101zes veid\u0101. Aizdegas pirol\u012bzes g\u0101zes un gaisa mais\u012bjums. Dif\u016bzijas liesma saglab\u0101jas tik ilgi, kam\u0113r to baro putek\u013ci.    <\/p>\n\n<p>T\u0101 k\u0101 spr\u0101dzien\u0101 rea\u0123\u0113jo\u0161\u0101s vielas ir iepriek\u0161 sajauktas, spr\u0101dziena<strong> ener\u0123ijas daudzums ir daudz liel\u0101ks nek\u0101 ugunsgr\u0113ka gad\u012bjum\u0101<\/strong>. Ugunsgr\u0113k\u0101 deg\u0161anas g\u0101zu dif\u016bzijas \u0101trums caur putek\u013ciem un sajauk\u0161an\u0101s ar gaisu nosaka par\u0101d\u012bbas kin\u0113tiku, kas ir daudz l\u0113n\u0101ka nek\u0101 spr\u0101dzien\u0101. <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">P\u0101rskats par ugunsgr\u0113kiem un putek\u013cu spr\u0101dzieniem piem\u0113rojamajiem normat\u012bvajiem noteikumiem.<\/h2>\n\n<p>Putek\u013cu izrais\u012bti<strong> spr\u0101dzieni un ugunsgr\u0113ki<\/strong> ietekm\u0113 darbinieku dro\u0161\u012bbu un izn\u012bcina iek\u0101rtas darba viet\u0101, k\u0101 ar\u012b var ietekm\u0113t vidi. T\u0101p\u0113c Darba kodekss un Vides kodekss nodro\u0161ina pamatu \u0161o par\u0101d\u012bbu nov\u0113r\u0161anai. Daudzos gad\u012bjumos tie ir Eiropas ties\u012bbu aktu transpon\u0113\u0161ana.<strong>Darba dev\u0113jam ir j\u0101nodro\u0161ina, lai telpas<\/strong> un prevent\u012bv\u0101s un aizsardz\u012bbas sist\u0113mas atbilstu noteikumiem.   <\/p>\n\n<p>Attiec\u012bb\u0101 uz ugunsgr\u0113ku Francijas Darba kodekss reglament\u0113 telpu iek\u0101rtojumu (evaku\u0101cijas l\u012bdzek\u013cu ievie\u0161ana), darbinieku aizsardz\u012bbu (signaliz\u0101cijas un ugunsdz\u0113\u0161amo apar\u0101tu uzst\u0101d\u012b\u0161ana utt.) un nelaimes gad\u012bjumu nov\u0113r\u0161anu.<\/p>\n\n<p>Attiec\u012bb\u0101 uz spr\u0101dzieniem Francijas Darba kodekss nosaka, ka darba dev\u0113jiem ir j\u0101izv\u0113rt\u0113 ar ATEX (spr\u0101dzienb\u012bstama vide) saist\u012btie riski un j\u0101veic \u012bpa\u0161i pas\u0101kumi, lai nodro\u0161in\u0101tu spr\u0101dzienu nov\u0113r\u0161anu un darbinieku dro\u0161\u012bbu un aizsardz\u012bbu spr\u0101dziena gad\u012bjum\u0101. Tas attiecas uz   <\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>zonu, kur\u0101s <\/strong>var\u0113tu veidoties <strong>ATEX, defin\u012bcija <\/strong>(skat\u012bt ATEX zon\u0113jumu).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>organizatoriskie pas\u0101kumi<\/strong> darbiniekiem, kas pak\u013cauti spr\u0101dziena riskam<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ATEX zon\u0101s darbsp\u0113j\u012bgu<strong> iek\u0101rtu izv\u0113le.<\/strong> <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>ATEX zonas apz\u012bm\u0113jums<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>T\u0101pat k\u0101 attiec\u012bb\u0101 uz putek\u013cu m\u0101ko\u0146iem, noteikumi nosaka, ka putek\u013cu sl\u0101\u0146i, nogulsnes un kaudzes ir ATEX avoti.<\/p>\n\n<p>Francijas <strong>Vides kodekss<\/strong> attiecas uz ugunsgr\u0113kiem un spr\u0101dzieniem kopum\u0101 un jo \u012bpa\u0161i uz to ietekmi uz teritorij\u0101m, kas atrodas ICPE (Installations Class\u00e9es pour la Protection de l&#8217;Environnement) tuvum\u0101. ICPE nomenklat\u016bra klasific\u0113 \u0161\u012bs iek\u0101rtas atkar\u012bb\u0101 no izmantotaj\u0101m vai ra\u017eotaj\u0101m viel\u0101m un darb\u012bbu b\u012bstam\u012bbas. Nomenklat\u016bra atsaucas uz Vides kodeks\u0101 un Eiropas regul\u0101s (\u012bpa\u0161i Seveso 3) noteiktajiem pas\u0101kumiem. T\u0101s poz\u012bcijas defin\u0113 uzliesmojo\u0161as vielas (jo \u012bpa\u0161i uzliesmojo\u0161as ciet\u0101s vielas, uzliesmojo\u0161i produkti) un spr\u0101dzienb\u012bstamus produktus, kas var izrais\u012bt ugunsgr\u0113kus vai spr\u0101dzienus. \u0160aj\u0101 nomenklat\u016br\u0101 j\u0101iek\u013cauj putek\u013ci, kas rodas produktu vai darb\u012bbu rezult\u0101t\u0101.    <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">R\u016bpnieciskie procesi un ugunsgr\u0113ka vai spr\u0101dziena risks<\/h2>\n\n<p>R\u016bpniec\u012bbas procesos, kuros izmanto dego\u0161us pulverveida produktus, neizb\u0113gami rodas putek\u013cu m\u0101ko\u0146i un nogulsnes. T\u0101p\u0113c past\u0101v ugunsgr\u0113ka vai spr\u0101dziena risks. Ieteicamais profilakses pas\u0101kums ir<strong>putek\u013cu nos\u016bces sist\u0113mas<\/strong> uzst\u0101d\u012b\u0161ana.  <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Produktu p\u0101rvieto\u0161anas procesi un spr\u0101dziena un ugunsgr\u0113ka risks<\/h3>\n\n<p>Nozar\u0113 tiek izmantoti da\u017e\u0101di pulveru p\u0101rvieto\u0161anas procesi, kas piel\u0101goti kust\u012bbas as\u012bm (horizont\u0101li, vertik\u0101li, ar sl\u012bpumu): konveijeru lentes, \u0137\u0113des konveijeri, Arhim\u0113da skr\u016bves, kausu pac\u0113l\u0101ji, pneimatiskais transports.  <\/p>\n\n<p>Pneimatisk\u0101s transport\u0113\u0161anas gad\u012bjum\u0101, kuras pamat\u0101 ir produkta da\u013ci\u0146u suspend\u0113\u0161ana gais\u0101, caurul\u0113 var izveidoties ATEX. Citos transport\u0113\u0161anas veidos produkta iepild\u012b\u0161ana vien\u0101 iek\u0101rtas gal\u0101 un izvad\u012b\u0161ana otr\u0101 vai transport\u0113\u0161anas vibr\u0101cijas rada putek\u013cu m\u0101ko\u0146us. Ja iek\u0101rta ir sl\u0113gta, ATEX var veidoties<strong> iekrau\u0161anas un izkrau\u0161anas viet\u0101s<\/strong> un to tuvum\u0101. Ja iek\u0101rta nav norobe\u017eota, ATEX apdraud\u0113jums var rasties vis\u0101 telp\u0101.     <\/p>\n\n<p>Gais\u0101 eso\u0161o putek\u013cu nogulsn\u0113\u0161an\u0101s rada nogulsnes. Pat tad, ja ier\u012bce ir nosl\u0113gta, putek\u013ci uzkr\u0101jas zem ier\u012bces un ap to; bl\u012bv\u0113jums nekad nav piln\u012bgs. Noteikumos putek\u013cu nogulsnes tiek uzskat\u012btas par potenci\u0101lu ATEX.    <\/p>\n\n<p>T\u0101di notikumi k\u0101 aiz\u0137er\u0161an\u0101s un berze starp meh\u0101niskaj\u0101m da\u013c\u0101m, kas saist\u012bti ar iek\u0101rtu darb\u012bbas trauc\u0113jumiem, rada siltumu, kas <strong>var b\u016bt ATEX aizdeg\u0161an\u0101s<\/strong> avots. Pneimatisk\u0101s transport\u0113\u0161anas gad\u012bjum\u0101 liela \u0101truma berze starp da\u013ci\u0146\u0101m un cauru\u013cu sieni\u0146\u0101m rada da\u013ci\u0146u un apr\u012bkojuma elektrostatisko uzl\u0101di. Elektrostatisk\u0101 izl\u0101de bie\u017ei ir ATEX spr\u0101dziena c\u0113lonis \u0161\u0101d\u0101s iek\u0101rt\u0101s. Visbeidzot, triecieni, ko izraisa met\u0101la vai miner\u0101lu elementi, kas ir sve\u0161i procesam, var izrais\u012bt ATEX uzliesmojumu.   <\/p>\n\n<p>Transport\u0113\u0161anas procesu av\u0101rijasolo\u0123ija jo \u012bpa\u0161i zi\u0146o par ugunsgr\u0113kiem uz konveijera lent\u0113m, spr\u0101dzieniem lifta kausos un pneimatiskaj\u0101s caurul\u0113s.<\/p>\n\n<p>Ugunsgr\u0113ka un spr\u0101dziena nov\u0113r\u0161anas pas\u0101kumi ietver :  <\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>putek\u013cu m\u0101ko\u0146u novad\u012b\u0161ana<\/strong> iek\u0101rtas kritiena viet\u0101s un\/vai korpus\u0101, izmantojot putek\u013cu novad\u012b\u0161anas sist\u0113mu,  <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>putek\u013cu nos\u0113dumu ies\u016bk\u0161ana \u0101rpus ier\u012bces (ATEX putek\u013cu s\u016bc\u0113js),  <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>iezem\u0113ts, lai nov\u0113rstu elektrostatisko izl\u0101di,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>kontroles r\u012bki, lai noteiktu neparastu berzi un sakar\u0161anu.  <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong> \u0101r\u0113jo aizdeg\u0161an\u0101s avotu<\/strong> (karstie punkti, darbs utt.)<strong> nov\u0113r\u0161ana<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Aizsardz\u012bba pret ugunsgr\u0113ku un spr\u0101dzienu ietver :  <\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>iek\u0101rtu atvieno\u0161ana, <\/strong>lai nov\u0113rstu uguns izplat\u012b\u0161anos,  <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Apr\u012bkot iek\u0101rtas<\/strong> ar ventil\u0101cijas atver\u0113m vai spiediena paaugstin\u0101\u0161anas iek\u0101rt\u0101m, lai samazin\u0101tu spr\u0101dziena risku.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Uzglab\u0101\u0161anas procesi un spr\u0101dziena vai ugunsgr\u0113ka risks<\/h3>\n\n<p>Tilpums, tvert\u0146u forma (sk\u0101bbar\u012bbas tvertne, lielais maiss u. c.), uzglab\u0101\u0161anas laiks un apst\u0101k\u013ci (temperat\u016bra, mitrums u. c.) at\u0161\u0137iras atkar\u012bb\u0101 no darb\u012bbas veida.  <\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Piepildot tvertni ar pulverveida produktu,<\/strong> var rasties ATEX, suspend\u0113jot da\u013ci\u0146as tvertnes gais\u0101. Piepild\u012b\u0161ana vai transport\u0113\u0161ana var rad\u012bt ar\u012b elektrostatiskus l\u0101di\u0146us, kas izdal\u0101s konteinera gaisa telp\u0101. Elektrostatisk\u0101 izl\u0101de var aizdedzin\u0101t ATEX.  <\/p>\n\n<p>Ja produktu uzglab\u0101\u0161anas un transport\u0113\u0161anas iek\u0101rtas ir savienotas, eja starp t\u0101m nekad nav piln\u012bgi \u016bdensnecaurlaid\u012bga. Laika gait\u0101 veidojas nogulsnes. \u0160o nogul\u0161\u0146u resuspensija var rad\u012bt ATEX.    <\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Pulvera masveida uzglab\u0101\u0161ana<\/strong> var izrais\u012bt vielas pa\u0161sasil\u0161anu. Tas var izrais\u012bt deg\u0161anu ugunsgr\u0113ka vai k\u016bpo\u0161as uguns veid\u0101, kas savuk\u0101rt var aizdegties tuvum\u0101 eso\u0161aj\u0101 ATEX. Uzglab\u0101\u0161anas procesu av\u0101rijasolo\u0123ija atkl\u0101j, ka pa\u0161sasil\u0161ana izraisa vair\u0101k nek\u0101 80 % ugunsgr\u0113ku un maz\u0101k nek\u0101 10 % spr\u0101dzienu.  <\/p>\n\n<p>Prevent\u012bvie pas\u0101kumi ir \u0161\u0101di:  <\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>putek\u013cu putek\u013cu novad\u012b\u0161ana aizpild\u012b\u0161anas laik\u0101<\/strong>, p\u0113c iesp\u0113jas tuv\u0101k iztuk\u0161o\u0161anas vietai, izmantojot putek\u013cu novad\u012b\u0161anas sist\u0113mu.  <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>uztur\u0113t glab\u0101\u0161anas temperat\u016bru zem kritisk\u0101s temperat\u016bras vai piel\u0101got glab\u0101\u0161anas tilpumu viet\u0113jiem temperat\u016bras apst\u0101k\u013ciem;  <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>lai ierobe\u017eotu deg\u0161anu, <strong>aizliegt gaisa iepl\u016bdi kr\u0101tuves apak\u0161\u0101<\/strong>,  <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>izmantot apr\u012bkojumu CO (nepietiekama sk\u0101bek\u013ca satura deg\u0161anas indikators) un temperat\u016bras paaugstin\u0101\u0161an\u0101s noteik\u0161anai (termisk\u0101 zonde, infrasarkan\u0101 kamera).  <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Aizsardz\u012bbas pas\u0101kumi ietver :  <\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>tvertnes inertiz\u0101cija <\/strong>, lai aptur\u0113tu deg\u0161anu,  <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>ventil\u0101cijas atveru ier\u012bko\u0161ana<\/strong>, lai aptur\u0113tu spiediena palielin\u0101\u0161anos un aizsarg\u0101tu uzglab\u0101\u0161anas konstrukciju.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Smalcin\u0101\u0161anas procesi un spr\u0101dziena vai ugunsgr\u0113ka risks.<\/h3>\n\n<p>Ir tr\u012bs galvenie sl\u012bp\u0113\u0161anas procesi:  <\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong> Smalcin\u0101\u0161anas proces\u0101 tiek saspiesti produkti ar<\/strong> rupju da\u013ci\u0146u izm\u0113ru.  <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Mal\u0161ana ar gaisa str\u016bklu<\/strong> un fr\u0113z\u0113\u0161ana sadala produkta graudus vair\u0101k\u0101s da\u013ci\u0146\u0101s sadursmes rezult\u0101t\u0101. Produkta granulometrija \u013cauj to p\u0101rnest ar gaisa pl\u016bsmu.   <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>P\u0113d\u0113jie divi procesi at\u0161\u0137aida pulverveida produktu gais\u0101 t\u0101, ka nepast\u0101v ATEX risks. No otras puses, smalcin\u0101\u0161anas proces\u0101 gais\u0101 rodas smalkas da\u013ci\u0146as. T\u0101p\u0113c smalcin\u0101t\u0101ja iek\u0161pus\u0113 past\u0101v past\u0101v past\u0101v\u012bgs ATEX risks.    <\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Drupin\u0101\u0161ana produktu uzkars\u0113<\/strong>. Da\u017ereiz, lai izvair\u012btos no pa\u0161aizdeg\u0161an\u0101s, tas ir j\u0101atdzes\u0113, \u012bpa\u0161i, ja tas ir viegli oksid\u0113jams. Sve\u0161\u0137erme\u0146i, kas ir iztur\u012bg\u0101ki pret smalcin\u0101\u0161anu, var palielin\u0101t berzi un l\u012bdz ar to ar\u012b blakus eso\u0161o da\u013ci\u0146u temperat\u016bru, izraisot produkta sakar\u0161anu un aizdeg\u0161anos. Tie var izrais\u012bt ar\u012b pietiekami lielas ener\u0123ijas dzirksteles, lai <strong>aizdedzin\u0101tu ATEX<\/strong> un izrais\u012btu spr\u0101dzienu.     <\/p>\n\n<p>Profilakses l\u012bdzek\u013ci :  <\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>j\u0101uzst\u0101da <strong>putek\u013cu nos\u016bc\u0113ja sist\u0113ma, lai uztvertu smalk\u0101s da\u013ci\u0146as<\/strong>;  <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>t\u0101du produktu mal\u0161ana inert\u0101 atmosf\u0113r\u0101, kas aizdegas zem\u0101 temperat\u016br\u0101 vai ar zemu aktiv\u0101cijas ener\u0123iju (10 l\u012bdz 100 mJ);  <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>ierobe\u017eo kars\u0113\u0161anu<\/strong> un nov\u0113r\u0161 sve\u0161\u0137erme\u0146u iek\u013c\u016b\u0161anu procesa iepl\u016bdes atver\u0113 (sij\u0101\u0161ana, met\u0101la noteik\u0161ana utt.);  <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>m\u0113ra temperat\u016bru un nosaka kv\u0113lojo\u0161as da\u013ci\u0146as dzirnavu izej\u0101.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Aizsardz\u012bbas pas\u0101kumi :  <\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>izmantojiet ATEX spr\u0101dziendro\u0161u smalcin\u0101t\u0101ju<\/strong>;  <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>atdal\u012bt <strong>putek\u013cu novad\u012b\u0161anas sist\u0113mu<\/strong> no tvertnes, kur\u0101 atrodas sasmalcin\u0101tais materi\u0101ls;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Mais\u012b\u0161anas process: spr\u0101dziena un ugunsgr\u0113ka risks<\/h3>\n\n<p>Sajauk\u0161ana var notikt starp ciet\u0101m viel\u0101m (saus\u0101 sajauk\u0161ana) vai <strong>starp ciet\u0101m viel\u0101m un \u0161\u0137idrumiem<\/strong> (sajauk\u0161ana \u0161\u0137idruma f\u0101z\u0113). Ja viens no produktiem ir uzliesmojo\u0161s, sajauk\u0161ana rada <a href=\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/lv\/musu-padoms\/puteklu-nonemsanas-process-un-spradziena-vai-ugunsgreka-risks\/\">ugunsgr\u0113ka vai spr\u0101dziena risku<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n<p>Saus\u0101 sajauk\u0161ana: visas pulverveida vielas tiek ievad\u012btas pirms procesa uzs\u0101k\u0161anas. Piepildot mais\u012bt\u0101ju un p\u0113c tam sajaucot produktus, veidojas smalko da\u013ci\u0146u m\u0101konis. Ab\u0101s oper\u0101cij\u0101s past\u0101v <strong>ATEX iesp\u0113ja, ja viela ir dego\u0161a<\/strong>. Tas attiecas uz uzpildes tvertni un mais\u012b\u0161anas galvi\u0146u.   <\/p>\n\n<p>Produkta pl\u016bsma caur mais\u012bt\u0101ju var <strong>elektriski uzl\u0101d\u0113t ciet\u0101s da\u013ci\u0146as<\/strong>. Var rasties elektrostatiska izl\u0101de, kas izraisa pulvera m\u0101ko\u0146a aizdeg\u0161anos. \u0160\u012b par\u0101d\u012bba var notikt mais\u012bt\u0101ja galvi\u0146\u0101 vai padeves tvertn\u0113.    <\/p>\n\n<p>Sajaucot ar homogeniz\u0101ciju \u0161\u0137idraj\u0101 f\u0101z\u0113, cietos produktus ievada pirms \u0161\u0137idrumiem vai otr\u0101di. Abos gad\u012bjumos pulvera ievad\u012b\u0161ana rada iepriek\u0161 aprakst\u012btos riskus. Ievad\u012btajam \u0161\u0137idrumam var b\u016bt \u012bpa\u0161\u012bba uzliesmot temperat\u016br\u0101, kas zem\u0101ka par apk\u0101rt\u0113j\u0101s vides temperat\u016bru (piem\u0113ram, \u0161\u0137\u012bdin\u0101t\u0101jam). Mais\u012bt\u0101j\u0101 veidojas tvaiku ATEX.     <\/p>\n\n<p>Ja <strong>mais\u012bjum\u0101 ir \u0161\u0137idrums, kas rada uzliesmojo\u0161us tvaikus<\/strong>, pirmais prevent\u012bvais pas\u0101kums ir mais\u012bt\u0101ja inertiz\u0101cija pirms pulverveida produkta ievad\u012b\u0161anas.  <\/p>\n\n<p>Pat ar inertiz\u0101ciju, ja l\u016bka ir atv\u0113rta, <strong>padeves bunkurs rada ATEX<\/strong>, kad taj\u0101 tiek iepild\u012bts dego\u0161s pulveris. Putek\u013cu m\u0101ko\u0146a uztver\u0161ana pie avota (Pouyes gredzena tips) ir abiem sajauk\u0161anas procesiem kop\u012bga profilakses ier\u012bce.   <\/p>\n\n<p>Pirms uzpild\u012b\u0161anas un p\u0113c tam, pirms produkts tiek ievietots tvertn\u0113, tvertni var aizst\u0101t ar inertu gaisa sl\u016b\u017e\u0101m. Visbeidzot, uzpild\u012b\u0161anas un inertiz\u0101cijas oper\u0101ciju var automatiz\u0113t, izmantojot gaisa sl\u016b\u017eas, kas apr\u012bkotas ar autom\u0101tiskiem v\u0101rstiem. <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Meh\u0101nisk\u0101s virsmas apstr\u0101des procesi: spr\u0101dzienb\u012bstam\u012bba un r\u016bpnieciskie riski.<\/h3>\n\n<p>Kodin\u0101\u0161ana, str\u016bklas str\u016bklas apstr\u0101de, pul\u0113\u0161ana, smil\u0161u str\u016bklas apstr\u0101de&#8230; &#8211; visi \u0161ie veidi rada at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bgu virsmas apdari, bet tie visi rodas, izmetot abraz\u012bvus graudus, parasti izmantojot saspiestu str\u016bklu. \u0160ie graudi\u0146i no apstr\u0101d\u0101jam\u0101s virsmas atpl\u0113\u0161 smalkas da\u013ci\u0146as, vienlaikus sadaloties zem trieciena. Smalk\u0101k\u0101s da\u013ci\u0146as paliek suspend\u0113tas gais\u0101.  <\/p>\n\n<p>Process notiek kamer\u0101. Ja <strong>virsmas vai apstr\u0101des materi\u0101ls ir dego\u0161s<\/strong>, smalko da\u013ci\u0146u m\u0101konis var veidot ATEX kamer\u0101. T\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di past\u0101v spr\u0101dziena risks. Smag\u0101kos graudus sav\u0101c bunkurs. Ja trieciena rezult\u0101t\u0101 uz virsmas rad\u012btais siltums saglab\u0101jas graudos, to uzkr\u0101\u0161an\u0101s tvertn\u0113 izraisa pa\u0161sasil\u0161anu, radot ugunsgr\u0113ka risku.    <\/p>\n\n<p>Profilakse sast\u0101v no s\u016bkn\u0113\u0161anas sist\u0113mas uzst\u0101d\u012b\u0161anas, kas savienota ar <a href=\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/lv\/produits\/depoussiereurs-industriels\/\">r\u016bpniecisko putek\u013cu sav\u0101c\u0113ju <\/a>, kur\u0161 uztur zemu spiedienu kamer\u0101 un uztver smalko da\u013ci\u0146u m\u0101koni; dzirkste\u013cu detektora uzst\u0101d\u012b\u0161ana uz uztver\u0161anas sist\u0113m\u0101.<\/p>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/mobex3-1024x576.png\" alt=\"Putek&#x13C;u sav&#x101;c&#x113;js\" class=\"wp-image-27509\" srcset=\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/mobex3-1024x576.png 1024w, https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/mobex3-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/mobex3-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/mobex3.png 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Virsmas p\u0101rkl\u0101\u0161anas procesi un spr\u0101dziena un ugunsgr\u0113ka riski.<\/h3>\n\n<p><strong>Da\u017eos p\u0101rkl\u0101\u0161anas procesos<\/strong> tiek izmantoti cietie pulverveida produkti. Tas ietver produkta suspend\u0113\u0161anu saspiesta gaisa str\u016bkl\u0101 un izsmidzin\u0101\u0161anu uz apstr\u0101d\u0101jam\u0101s virsmas. \u0160o darb\u012bbu veic \u012bpa\u0161\u0101 kab\u012bn\u0113. P\u0113c \u0161\u012bs darb\u012bbas parasti seko p\u0101rkl\u0101juma pl\u0113ves saciet\u0113\u0161ana.     <\/p>\n\n<p>Atkar\u012bb\u0101 no izsmidzin\u0101m\u0101 produkta <strong>process ietver kr\u0101so\u0161anu<\/strong> (kaus\u0113jams vai polimeriz\u0113jams organiskais pulveris), flok\u0113\u0161anu (\u0161\u0137iedrains organiskais pulveris) vai metaliz\u0101ciju ar karstu izsmidzin\u0101\u0161anu vai izsmidzin\u0101\u0161anu (alum\u012bnija, cinka vai vara pulveris).  <\/p>\n\n<p>Da\u013ca izsmidzin\u0101to vielu nenon\u0101k uz virsmas un izklied\u0113jas gais\u0101. ATEX veidojas galvenok\u0101rt izsmidzin\u0101\u0161anas konus\u0101. Lai uzlabotu efektivit\u0101ti, smidzin\u0101\u0161anas pistole pie\u0161\u0137ir pulvera graudiem elektrisko l\u0101di\u0146u, kas ir pret\u0113js apstr\u0101d\u0101jam\u0101s virsmas elektriskajam l\u0101di\u0146am. Elektrostatiskais sp\u0113ks tos piesaista p\u0101rkl\u0101jamajai virsmai. P\u0113c darb\u012bbas trauc\u0113jumiem starp smidzin\u0101\u0161anas pistoles elektrodiem un apstr\u0101d\u0101jamo iek\u0101rtu vai virsmu var rasties <strong>elektrostatiska izl\u0101de<\/strong>. Spr\u0101dziena risks ir jo liel\u0101ks, jo smalk\u0101ka ir granulometrija. Spr\u0101dziens var izrais\u012bt ugunsgr\u0113ku. Turkl\u0101t apstr\u0101d\u0101jam\u0101s virsmas priek\u0161sild\u012b\u0161ana un cietin\u0101\u0161anas kr\u0101sns tuvums var izrais\u012bt produkta aizdeg\u0161anos.       <\/p>\n\n<p>Ugunsdro\u0161\u012bbas un spr\u0101dzienb\u012bstam\u012bbas nov\u0113r\u0161anas pas\u0101kumi pulverkr\u0101so\u0161anai ir \u0161\u0101di:  <\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>avota uztver\u0161ana<\/strong> ar putek\u013cu sav\u0101c\u0113ju,  <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>izmantot \u0161aujamiero\u010dus, kas<\/strong> piel\u0101goti pulvera minim\u0101lajai aizdeg\u0161an\u0101s ener\u0123ijai,  <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>liesmu atkl\u0101\u0161ana<\/strong> kab\u012bn\u0113.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Daudz\u0101s r\u016bpnieciskaj\u0101s sist\u0113m\u0101s tiek izmantoti viegli uzliesmojo\u0161i pulverveida produkti vai rodas dego\u0161i putek\u013ci. \u0160o ra\u017eo\u0161anas sist\u0113mu darb\u012bba rada ugunsgr\u0113ka un spr\u0101dziena risku. \u0160ie riski izriet no izmantoto produktu un procesu \u012bpa\u0161\u012bb\u0101m. T\u0101p\u0113c ties\u012bbu aktos par darba \u0146\u0113m\u0113ju dro\u0161\u012bbu un vides aizsardz\u012bbu ir noteikts, ka uz\u0146\u0113mumiem ir j\u0101uzst\u0101da atbilsto\u0161i profilakses un aizsardz\u012bbas l\u012bdzek\u013ci. Visizplat\u012bt\u0101kais prevent\u012bvais pas\u0101kums ir da\u013ci\u0146u suspensijas un to koncentr\u0101cijas kontrole apk\u0101rt\u0113j\u0101 gais\u0101 vai iek\u0101rt\u0101s. To pan\u0101k, izmantojot s\u016bkn\u0113\u0161anas un filtr\u0113\u0161anas sist\u0113mas, kas paredz\u0113tas putek\u013cu aizv\u0101k\u0161anai no procesiem.     <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":81670,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"none","_seopress_titles_title":"R\u016bpnieciskie procesi un spr\u0101dziena risku nov\u0113r\u0161ana","_seopress_titles_desc":"R\u016bpniec\u012bbas procesi un spr\u0101dziena risku nov\u0113r\u0161ana ir \u013coti svar\u012bgi, lai uzzin\u0101tu, k\u0101 aizsarg\u0101t darbiniekus, vienlaikus iev\u0113rojot darba kodeksu pras\u012bbas.","_seopress_robots_index":"","_seopress_analysis_target_kw":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[132],"tags":[133],"class_list":["post-40718","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-musu-padoms","tag-entete-maza","generate-columns","tablet-grid-50","mobile-grid-100","grid-parent","grid-50","no-featured-image-padding","resize-featured-image"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40718","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=40718"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40718\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":82104,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40718\/revisions\/82104"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/81670"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=40718"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=40718"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=40718"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}