{"id":82620,"date":"2024-04-06T01:08:56","date_gmt":"2024-04-05T23:08:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/nase-rada\/composes-organiques-volatiles-cov-impacts-gestion-industrie\/"},"modified":"2025-04-15T11:24:16","modified_gmt":"2025-04-15T09:24:16","slug":"composes-organiques-volatiles-cov-impacts-gestion-industrie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/lv\/musu-padoms\/composes-organiques-volatiles-cov-impacts-gestion-industrie\/","title":{"rendered":"Gaisto\u0161ie organiskie savienojumi (GOS): ietekme un p\u0101rvald\u012bba r\u016bpniec\u012bb\u0101"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>R\u016bpniec\u012bbas objekt\u0101 gaisto\u0161ie organiskie savienojumi (GOS)<strong> ir da\u013ca no apk\u0101rt\u0113j\u0101 gaisa pies\u0101r\u0146ot\u0101jiem<\/strong> gan telp\u0101s, gan \u0101rpus t\u0101m. Termins GOS aptver pla\u0161u \u0137\u012bmisko vielu kl\u0101stu.   <\/p>\n\n<p>Kas tiem ir kop\u012bgs? Tie sast\u0101v no oglek\u013ca un \u016bde\u0146ra\u017ea, un apk\u0101rt\u0113j\u0101s vides apst\u0101k\u013cos tie ir vai nu g\u0101zveida, vai \u0161\u0137idr\u0101 f\u0101z\u0113, kas viegli iztvaiko. GOS ietekm\u0113 gaisa kvalit\u0101ti, radot ietekmi uz cilv\u0113ku vesel\u012bbu, vidi un ekonomiku. T\u0101p\u0113c tie ir ofici\u0101li defin\u0113ti Eiropas l\u012bmen\u012b un p\u0101r\u0146emti valstu l\u012bmen\u012b. Gaisto\u0161o organisko savienojumu fizik\u0101lo un \u0137\u012bmisko \u012bpa\u0161\u012bbu p\u0101rzin\u0101\u0161ana pal\u012bdz veikt atbilsto\u0161us prevent\u012bvus pas\u0101kumus. \u0160eit sniegts<strong> \u012bss p\u0101rskats,<\/strong> lai iepaz\u012btos ar to GOS fizik\u0101laj\u0101m un \u0137\u012bmiskaj\u0101m \u012bpa\u0161\u012bb\u0101m, kas ietekm\u0113 gaisa kvalit\u0101ti.     <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">GOS normat\u012bv\u0101 defin\u012bcija<\/h2>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/design-sans-titre-8-1-1024x1024.jpg\" alt=\"dizains bez nosaukuma 8 1\" class=\"wp-image-30144\" style=\"width:382px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/design-sans-titre-8-1-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/design-sans-titre-8-1-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/design-sans-titre-8-1-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/design-sans-titre-8-1-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/design-sans-titre-8-1.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n<p>Padomes 1999. gada 11. marta Direkt\u012bvas 1999\/13\/EK par <em>gaisto\u0161u organisko savienojumu emisiju ierobe\u017eo\u0161anu, ko rada<a href=\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/lv\/musu-padoms\/cov-aspiration-vapeurs-solvants\/\">organisko \u0161\u0137\u012bdin\u0101t\u0101ju izmanto\u0161ana <\/a>noteikt\u0101s darb\u012bb\u0101s un iek\u0101rt\u0101s<\/em>, 2. panta 16. un 17. punkt\u0101 ir dotas \u0161\u0101das divas defin\u012bcijas:<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Organiskais savienojums<\/strong>: &#8220;jebkur\u0161 savienojums, kas, iz\u0146emot met\u0101nu, satur oglekli un \u016bde\u0146radi, kurus var aizst\u0101t ar citiem atomiem, piem\u0113ram, halog\u0113niem ( <em>piem\u0113ram, fluoru, hloru, bromu, jodu)<\/em>, sk\u0101bekli, s\u0113ru, sl\u0101pekli vai fosforu, iz\u0146emot oglek\u013ca oks\u012bdus ( <em>piem\u0113ram, CO<\/em><em><sub>2<\/sub><\/em>) un karbon\u0101tus (<em>piem\u0113ram: CO<\/em><em><sub>3<\/sub><\/em><em><sup>2-<\/sup><\/em>) un bikarbon\u0101ti (<em>piem\u0113ram, HCO<\/em><em><sub>3<\/sub><\/em><em><sup>&#8211;<\/sup><\/em>) <strong>.<\/strong> &#8221;  <\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Gaisto\u0161s organiskais savienojums (GOS <\/strong>): jebkur\u0161 organiskais savienojums, kura tvaika spiediens 293,15 K<em>(20 \u00b0C)<\/em> temperat\u016br\u0101 ir 0,01 kPa vai liel\u0101ks vai kuram ir atbilsto\u0161a gaisto\u0161\u012bba konkr\u0113tos lieto\u0161anas apst\u0101k\u013cos.<\/p>\n\n<p>Direkt\u012bva ir p\u0101r\u0146emta Francijas ties\u012bbu aktos ar Vides kodeksa R224-48 pantu. Taj\u0101 GOS defin\u0113ts k\u0101 &#8220;jebkur\u0161 organiskais savienojums, kura s\u0101kotn\u0113j\u0101 vir\u0161anas temperat\u016bra, m\u0113rot pie standarta spiediena 101,3 kPa, ir maz\u0101ka vai vien\u0101da ar 250 \u00b0C&#8221;. <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Vai vi\u0146i lido? J\u0101, bet vair\u0101k vai maz\u0101k! GOS fizik\u0101l\u0101 klasifik\u0101cija  <\/h2>\n\n<p>Lai saprastu,<strong> cik lielas GOS emisijas<\/strong> ietekm\u0113 apk\u0101rt\u0113j\u0101 gaisa kvalit\u0101ti, mums ir j\u0101zina to koncentr\u0101cija. Lai to izdar\u012btu, m\u0113s balst\u0101mies uz fizik\u0101lu \u012bpa\u0161\u012bbu &#8211; gaisto\u0161umu. <\/p>\n\n<p>Gaistam\u012bba ir vielas sp\u0113ja iztvaikot apk\u0101rt\u0113j\u0101 temperat\u016br\u0101 un spiedien\u0101.  <\/p>\n\n<p>GOS ir gaisto\u0161as, bet vair\u0101k vai maz\u0101k gaisto\u0161as. T\u0101 k\u0101 gaisto\u0161o organisko savienojumu gaisto\u0161ums ir atkar\u012bgs no to tvaika spiediena, k\u0101 <strong>klasifik\u0101cijas krit\u0113riju<\/strong> var izmantot faktisko pies\u0101tin\u0101juma koncentr\u0101ciju ???????? (\u00b5g<sup>.m-3<\/sup>). Gaisto\u0161\u0101 viela ar\u012b samazin\u0101s, palielinoties GOS molekulmasai. GOS var klasific\u0113t ar\u012b p\u0113c oglek\u013ca atomu skaita to strukt\u016br\u0101.    <\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>nepast\u0101v\u012bba pret nepast\u0101v\u012bbu<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>oglek\u013ca atomu skaits<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>efekt\u012bv\u0101 pies\u0101tin\u0101juma koncentr\u0101cija <\/strong><strong>????????<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>GOS \u013boti gaisto\u0161s l\u012bdz gaisto\u0161s<\/td><td>nb C \u2264 11<\/td><td>???????? &gt; <sup>106 \u03bcg <\/sup><sup>.m-3<\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>VOC-IV Volatilit\u0101tes starpposma produkts<\/td><td>12 \u2264 nb C \u2264 18<\/td><td><sup>103<\/sup> \u03bcg<sup>.m-3<\/sup> &lt;???????? \u2264<sup>106<\/sup> \u03bcg<sup>.m-3<\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>COSVSemi Volatil<\/td><td>18 &lt; nb C \u2264 32<\/td><td><sup>10-1<\/sup> \u03bcg<sup>.m-3<\/sup> &lt;???????? \u2264<sup>103<\/sup> \u03bcg<sup>.m-3<\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>CONV Nest\u0101sto\u0161s istabas temperat\u016br\u0101 (da\u013ci\u0146as)<\/td><td>nb C &gt; 32<\/td><td>???????? &lt; <sup> 10-1<\/sup> \u03bcg.<sup>m-3<\/sup><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n<p>J\u0101atz\u012bm\u0113, ka gaisto\u0161i organiskie savienojumi apk\u0101rt\u0113j\u0101s vides temperat\u016br\u0101 (GOS) iztvaiko \u012bpa\u0161os lieto\u0161anas apst\u0101k\u013cos, kas <a href=\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/lv\/musu-padoms\/gos-rupnieciskajos-procesos-kada-riska-mazinasanas-strategija\/\">saist\u012bti ar r\u016bpnieciskiem procesiem<\/a> vai av\u0101rijas (ugunsgr\u0113ka, spr\u0101dziena) gad\u012bjum\u0101.<\/p>\n\n<p>Cit\u0101 GOS klasifik\u0101cij\u0101 k\u0101 krit\u0113rijs tiek izmantota vir\u0161anas temperat\u016bra.  <\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Nepast\u0101v\u012bba  <\/strong><\/td><td><strong>V\u0101r\u012b\u0161an\u0101s temperat\u016bra<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u013boti gaisto\u0161s  <\/td><td>&lt; (50 &#8211; 100 \u00b0C)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Gaisto\u0161s<\/td><td>(50 &#8211; 100 \u00b0C) l\u012bdz (240 &#8211; 260 \u00b0C)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Da\u013c\u0113ji gaisto\u0161s  <\/td><td>(240 &#8211; 260 \u00b0C) l\u012bdz (380 &#8211; 400 \u00b0C)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">GOS un smakas<\/h2>\n\n<p>Da\u017ei GOS ir bez smar\u017eas (but\u0101ns, prop\u0101ns). Citiem GOS var b\u016bt vair\u0101k vai maz\u0101k rakstur\u012bga smar\u017ea. S\u0113ra savienojumi, am\u012bni, sk\u0101bek\u013ca savienojumi (ketoni, aldeh\u012bdi) un da\u017ei arom\u0101tiskie savienojumi ir \u012bpa\u0161i smakojo\u0161i.    <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">GOS klasifik\u0101cija p\u0113c to \u0137\u012bmisk\u0101s strukt\u016bras<\/h2>\n\n<p><strong>GOS ir pla\u0161a \u0137\u012bmisko savienojumu grupa ar<\/strong> visda\u017e\u0101d\u0101kaj\u0101m strukt\u016br\u0101m un \u012bpa\u0161\u012bb\u0101m. \u0160aj\u0101 klas\u0113 tos apvieno to kop\u012bg\u0101 ietekme k\u0101 gaisa, \u016bdens un augsnes pies\u0101r\u0146ot\u0101jus. Tom\u0113r to strukt\u016bra un jo \u012bpa\u0161i to atomu grupu kl\u0101tb\u016btne, kas nav C un H atomi, ietekm\u0113 to \u0137\u012bmisk\u0101s \u012bpa\u0161\u012bbas un l\u012bdz ar to ar\u012b<strong> to toksiskumu<\/strong> cilv\u0113kiem un dabai, k\u0101 ar\u012b to ekonomisko ietekmi.    <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">GOS struktur\u0101lie krit\u0113riji<\/h3>\n\n<p>GOS iedala p\u0113c vair\u0101kiem neizsl\u0113dzo\u0161iem struktur\u0101liem krit\u0113rijiem, no kuriem katrs nosaka to pies\u0101r\u0146ojo\u0161o \u012bpa\u0161\u012bbu raksturu un pak\u0101pi:  <\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>ciklisks<\/strong><em>(oglek\u013ca atomu \u0137\u0113des savienojas ri<\/em>\u0146\u0137\u012b) pret <strong>neciklisku<\/strong><em>(oglek\u013ca atomu \u0137\u0113des nav nosl\u0113gtas,<\/em> <em>C atomi savienojas line\u0101ri<\/em>);<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>arom\u0101tiskie<\/strong><em>(\u012bpa\u0161a se\u0161st\u016bra oglek\u013ca \u0137\u0113de, ko sauc par benzola gredzenu, ko veido 6 oglek\u013ca atomi, no kuriem katrs savienots ar \u016bde\u0146ra\u017ea atomu<\/em>) un <strong>nearom\u0101tiskie<\/strong><em>(\u0137\u0113de bez \u0161\u012bs \u012bpa\u0161\u0101s konfigur\u0101cijas<\/em>);  <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>monociklisks<\/strong><em>(viena cikliska oglek\u013ca \u0137\u0113de<\/em>) pret <strong>policiklisku<\/strong><em>(vair\u0101ki identiski gredzeni, kurus vieno viens vai divi kop\u012bgi oglek\u013ca atomi<\/em>).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>homociklisks<\/strong><em>(gredzens, ko veido tikai C)<\/em> pret <strong>heterociklisku<\/strong><em>(gredzens, kas satur oglekli un citus atomus, kuri aizvieto oglekli<\/em>);<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>pies\u0101tin\u0101t\u0101s<\/strong><em>(tikai<\/em> <em>vienk\u0101r\u0161\u0101s oglek\u013ca saites<\/em>) un <strong>nepies\u0101tin\u0101t\u0101s<\/strong><em>(dubult\u0101s vai tr\u012bsk\u0101r\u0161\u0101s oglek\u013ca saites)<\/em>. Nepies\u0101tin\u0101t\u012bba padara GOS reakt\u012bv\u0101kus, un tas ietekm\u0113 to toksiskumu. Visas arom\u0101tisk\u0101s strukt\u016bras ir nepies\u0101tin\u0101tas.  <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>nesazarot\u0101s <\/strong>un<strong> sazarot\u0101s<\/strong><em>(galvenajai oglek\u013ca \u0137\u0113dei ir viens vai vair\u0101ki atzari, ko veido vai nu tikai C un H atomu grupas, vai ar\u012b citi atomi, kas tiem pie\u0161\u0137ir rakstur\u012bgu reaktivit\u0101ti [funkcion\u0101lo grupu]).<\/em> <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">GOS klasifik\u0101cija<\/h3>\n\n<p>Past\u0101v divas galven\u0101s GOS kategorijas: <strong>arom\u0101tiskie GOS<\/strong> un <strong>alif\u0101tiskie<\/strong> (nearom\u0101tiskie) <strong>GOS<\/strong>.  <\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Arom\u0101tisko<\/strong> gaisto\u0161o organisko savienojumu pamatskelets ir benzola <strong>gredzens <\/strong>. Tos var iedal\u012bt vair\u0101k\u0101s apak\u0161kategorij\u0101s: <\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong> Monocikliskie<\/strong> arom\u0101tiskie og\u013c\u016bde\u0146ra\u017ei, tostarp BTEX (sa\u012bsin\u0101jums no benzols, toluols, etilbenzols, ksilols), kas visi ir toksiski un ekotoksiski.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>policikliskie<\/strong> arom\u0101tiskie og\u013c\u016bde\u0146ra\u017ei (PAO), kam piem\u012bt kancerog\u0113nas \u012bpa\u0161\u012bbas. Tie sintez\u0113jas, veidojoties fosilajam kurin\u0101majam (nafta, akme\u0146ogles) vai nepiln\u012bgi sadegot organiskaj\u0101m viel\u0101m (naftas sild\u012b\u0161ana, me\u017ea ugunsgr\u0113ki u. c.). <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>arom\u0101tiskie <strong>heterocikliskie<\/strong> savienojumi vai arom\u0101tiskie heterocikli, kuros viens vai vair\u0101ki benzola gredzena C atomi ir aizvietoti ar citiem atomiem (vai atomu grup\u0101m), piem\u0113ram, iepriek\u0161 min\u0113taj\u0101m defin\u012bcij\u0101s.  <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p><strong>Alif\u0101tiskie <\/strong> GOS (=<strong> nearom\u0101tiskie<\/strong> GOS) ietver molekulas ar :<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>pies\u0101tin\u0101ti<\/strong>: <strong>alk\u0101ni <\/strong>; piem\u0113ram, benz\u012bna tvaikos ir heks\u0101ns <sub>C6H14 <\/sub>, ko izmanto l\u012bmes, adhez\u012bvu un attauko\u0161anas \u0161\u0137idrumu ra\u017eo\u0161an\u0101. Tas var iek\u013c\u016bt organism\u0101 caur elpce\u013ciem un caur \u0101du. Ieelpojot var rasties no reibonis l\u012bdz pat sama\u0146as zudumam. Saskare ar \u0101du izraisa dermat\u012btu.   <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>insatur\u00e9e<\/strong> aux propri\u00e9t\u00e9s plus polluantes&nbsp;:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>al\u0137\u0113ni<\/strong> (dubult\u0101 oglek\u013ca saite); piem\u0113rs: etil\u0113ns <sub>C2H4<\/sub>, ko k\u0101 nogatavin\u0101\u0161anas a\u0123ents izdala liel\u0101k\u0101 da\u013ca aug\u013cu un d\u0101rze\u0146u, izpl\u016bst no izpl\u016bdes caurul\u0113m, ar prop\u0101nu darbin\u0101miem autoiekr\u0101v\u0113\u0161iem un plastmasas maisi\u0146iem gaismas iedarb\u012bb\u0101. Ieelpojot to, tas var izrais\u012bt reiboni, galvass\u0101pes un sama\u0146as zudumu, k\u0101 ar\u012b veicina siltumn\u012bcas efektu;   <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>alk\u012bni<\/strong> (tr\u012bsk\u0101r\u0161\u0101 oglek\u013ca saite); piem\u0113rs: et\u012bns vai acetil\u0113ns<sub>C2H2<\/sub><sub>; <\/sub><sub> <\/sub> \u0101rk\u0101rt\u012bgi viegli uzliesmojo\u0161s un spr\u0101dzienb\u012bstams, to izmanto k\u0101 degvielu metin\u0101\u0161an\u0101 vai da\u017e\u0101s anal\u012bzes iek\u0101rt\u0101s.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p><strong>Alk\u0101ni, alk\u0113ni un alk\u012bni<\/strong> ar\u012b ietver strukt\u016bras :  <\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>non-cycliques,<\/strong> les <strong>aliphatiques acycliques<\/strong>, qui sont constitu\u00e9es de cha\u00eenes&nbsp;:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>vai line\u0101ri. Piem\u0113rs <em>n-heks\u0101ns<\/em>. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>vai sazarotu.  <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>cycliques (<\/strong>cycles non-aromatiques<strong>)<\/strong>, les <strong>alicycliques<\/strong> (= <strong>ali<\/strong>phatiques <strong>cycliques<\/strong>)&nbsp;: cycloalcanes, cycloalc\u00e8nes, cycloalcynes.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Molekulas var sast\u0101v\u0113t no vair\u0101kiem cikliem\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>savienoti ar 2 kop\u012bgiem oglek\u013ca atomiem; piem\u0113rs: policikliskie cikloalk\u0101ni.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>vai savienoti ar vienu kop\u012bgu oglek\u013ca atomu: spir\u0101ni.  <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Gredzen\u0101 var b\u016bt atomi, kas nav oglek\u013ca atomi (heterocikls)  <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Gredzens var b\u016bt sazarots. Piem\u0113ram, metilcikloheks\u0101ns <sub>(C6H11CH3<\/sub>), ko izmanto k\u0101 b\u0101zi organiskaj\u0101 sint\u0113z\u0113, k\u0101 \u0161\u0137\u012bdin\u0101t\u0101ju \u0113teriem un celulozei, k\u0101 ar\u012b k\u0101 avi\u0101cijas degvielu. Tas var boj\u0101t elpo\u0161anas ce\u013cus, centr\u0101lo nervu sist\u0113mu, \u0101du un acis.  <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Ja <strong>alif\u0101tiskajai vai arom\u0101tiskajai strukt\u016brai<\/strong> ir atzars, kas identific\u0113ts k\u0101 funkcion\u0101l\u0101 grupa (atomu grupa, kas pie\u0161\u0137ir tai rakstur\u012bgas \u0137\u012bmisk\u0101s \u012bpa\u0161\u012bbas), piem\u0113ram, da\u017ei alk\u0101nu atvasin\u0101jumi vai PAO, GOS b\u016bs \u012bpa\u0161a ietekme uz <a href=\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/lv\/musu-padoms\/quels-procedes-ameliorent-qualite-air-eliminant-cov\/\">gaisa kvalit\u0101ti<\/a>. P\u0113c tam GOS klasific\u0113 konkr\u0113t\u0101 grup\u0101: <\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Halogen\u0113tie GOS, piem\u0113ram, hlormet\u0101ns CH\u2083Cl  <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>S\u0113ru saturo\u0161i GOS, piem\u0113ram, \u03b2-merkaptoetanols <sub>C2H6OS<\/sub>,  <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>COV oxyg\u00e9n\u00e9s dont des&nbsp;:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>GOS spirti, piem\u0113ram, etil\u0113nglikols <sub>C2H6O2<\/sub><sub>; <\/sub> izmanto k\u0101 antifr\u012bzu, \u0161\u0137\u012bdin\u0101t\u0101ju, brem\u017eu \u0161\u0137idrumus, kr\u0101svielas utt. Ieelpo\u0161ana izraisa klepu un galvass\u0101pes, bet nor\u012b\u0161ana &#8211; s\u0101pes v\u0113der\u0101 un sliktu d\u016b\u0161u. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>GOS ketoni, piem\u0113ram, acetons <sub>C3H6O<\/sub>, \u0161\u0137\u012bdin\u0101t\u0101js, ko izmanto kr\u0101su, laku, gumijas un plastmasas r\u016bpniec\u012bb\u0101 utt. Tas ir \u013coti gaisto\u0161s, un, ja t\u0101 koncentr\u0101cija gais\u0101 ir augsta, to var ieelpot lielos daudzumos. Caur plau\u0161\u0101m tas var iek\u013c\u016bt asinsrit\u0113 un izplat\u012bties pa visu \u0137ermeni. Simptomi ir da\u017e\u0101di &#8211; no deguna kairin\u0101juma l\u012bdz centr\u0101l\u0101s nervu sist\u0113mas nom\u0101kumam.   <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>GOS aldeh\u012bdi, piem\u0113ram, <sub>CH2O<\/sub>formaldeh\u012bds, kas liel\u0101k\u0101 vai maz\u0101k\u0101 m\u0113r\u0101 izdal\u0101s vis\u0101s r\u016bpniec\u012bbas nozar\u0113s un ir atz\u012bts par kancerog\u0113nu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>GOS \u0113teri, piem\u0113ram, etil\u0113nglikola nbutil\u0113teris<em>(EGBE<\/em>) <sub>C6H14O2<\/sub>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>GOS esteris, piem\u0113ram, metilacet\u0101ts <sub>C3H6O2<\/sub>.  <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nitro GOS, piem\u0113ram, nitroet\u0101ns <sub>C2H5NO2<\/sub>, kairina elpo\u0161anas ce\u013cus, var main\u012bt asinis un izrais\u012bt krampjus.  <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Amino GOS, piem\u0113ram, anil\u012bns, kas viegli adsorb\u0113jas uz darba ap\u0123\u0113rba, sien\u0101m, iek\u0101rt\u0101m un darba virsm\u0101m.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p><strong>GOS defin\u012bcijai atbilst vair\u0101ki t\u016bksto\u0161i vielu<\/strong>. T\u0101s ietekm\u0113 gaisa kvalit\u0101ti vis\u0101s r\u016bpniec\u012bbas nozar\u0113s. Zinot, kas t\u0101s ir, m\u0113s varam saprast, k\u0101 t\u0101s rea\u0123\u0113 ar g\u0101z\u0113m un putek\u013ciem gais\u0101 r\u016bpniec\u012bbas objekt\u0101. Tad var veikt to \u0137\u012bmiskajam sast\u0101vam piel\u0101gotus profilaktiskus pas\u0101kumus, jo \u012bpa\u0161i attiec\u012bb\u0101 uz uztver\u0161anu avot\u0101, filtr\u0113\u0161anu un att\u012br\u012b\u0161anu.   <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>R\u016bpniec\u012bbas objekt\u0101 gaisto\u0161ie organiskie savienojumi (GOS) ir da\u013ca no apk\u0101rt\u0113j\u0101 gaisa pies\u0101r\u0146ot\u0101jiem gan telp\u0101s, gan \u0101rpus t\u0101m. Termins GOS aptver pla\u0161u \u0137\u012bmisko vielu kl\u0101stu.   <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":81991,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"none","_seopress_titles_title":"Gaisto\u0161ie organiskie savienojumi (GOS): ietekme un p\u0101rvald\u012bba","_seopress_titles_desc":"R\u016bpniec\u012bbas objekt\u0101 gaisto\u0161ie organiskie savienojumi (GOS) ir da\u013ca no apk\u0101rt\u0113j\u0101 gaisa pies\u0101r\u0146ot\u0101jiem gan telp\u0101s, gan \u0101rpus t\u0101m. Termins GOS aptver pla\u0161u \u0137\u012bmisko vielu kl\u0101stu. ","_seopress_robots_index":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[132],"tags":[133],"class_list":["post-82620","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-musu-padoms","tag-entete-maza","generate-columns","tablet-grid-50","mobile-grid-100","grid-parent","grid-50","no-featured-image-padding","resize-featured-image"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/82620","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=82620"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/82620\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":82622,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/82620\/revisions\/82622"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/81991"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=82620"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=82620"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=82620"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}