{"id":90751,"date":"2022-12-06T12:36:59","date_gmt":"2022-12-06T10:36:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/nase-rada\/quest-ce-que-la-poussiere-en-industrie\/"},"modified":"2025-04-25T10:24:04","modified_gmt":"2025-04-25T08:24:04","slug":"quest-ce-que-la-poussiere-en-industrie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/lv\/musu-padoms\/quest-ce-que-la-poussiere-en-industrie\/","title":{"rendered":"Kas ir putek\u013ci r\u016bpniec\u012bb\u0101?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

R\u016bpnieciskie putek\u013ci<\/h2>\n\n

Kas tie\u0161i ir putek\u013ci? Skaist\u0101s zeltaino putek\u013cu p\u0101rslas, kas saules staru gais\u0101 dejo gais\u0101? Tas pel\u0113kais p\u0101rkl\u0101jums uz plauktiem un rakst\u0101mgaldiem, kas cilv\u0113kus var padar\u012bt trakus? Vai biezais putek\u013cu puteklis zem ma\u0161\u012bn\u0101m? <\/p>\n\n

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B\u016bvlaukum\u0101, kokapstr\u0101d\u0113, maizes ceptuv\u0113, darbn\u012bc\u0101 vai lo\u0123istikas noliktav\u0101 putek\u013cus nereti rada cilv\u0113ki, kuri sl\u012bp\u0113, urbj, fr\u0113z\u0113 vai ma\u013c<\/strong> izejmateri\u0101lus, p\u016b\u0161 putek\u013cus ar saspiestu gaisu vai iepako, uzglab\u0101, transport\u0113 vai sajauc <\/strong>preces. Tas pats attiecas uz maisu pl\u0113\u0161anu un iztuk\u0161o\u0161anu vai izliju\u0161u materi\u0101lu slauc\u012b\u0161anu ar slotu. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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\"kokapstrādes<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n

Putek\u013ci ir visas \u0161\u012bs lietas. Putek\u013ci ir nosaukums smalk\u0101kaj\u0101m da\u013ci\u0146\u0101m, kas suspend\u0113tas gais\u0101. T\u0101s var rasties no jebkuras vietas: no kosmosa, vulk\u0101nu izvirdumiem, ugunsgr\u0113kiem, r\u016bpniec\u012bbas vai dabas. <\/p>\n\n

Ta\u010du putek\u013ci ir ar\u012b b\u012bstama viela<\/strong>. M\u0113s to bie\u017ei aizmirstam. Riski ir da\u017e\u0101di – no t\u012bri meh\u0101niskas elpce\u013cu kairin\u0101\u0161anas l\u012bdz hronisku iekaisuma procesu un audz\u0113ju att\u012bst\u012bbai, k\u0101 ar\u012b ak\u016btai kairino\u0161ai vai toksiskai iedarb\u012bbai (piem\u0113ram, \u0137\u012bmiskiem apdegumiem). Visvair\u0101k skartie org\u0101ni ir bronhi un plau\u0161as, k\u0101 ar\u012b deguna un acu g\u013cot\u0101das, \u0101da un citi org\u0101ni vis\u0101 \u0137ermen\u012b. <\/p>\n\n

Kas tie\u0161i ir putek\u013ci?<\/h2>\n\n

Kopum\u0101 putek\u013ci ir s\u012bku, neredzamu vai redzamu da\u013ci\u0146u kopums, kas atrodas gais\u0101. Putek\u013cu da\u013ci\u0146u lielumu m\u0113ra mikrometros (\u03bcm) jeb miljonaj\u0101s metra da\u013c\u0101s. <\/p>\n\n

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K\u0101 veidojas putek\u013ci?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Putek\u013ci ir cietas da\u013ci\u0146as, kas<\/strong> ir \u013coti smalki izklied\u0113tas gais\u0101. T\u0101s rodas, meh\u0101niski apstr\u0101d\u0101jot cietus materi\u0101lus (piem\u0113ram, sl\u012bp\u0113jot vai apstr\u0101d\u0101jot virsmas) vai suspend\u0113jot (piem\u0113ram, p\u016b\u0161ot ar saspiestu gaisu vai saus\u0101 veid\u0101 slaucot ar slotu), un t\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di non\u0101k gais\u0101, ko m\u0113s elpojam. Ciet\u0101s da\u013ci\u0146as, kas veidojas \u0137\u012bmiskos vai termiskos procesos (piem\u0113ram, metin\u0101\u0161an\u0101) un ar\u012b \u013coti smalki izklied\u0113jas gais\u0101, sauc par d\u016bmiem. Pla\u0161\u0101k\u0101 noz\u012bm\u0113 tie ir da\u013ca no putek\u013ciem. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u0101da noz\u012bme ir smalko putek\u013cu lielumam?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Jo maz\u0101ki ir smalkie putek\u013ci, jo kait\u012bg\u0101ki <\/strong>tie ir vesel\u012bbai. Lai da\u013ci\u0146as iek\u013c\u016btu elpce\u013cos, t\u0101m j\u0101b\u016bt maz\u0101k\u0101m par 10 mikroniem. Maz\u0101kas par 2,5 mikroniem t\u0101s iek\u013c\u016bst plau\u0161\u0101s. \u012apa\u0161i smalk\u0101s da\u013ci\u0146as<\/strong> ir gandr\u012bz tikpat mazas k\u0101 olbaltumvielas, t\u0101p\u0113c t\u0101s iek\u013c\u016bst organisma \u0161\u016bn\u0101s un no t\u0101m – asinsrit\u0113. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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\"daļiņu<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n
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Uzziniet vair\u0101k<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n

Putek\u013cu veids<\/h2>\n\n

R\u016bpniec\u012bb\u0101 un likumdo\u0161an\u0101 ir vair\u0101ki putek\u013cu veidi, piem\u0113ram, E, A un U putek\u013ci<\/strong>. A un U putek\u013ci ir visbie\u017e\u0101k sastopamie r\u016bpniec\u012bb\u0101. <\/p>\n\n

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Putek\u013ci E<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
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Ielpojamo putek\u013cu frakcija<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cementa putek\u013ci ir da\u013ca no“ieelpojam\u0101s putek\u013cu frakcijas”<\/strong>. Putek\u013ci E ir t\u0101 saukt\u0101 “ieelpojam\u0101 putek\u013cu frakcija”. T\u0101s ir da\u013ci\u0146as, kuras var ieelpot caur muti un degunu. Papildus ziedu putek\u0161\u0146iem visbie\u017e\u0101k min\u0113tie piem\u0113ri ir cementa putek\u013ci un smiltis. Da\u013ci\u0146as parasti ir maz\u0101kas par 100 \u00b5m<\/strong>. 1 \u00b5m atbilst 1\/1 000 000 metriem. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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putek\u013ci A<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\"Putekļu
Ieelpojam\u0101 putek\u013cu frakcija<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Metin\u0101\u0161anas d\u016bmi ir da\u013ca no“respir\u0113jam\u0101s putek\u013cu frakcijas”<\/strong>. Putek\u013ci A ir t\u0101 saukt\u0101 “respir\u0113jam\u0101 putek\u013cu frakcija”. T\u0101s ir tik mazas da\u013ci\u0146as, ka t\u0101s var iek\u013c\u016bt plau\u0161u alveol\u0101s<\/strong>. Taj\u0101 ietilpst daudzi d\u016bmi (piem\u0113ram, metin\u0101\u0161anas d\u016bmi<\/strong>) un kvarca putek\u013ci<\/strong>. \u0160\u012bs da\u013ci\u0146as ir maz\u0101kas par 5 \u00b5m<\/strong>, kas ir iev\u0113rojami maz\u0101kas par E putek\u013cu da\u013ci\u0146\u0101m. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Putek\u013ci U<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\"H
\u012apa\u0161i smalkas vai nanoda\u013ci\u0146as<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

U putek\u013ci attiecas uz \u013coti smalkaj\u0101m da\u013ci\u0146\u0101m<\/strong>. V\u0113l s\u012bk\u0101kas da\u013ci\u0146as tiek klasific\u0113tas k\u0101 U putek\u013ci, kas apz\u012bm\u0113 \u012bpa\u0161i smalkas da\u013ci\u0146as vai nanoda\u013ci\u0146as. \u0160ie putek\u013ci ir maz\u0101ki par 100 nanometriem<\/strong>. 1 Nm atbilst 1\/1 000 000 000 000 metriem. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n

\u0160\u0137iedras un \u0161\u0137iedru putek\u013ci<\/h2>\n\n

Piln\u012bguma labad nevajadz\u0113tu aizmirst ar\u012b \u0161\u0137iedras<\/strong>. T\u0101s ir viens no daudzajiem putek\u013cu veidiem, kas dab\u0101 veidojas “spont\u0101ni” vai tiek ra\u017eoti r\u016bpniec\u012bb\u0101, veicot manu\u0101lu vai meh\u0101nisku apstr\u0101di. <\/p>\n\n

Dab\u0101 tos rada erozija vai ziedo\u0161i augi. V\u0113j\u0161 tos izklied\u0113 gais\u0101, t\u0101p\u0113c tie ir neat\u0146emama gaisa sast\u0101vda\u013ca, ko m\u0113s visu laiku elpojam. <\/p>\n\n

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Savuk\u0101rt r\u016bpniec\u012bb\u0101 putek\u013cus vai d\u016bmus <\/strong>, kas rodas deta\u013cu apstr\u0101des laik\u0101, cen\u0161as uztvert <\/strong>tie\u0161i to ra\u0161an\u0101s viet\u0101, lai att\u012br\u012btu gaisu<\/strong> un izvair\u012btos no turpm\u0101kas gaisa pies\u0101r\u0146o\u0161anas, ko m\u0113s elpojam. Gad\u012bjumos, kad putek\u013cus nav iesp\u0113jams uztvert tie\u0161i ar procesu saist\u012btu tehnisku iemeslu d\u0113\u013c, ir iesp\u0113jams ier\u012bkot t\u0101 saukto telpu ventil\u0101ciju<\/strong>. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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\"oglekļa<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n

K\u0101p\u0113c putek\u013ci ir kait\u012bgi?<\/h2>\n\n

IETEKME UZ VIDI<\/h3>\n\n