{"id":46300,"date":"2020-11-20T15:54:06","date_gmt":"2020-11-20T13:54:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/non-classifiee\/gaisa-piesarnojums\/"},"modified":"2025-05-07T10:16:24","modified_gmt":"2025-05-07T08:16:24","slug":"la-pollution-de-lair","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/lv\/musu-padoms\/la-pollution-de-lair\/","title":{"rendered":"Gaisa pies\u0101r\u0146ojums"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

PVO l\u0113\u0161, ka 2005. gad\u0101 Francij\u0101 gaisa pies\u0101r\u0146ojuma d\u0113\u013c ir miru\u0161i no 42 000 l\u012bdz 48 000 cilv\u0113ku (pamatojoties uz Eiropas Komisijas p\u0113t\u012bjumu) un ka gaisa pies\u0101r\u0146ojums ir 11,6 % no pasaules mirst\u012bbas.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

A. Par ko m\u0113s run\u0101jam?<\/h2>\n\n

1. Kas ir putek\u013ci?<\/h3>\n\n

Putek\u013ci ir cietas da\u013ci\u0146as, kuru aerodinamiskais diametrs nep\u0101rsniedz 100 mikrometrus vai kuru kri\u0161anas \u0101trums norm\u0101los temperat\u016bras apst\u0101k\u013cos nep\u0101rsniedz 0,25 metrus sekund\u0113: R. 4222-3. pants.<\/p>\n\n

2. Visp\u0101r\u012bga inform\u0101cija par da\u013ci\u0146\u0101m un m\u0113r\u012bjumiem<\/h3>\n\n

Pirmk\u0101rt, \u0161eit ir da\u017ei j\u0113dzieni par izm\u0113ru:1 \u00b5m (1 mikrometrs) = 0,0001 cmMatu diametrs ir no 50 l\u012bdz 70 \u00b5mV\u012brusa diametrs ir no 0,01 l\u012bdz 0,4 \u00b5mFiltr\u0113\u0161anas jom\u0101 m\u0113s vienm\u0113r run\u0101jam par PM… Bet ko tas noz\u012bm\u0113?PM attiecas uz suspend\u0113t\u0101m da\u013ci\u0146\u0101m, kuru diametrs ir maz\u0101ks par nor\u0101d\u012bto skaitli. T\u0101s vienm\u0113r tiek izteiktas \u00b5m. PM 2,5 attiecas uz da\u013ci\u0146\u0101m, kuru izm\u0113rs nep\u0101rsniedz 2,5 \u00b5m. <\/p>\n\n

3. Kas ir gaisa kvalit\u0101te?<\/h3>\n\n

M\u0113s bie\u017ei dzirdam par gaisa kvalit\u0101ti un vesel\u012bbas apdraud\u0113jumu. Bet kas ir gaisa kvalit\u0101te un k\u0101 t\u0101 var ietekm\u0113t m\u016bsu ikdienas dz\u012bvi? Gaisa kvalit\u0101te attiecas uz smalko da\u013ci\u0146u PM 10 daudzumu un kait\u012bgo g\u0101zu koncentr\u0101ciju gais\u0101. \u0160ie pies\u0101r\u0146ot\u0101ji rodas dabiski, ra\u017eo\u0161anas procesu laik\u0101 vai sadeg\u0161anas proces\u0101. <\/p>\n\n

Jaun\u0101s PVO atsauces robe\u017ev\u0113rt\u012bbas Par\u012bzes re\u0123ionam<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

Pasaules Vesel\u012bbas organiz\u0101cijas (PVO) apkopotie dati liecina, ka gaisa pies\u0101r\u0146ojumam ir kait\u012bga ietekme uz vesel\u012bbu pat pie maz\u0101kas koncentr\u0101cijas, nek\u0101 l\u012bdz \u0161im bija pie\u0146emts. Lai piel\u0101gotos \u0161im konstat\u0113jumam, PVO ir nol\u0113musi pazemin\u0101t gandr\u012bz visas atsauces robe\u017ev\u0113rt\u012bbas. <\/p>\n\n

\"gaisa<\/figure>\n\n

B\u016btisk\u0101k\u0101s izmai\u0146as starp 2005. un 2021. gada robe\u017ev\u0113rt\u012bb\u0101m attiecas uz sl\u0101pek\u013ca dioks\u012bdu: gada vid\u0113j\u0101 v\u0113rt\u012bba ir samazin\u0101ta no 40 \u00b5g\/m3 l\u012bdz 10 \u00b5g\/m3, un ir noteikta dienas rekomend\u0113jo\u0161\u0101 v\u0113rt\u012bba 25 \u00b5g\/m3. Atg\u0101din\u0101m, ka sl\u0101pek\u013ca dioks\u012bdu \u00cele-de-France re\u0123ion\u0101 galvenok\u0101rt emit\u0113 autotransports, kas veido 53 % no kop\u0113j\u0101m sl\u0101pek\u013ca oks\u012bda emisij\u0101m. J\u0101atz\u012bm\u0113, ka PVO ieteikumi attiecas ar\u012b uz diviem citiem pies\u0101r\u0146ot\u0101jiem – oglek\u013ca monoks\u012bdu (CO) un s\u0113ra dioks\u012bdu (SO2), ta\u010du CO saturs \u0161ajos pies\u0101r\u0146ot\u0101jos Par\u012bzes re\u0123ion\u0101 ir \u013coti zems, bet SO2 saturs ir praktiski nulle. <\/p>\n\n

\"piesārņojuma<\/figure>\n\n

B. Da\u017e\u0101di pies\u0101r\u0146ojuma veidi<\/h2>\n\n

1. Fiziskais pies\u0101r\u0146ojums<\/h3>\n\n

Lai gan tie var b\u016bt trauc\u0113klis m\u016bsu ikdienas dz\u012bv\u0113, ne visi putek\u013ci ir kait\u012bgi. Kait\u012bgus tos padara kait\u012bgus to sadrumstalot\u012bba \u013coti smalk\u0101s da\u013ci\u0146\u0101s. <\/p>\n\n

Fiziskais pies\u0101r\u0146ojums ir putek\u013ci, kas, ja tie b\u016btu maz\u0101ki, neietekm\u0113tu m\u016bsu vesel\u012bbu.<\/p>\n\n

2. Biolo\u0123iskais pies\u0101r\u0146ojums<\/h3>\n\n

\u0160o pies\u0101r\u0146ot\u0101ju kategoriju veido visi putek\u013cos vai gais\u0101 dz\u012bvojo\u0161ie organismi. Tie ir putek\u013cu \u0113rc\u012btes, pel\u0113jumi, sporas, v\u012brusi un bakt\u0113rijas. <\/p>\n\n

T\u0101s ir \u013coti aler\u0123iskas un izraisa r\u012bkles un elpce\u013cu kairin\u0101jumu.<\/p>\n\n

3. \u0136\u012bmiskais pies\u0101r\u0146ojums<\/h3>\n\n

a. Gaisto\u0161ie organiskie savienojumi (GOS) <\/h4>\n\n

GOS aptver pla\u0161u vielu kl\u0101stu. Tie ir \u0137\u012bmiski savienojumi, kas galvenok\u0101rt rodas, sadaloties naftai sadeg\u0161anas, iztvaiko\u0161anas vai p\u0101rstr\u0101des proces\u0101. Tie ir sastopami ar\u012b daudzos profesion\u0101los, r\u016bpnieciskos un sadz\u012bves produktos, piem\u0113ram, l\u012bmes, sve\u0137os, traipu no\u0146\u0113m\u0113jos, \u0161\u0137\u012bdin\u0101t\u0101jos, kr\u0101s\u0101s, insektic\u012bdos u. c. Tie ir da\u013ca no m\u016bsu ikdienas dz\u012bves vis\u0101s jom\u0101s.To \u013coti gaisto\u0161\u0101 daba noz\u012bm\u0113, ka tie \u0101tri izklied\u0113jas un pies\u0101r\u0146o visas j\u016bsu telpas. <\/p>\n\n

b. Benzols, toluols, etilbenzols, etilbenzols, ksilols (BTEX) <\/h4>\n\n

BTEX ir viskait\u012bg\u0101k\u0101 GOS grupa. Ir zin\u0101ms, ka \u0161ie 4 savienojumi ir kancerog\u0113ni un izraisa endokr\u012bn\u0101s sist\u0113mas darb\u012bbas trauc\u0113jumus. Tie rodas tikai no naftas sadeg\u0161anas, p\u0101rveido\u0161anas vai iztvaiko\u0161anas, un ir sastopami vis\u0101s plastmasas r\u016bpniec\u012bbas nozar\u0113s, naftas \u0137\u012bmijas r\u016bpniec\u012bb\u0101, degvielas uzpildes stacij\u0101s, attauko\u0161anas l\u012bdzek\u013cos, naftas produktos utt. <\/p>\n\n

c. CMR kopum\u0101 <\/h4>\n\n

CMR ir kancerog\u0113nas, mutag\u0113nas vai reprodukt\u012bvajai funkcijai toksiskas \u0137\u012bmiskas vielas. Tie ir viskait\u012bg\u0101k\u0101 pies\u0101r\u0146ot\u0101ju kategorija, bet ar\u012b visstingr\u0101k kontrol\u0113t\u0101. <\/p>\n\n

d. CMR \u012bpa\u0161ais gad\u012bjums <\/h4>\n\n

-Kas ir CMR<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

Termins CMR attiecas uz produktu vai r\u016bpniecisk\u0101s ra\u017eo\u0161anas procesu, kur\u0101 izdal\u0101s kancerog\u0113nas, mutag\u0113nas vai reprodukt\u012bvajai funkcijai toksiskas da\u013ci\u0146as. Kop\u0161 2015. gada j\u016bnija uz tiem j\u0101b\u016bt \u0161\u0101dam mar\u0137\u0113jumam:<\/p>\n\n

\"CMR<\/figure>\n\n

CMR ir da\u013ci\u0146a, kas atbilst vienam no \u0161\u0101diem aprakstiem:<\/p>\n\n

    \n
  • Kancerog\u0113ns: b\u012bstama \u0137\u012bmiska viela t\u012br\u0101 veid\u0101 (azbests, koksnes putek\u013ci, benzols u. c.) vai mais\u012bjum\u0101 vai proces\u0101, kas var izrais\u012bt v\u0113zi vai palielin\u0101t t\u0101 bie\u017eumu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Mutag\u0113na vai genotoksiska: \u0137\u012bmiska viela, kas izraisa izmai\u0146as \u0161\u016bnu hromosomu strukt\u016br\u0101 vai skait\u0101. Hromosomas ir \u0161\u016bnas kodola da\u013cas, kur\u0101s atrodas DNS. Mutag\u0113na (vai genotoksiska) iedarb\u012bba ir s\u0101kotn\u0113jais v\u0113\u017ea att\u012bst\u012bbas posms. <\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Reprodukcijai toksisks vai reprotoksisks: \u0137\u012bmisks produkts (piem\u0113ram, svins), kas var pasliktin\u0101t v\u012brie\u0161u vai sievie\u0161u augl\u012bbu vai main\u012bt nedzimu\u0161a b\u0113rna att\u012bst\u012bbu (spont\u0101ns aborts, kropl\u012bbas utt.). (Avots: INRS: CMR \u0137\u012bmisk\u0101s vielas) <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n

    -Kas ir CMR produkti?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

    Visu to produktu saraksts, kurus CNRS 2017. gada 30. j\u016bnij\u0101 klasific\u0113ja k\u0101 CMR.<\/p>\n\n

    -K\u0101 es varu zin\u0101t, vai izmantoju CMR produktus?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

      \n
    • Saska\u0146\u0101 ar ministra 2006. gada 13. j\u016blija r\u012bkojumu jebkura viela, prepar\u0101ts vai process, ko izmanto :<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Auram\u012bna ra\u017eo\u0161ana<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Darbs, kas saist\u012bts ar policiklisko arom\u0101tisko og\u013c\u016bde\u0146ra\u017eu, kas atrodas kv\u0113pu, darvas, pi\u0137a, akme\u0146og\u013cu d\u016bmu vai putek\u013cu sast\u0101v\u0101, iedarb\u012bbu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Darbs, kas saist\u012bts ar ni\u0137e\u013ca mata apdedzin\u0101\u0161anas un elektroapstr\u0101des laik\u0101 radu\u0161os putek\u013cu, d\u016bmu vai miglas iedarb\u012bbu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Stipras sk\u0101bes procesi izopropilspirta ra\u017eo\u0161an\u0101<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Darbs, kas saist\u012bts ar ieelpojamu koka putek\u013cu iedarb\u012bbu<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Darbs, kas saist\u012bts ar formaldeh\u012bdu iedarb\u012bbu<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Person\u0101ls, kas atbild\u012bgs par darba apr\u012bkojuma, kas pies\u0101r\u0146ots ar CMR a\u0123entiem, uztur\u0113\u0161anu (R. R. 4412-73. pants).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Tehnisk\u0101s apkopes darb\u012bbas, ja ir paredzama b\u016btiska iedarb\u012bbas palielin\u0101\u0161an\u0101s (R. R. 4412-75. pants).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n

      e. Attiec\u012bg\u0101s nozares<\/h4>\n\n

      INRS ir sniegts neizsme\u013co\u0161s, hierarhisks to darb\u012bbas nozaru saraksts, kuras ietekm\u0113 CMR:<\/p>\n\n

        \n
      • b\u016bvniec\u012bbas nozar\u0113,<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • sabiedrisko darbu nozar\u0113,<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • dzelzce\u013ca b\u016bvniec\u012bba,<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • ku\u0123u b\u016bve,<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • metalur\u0123ija,<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • stikla r\u016bpniec\u012bb\u0101,<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • met\u0101lu r\u016bpniec\u012bb\u0101,<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • \u0137\u012bmijas r\u016bpniec\u012bb\u0101,<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • farm\u0101cijas nozar\u0113,<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • \u0101das r\u016bpniec\u012bba,<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • gumijas r\u016bpniec\u012bb\u0101,<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • naftas r\u016bpniec\u012bba,<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • kokr\u016bpniec\u012bbas nozar\u0113,<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • lauksaimniec\u012bba,<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • p\u0113tniec\u012bbas laboratorijas,<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • pakalpojumi (apkope, t\u012br\u012b\u0161ana utt.).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        PVO l\u0113\u0161, ka 2005. gad\u0101 Francij\u0101 gaisa pies\u0101r\u0146ojuma d\u0113\u013c ir miru\u0161i no 42 000 l\u012bdz 48 000 cilv\u0113ku (pamatojoties uz Eiropas Komisijas p\u0113t\u012bjumu) un ka \u0161is pies\u0101r\u0146ojums ir 11,6 % no pasaules mirst\u012bbas. Kas ir putek\u013ci, gaisa kvalit\u0101te un da\u017e\u0101di gaisa pies\u0101r\u0146ojuma veidi? <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":99048,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"none","_seopress_titles_title":"M\u016bsu padomi: viss, kas jums j\u0101zina par gaisa pies\u0101r\u0146ojumu","_seopress_titles_desc":"PVO l\u0113\u0161, ka 2005. gad\u0101 Francij\u0101 gaisa pies\u0101r\u0146ojuma d\u0113\u013c miru\u0161i no 42 000 l\u012bdz 48 000 cilv\u0113ku, kas veido 11,6 % no pasaules mirst\u012bbas.","_seopress_robots_index":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[132],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-46300","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-musu-padoms","generate-columns","tablet-grid-50","mobile-grid-100","grid-parent","grid-50","no-featured-image-padding","resize-featured-image"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/46300","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=46300"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/46300\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":99380,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/46300\/revisions\/99380"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/99048"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=46300"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=46300"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=46300"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}