{"id":93232,"date":"2023-03-10T16:17:42","date_gmt":"2023-03-10T14:17:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/nase-rada\/comment-mesurer-les-domaines-dexplosibilite-et-dexplosivite\/"},"modified":"2025-05-05T14:22:54","modified_gmt":"2025-05-05T12:22:54","slug":"comment-mesurer-les-domaines-dexplosibilite-et-dexplosivite","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/ro\/sfatul-nostru\/comment-mesurer-les-domaines-dexplosibilite-et-dexplosivite\/","title":{"rendered":"Cum se m\u0103soar\u0103 explozivii \u0219i domeniile explozive?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cum evalua\u021bi amplitudinea intervalului exploziv?<\/h2>\n\n<p><strong>Limita inferioar\u0103 de explozie (LIE)<\/strong> \u0219i <strong>limita superioar\u0103 de explozie (UEL<\/strong> ) sunt limitele exterioare ale domeniului exploziv. Acestea exprim\u0103 \u00eentinderea domeniului exploziv: LIE &#8211; LIE. <\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/domaines-explosivite-et-explosibilite.png\" alt=\"explozivitate &#x219;i explozivitate\" class=\"wp-image-19295\" width=\"975\" height=\"150\" srcset=\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/domaines-explosivite-et-explosibilite.png 1300w, https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/domaines-explosivite-et-explosibilite-300x46.png 300w, https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/domaines-explosivite-et-explosibilite-1024x158.png 1024w, https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/domaines-explosivite-et-explosibilite-768x118.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 975px) 100vw, 975px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n<p>Nu exist\u0103 <strong>explozii<\/strong> la :<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>limita inferioar\u0103 de explozie<\/strong><strong>(<\/strong> <strong>LIE<\/strong> ) \u0219i toate concentra\u021biile sub aceast\u0103 limit\u0103. Combustibilul se afl\u0103 \u00een <strong><em>domeniul <u>exploziv<\/u> inferior<\/em><\/strong>. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p><strong>Atmosfera este prea s\u0103rac\u0103 \u00een combustibil<\/strong>. Motorul de combustie se sufoc\u0103. Cu alte cuvinte: cantitatea de produs combustibil este insuficient\u0103 pentru a declan\u0219a arderea amestecului de gaze prin intermediul unei surse de aprindere.  <\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>limita superioar\u0103 de explozie <\/strong><strong>(<\/strong> <strong>UEL <\/strong>) \u0219i toate concentra\u021biile peste aceast\u0103 limit\u0103: <strong><em>domeniul <u>exploziv<\/u> superior<\/em><\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Atmosfera este prea bogat\u0103 \u00een combustibil. Motorul de combustie se \u00eeneac\u0103. Deci cantitatea de produs combustibil este prea mare \u00een raport cu cantitatea de oxigen pentru a ini\u021bia arderea amestecului de gaze.  <\/p>\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><strong>LEL <\/strong>\u0219i <strong>UEL:<\/strong> concentra\u021bii <strong>neexplozive<\/strong> ale produsului inflamabil care constituie limita exterioar\u0103 inferioar\u0103 \u0219i, respectiv, limita exterioar\u0103 superioar\u0103 a <strong>domeniului exploziv<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<cite><strong>LEL &lt; Concentra\u021bie exploziv\u0103 &lt; LSE<\/strong><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cum este m\u0103surat\u0103 cantitatea de substan\u021b\u0103 exploziv\u0103 \u00een ATEX?<\/h2>\n\n<p>\u00cen primul r\u00e2nd, starea fizic\u0103 a substan\u021bei determin\u0103 unitatea de m\u0103sur\u0103. \u00cen al doilea r\u00e2nd, valorile concentra\u021biei sunt m\u0103surate \u00een laborator \u00een condi\u021bii standard, adic\u0103 la o temperatur\u0103 de 25\u00b0C \u0219i o presiune atmosferic\u0103 de 1 bar. <\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Pentru <strong>gaze \u0219i vapori inflamabili<\/strong>: concentra\u021bia este exprimat\u0103 ca procent din volumul de produs combustibil \u00een volumul ATEX (%).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Exemplu: hidrogen. LEL: 4%. UEL: 75%.  <\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Pentru <strong>prafurile combustibile<\/strong>: concentra\u021bia este exprimat\u0103 ca mas\u0103 de produs combustibil \u00een volumul ATEX <sup>(g\/m3<\/sup>).  <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>\u00cen schimb, m\u0103sur\u0103m limita inferioar\u0103 a intervalului exploziv, cunoscut\u0103 sub numele de concentra\u021bie minim\u0103 exploziv\u0103.<\/p>\n\n<p>Exemplu praf de zah\u0103r: LEL = CME: <sup>25g\/m3<\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/domaines-explosivite-et-explosibilite-2.png\" alt=\"explozivitate &#x219;i explozivitate 2\" class=\"wp-image-19298\" width=\"975\" height=\"150\" srcset=\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/domaines-explosivite-et-explosibilite-2.png 1300w, https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/domaines-explosivite-et-explosibilite-2-300x46.png 300w, https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/domaines-explosivite-et-explosibilite-2-1024x158.png 1024w, https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/domaines-explosivite-et-explosibilite-2-768x118.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 975px) 100vw, 975px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n<p>O valoare particular\u0103 a domeniului exploziv, <strong>concentra\u021bia stoechiometric\u0103<\/strong> <sub>(Cst<\/sub>), este concentra\u021bia optim\u0103 a acestuia, \u00een raport cu cea a oxidantului (oxigen), care permite arderea total\u0103 a celor doi reactan\u021bi. La aceast\u0103 concentra\u021bie, ATEX este cel mai exploziv. <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Intervalul de explozie \u0219i concentra\u021bia de oxigen<\/h2>\n\n<p><strong> Formarea ATEX <\/strong>este determinat\u0103 de o combina\u021bie adecvat\u0103 a <strong>concentra\u021biilor respective de combustibil \u0219i oxidant <\/strong>(oxigen). Cu toate acestea, atunci c\u00e2nd <a href=\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/ro\/sfatul-nostru\/mon-produit-peut-il-etre-responsable-dune-explosion-atex\/\">identific\u0103 riscul ATEX<\/a>, angajatorul acord\u0103 prioritate concentra\u021biei de combustibil. Acest lucru se datoreaz\u0103 faptului c\u0103 atingerea domeniului exploziv depinde, \u00een general, de condi\u021biile de func\u021bionare. \u00cen acest sens, este mai simptomatic pentru riscul de formare ATEX dec\u00e2t concentra\u021bia de oxigen. Acest lucru se datoreaz\u0103 faptului c\u0103 majoritatea proceselor opera\u021bionale au loc \u00eentr-o<strong> atmosfer\u0103 ambiental\u0103<\/strong> \u00een care oxigenul este oxidantul la o concentra\u021bie constant\u0103 de 21%.    <\/p>\n\n<p>Cu toate acestea,<strong> cunoa\u0219terea exact\u0103 a concentra\u021biei de oxigen<\/strong> este util\u0103 \u00een anumite situa\u021bii industriale. De exemplu, atunci c\u00e2nd mai mul\u021bi solven\u021bi oxidan\u021bi sunt utiliza\u021bi \u00eentr-o opera\u021biune, emi\u021b\u00e2nd vapori \u0219i amestec\u00e2ndu-se cu aerul. Sau atunci c\u00e2nd un proces utilizeaz\u0103<strong> concentra\u021bii ridicate de substan\u021be explozive<\/strong> \u00een echipamente care admit pu\u021bin sau deloc oxigen.  <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Modific\u0103ri ale amplitudinii intervalului exploziv \u00een situa\u021bii industriale<\/h2>\n\n<p><strong>Intervalul exploziv <\/strong>este m\u0103surat \u00een condi\u021bii standard de temperatur\u0103 \u0219i presiune, deoarece ace\u0219ti parametri determin\u0103 varia\u021bia acestuia. Aceste condi\u021bii de laborator corespund rareori condi\u021biilor opera\u021bionale. Atunci c\u00e2nd<strong> temperatura cre\u0219te, domeniul exploziv se l\u0103rge\u0219te<\/strong>. Prin urmare, riscul cre\u0219te \u00een cazul \u00een care opera\u021biunile sunt efectuate la <strong>temperaturi mai mari<\/strong> dec\u00e2t temperatura standardizat\u0103. \u00cen mod similar, atunci c\u00e2nd presiunea scade sub presiunea atmosferic\u0103, domeniul exploziv se mic\u0219oreaz\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 la dispari\u021bie. Unele opera\u021biuni \u00een vid utilizeaz\u0103 aceast\u0103 proprietate pentru a preveni riscul de explozie. Al\u021bi factori influen\u021beaz\u0103 <strong>domeniul de explozie <\/strong>: granulometria substan\u021bei (pentru prafuri), umiditatea etc.      <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Afla\u021bi cum s\u0103 m\u0103sura\u021bi domeniile exploziv \u0219i exploziv, lu\u00e2nd \u00een considerare diferi\u021bi parametri, cum ar fi amplitudinea domeniului exploziv \u0219i evolu\u021bia acestuia, cantitatea de substan\u021b\u0103 exploziv\u0103 \u0219i leg\u0103tura dintre domeniul exploziv \u0219i concentra\u021bia de oxigen \u00een industrie.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":93214,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"none","_seopress_titles_title":"Cum se m\u0103soar\u0103 explozivii \u0219i domeniile explozive?","_seopress_titles_desc":"\u00cen acest articol, afla\u021bi mai multe despre diferi\u021bii parametri implica\u021bi \u00een m\u0103surarea atmosferelor explozive \u0219i explozive \u00een zonele ATEX din industrie.","_seopress_robots_index":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[144],"tags":[145],"class_list":["post-93232","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sfatul-nostru","tag-entete-mic","generate-columns","tablet-grid-50","mobile-grid-100","grid-parent","grid-50","no-featured-image-padding","resize-featured-image"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/93232","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=93232"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/93232\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":93240,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/93232\/revisions\/93240"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/93214"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=93232"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=93232"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=93232"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}