{"id":93692,"date":"2023-01-10T11:03:47","date_gmt":"2023-01-10T09:03:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/nase-rada\/zone-atex-norme-atex-bases-protection-contre-risque-explosion\/"},"modified":"2025-05-06T08:50:09","modified_gmt":"2025-05-06T06:50:09","slug":"zone-atex-norme-atex-bases-protection-contre-risque-explosion","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/ro\/sfatul-nostru\/zone-atex-norme-atex-bases-protection-contre-risque-explosion\/","title":{"rendered":"Cum contribuie standardele \u0219i zonele ATEX la prevenirea riscului de explozie?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>DEFINI\u021aII DE BAZ\u0102 ALE ATEXURILOR<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">CE ESTE SIMBOLUL ATEX?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00cen\u021belesuri u\u0219or diferite \u00een func\u021bie de documentul citit:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>ATEX<\/strong> = <strong>ATmosph\u00e8re EXplosive<\/strong> \u0219i ATEX = ATmosph\u00e8re Explosible = ATmosph\u00e8re potentiellement EXplosive<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Acest acronim, derivat din directivele europene, se refer\u0103 la atmosfera dintr-o zon\u0103 de lucru \u00een care exist\u0103 un<strong> risc de explozie<\/strong> \u0219i care necesit\u0103 standarde speciale de protec\u021bie pentru <strong>siguran\u021ba la locul de munc\u0103<\/strong>. ATEX se poate forma oriunde: \u00een interiorul ma\u0219inilor sau rezervoarelor, sta\u021biilor de lucru, depozitelor etc. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ce este o<strong>atmosfer\u0103 exploziv\u0103?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8222;Amestecul cu aerul, \u00een condi\u021bii atmosferice, de <strong>substan\u021be inflamabile <\/strong>sub form\u0103 de gaz, vapori, cea\u021b\u0103 sau praf, \u00een care, dup\u0103 aprindere, arderea se extinde la \u00eentregul amestec nears.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ce este o<strong>atmosfer\u0103 exploziv\u0103?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8222;O atmosfer\u0103 susceptibil\u0103 de a deveni exploziv\u0103 ca urmare a condi\u021biilor locale \u0219i opera\u021bionale&#8221;. Atmosfera, chiar dac\u0103 este alc\u0103tuit\u0103 din substan\u021be inflamabile, nu \u00eendepline\u0219te condi\u021biile care o plaseaz\u0103 \u00een <strong>domeniul<\/strong> s\u0103u <strong>de explozie<\/strong>. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/pictogramme_atex_4.png\" alt=\"pictograma atex 4\" class=\"wp-image-19059\" width=\"225\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/pictogramme_atex_4.png 300w, https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/pictogramme_atex_4-150x300.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Care este diferen\u021ba dintre o <strong>directiv\u0103 ATEX \u0219i un standard ATEX?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n<p><strong>Directivele europene ATEX<\/strong> ofer\u0103 un cadru pentru responsabilitatea juridic\u0103 a \u00eentreprinderilor. Acestea impun <strong>standarde de siguran\u021b\u0103<\/strong> \u00een zonele \u00een care exist\u0103 riscul unei atmosfere explozive. Anexele la directivele europene ATEX enumer\u0103 m\u0103surile generale de protec\u021bie asociate cu ATEX. <strong>Standardele europene ATEX<\/strong> specific\u0103 aceste m\u0103suri de protec\u021bie \u0219i siguran\u021b\u0103   <\/p>\n\n<p>Directivele \u0219i standardele europene ATEX sunt concepute pentru a asigura siguran\u021ba persoanelor, a echipamentelor \u0219i a sistemelor de protec\u021bie amplasate \u00een <strong>atmosfere poten\u021bial explozive<\/strong>. Directivele \u0219i standardele ATEX sunt obligatorii pentru angajatori, produc\u0103tori, instalatori \u0219i al\u021bii. Pe scurt, orice \u00eentreprindere care contribuie la prezen\u021ba personalului sau a echipamentelor \u00eentr-o zon\u0103 cu atmosfer\u0103 exploziv\u0103. Acestea impun luarea de m\u0103suri preventive \u0219i protec\u021bia lucr\u0103torilor \u00een <strong>zonele cu risc de explozie <\/strong>(zone ATEX). Directivele \u0219i <strong>standardele ATEX<\/strong> definesc categoriile de echipamente, <a href=\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/conseils\/quelle-installation-daspiration-pour-mon-application\/\">instala\u021bii<\/a>, sisteme de protec\u021bie, \u00eembr\u0103c\u0103minte de protec\u021bie etc. \u00een func\u021bie de zona de risc ATEX. Acestea ofer\u0103 un cadru pentru conformitatea unei categorii de echipamente cu nivelul de protec\u021bie necesar.       <\/p>\n\n<p>O categorie de echipamente corespunde nivelului de risc existent \u00eentr-o categorie de zon\u0103 cu atmosfer\u0103 exploziv\u0103. Standardele fac distinc\u021bie \u00eentre diferite niveluri ale procedurilor de evaluare <strong>a conformit\u0103\u021bii ATEX<\/strong> pentru diferite categorii de echipamente, \u00een func\u021bie de faptul dac\u0103 acestea sunt electrice sau neelectrice. \u00cen func\u021bie de nivelul cerin\u021belor definite de directivele ATEX, un organism de certificare ATEX notificat sau produc\u0103torul este autorizat s\u0103 evalueze conformitatea echipamentelor ATEX. \u00cen cele din urm\u0103, directivele ATEX impun angajatorilor s\u0103 \u00eentocmeasc\u0103 un document de <strong>protec\u021bie \u00eempotriva exploziilor<\/strong> (EPD). Acest document formalizeaz\u0103 m\u0103surile luate la locul de munc\u0103 \u00eempotriva riscului de explozie.    <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Care este diferen\u021ba dintre zonarea ATEX \u0219i zonele ATEX?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n<p><strong>Zonarea ATEX<\/strong> subdivizeaz\u0103 locurile \u00een care pot ap\u0103rea atmosfere explozive \u00een 3 categorii de zone de risc ATEX (zone ATEX).<\/p>\n\n<p>Categoria zonei ATEX este rezultatul unei evalu\u0103ri a nivelului de prezen\u021b\u0103 a unei atmosfere <strong>explozive<\/strong> pentru fiecare loca\u021bie. O <strong>categorie de zon\u0103 ATEX<\/strong> corespunde unui nivel de frecven\u021b\u0103 <strong>a riscului ATEX<\/strong>. Categoria zonei ATEX influen\u021beaz\u0103 natura m\u0103surilor organizatorice \u0219i tehnice care trebuie adoptate \u00een prezen\u021ba ATEX. Standardele ATEX definesc m\u0103surile aplicabile, \u00een func\u021bie de categoria zonei ATEX, pentru <strong>siguran\u021ba echipamentelor<\/strong> \u0219i protec\u021bia lucr\u0103torilor. \u00cen special, aceste standarde ATEX \u00eencurajeaz\u0103 <strong>eliminarea atmosferei explozive \u00een aceste zone<\/strong>, dac\u0103 nu pentru a reduce riscul de explozie, \u0219i, \u00een cele din urm\u0103, pentru a proteja persoanele \u0219i echipamentele \u00een cazul \u00een care <a href=\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/conseils\/aspiration-brouillard-huile-emulsion-quel-danger-fluides-coupe\/\">riscul de explozie<\/a> se materializeaz\u0103 \u00eentr-o zon\u0103. Zonarea ATEX indic\u0103 categoria de<strong>echipamente ATEX<\/strong> \u0219i sistemele de protec\u021bie ATEX autorizate \u00eentr-o categorie de zone ATEX. Marcajul ATEX indic\u0103 faptul c\u0103 echipamentul a fost evaluat \u0219i are nivelul de protec\u021bie adecvat pentru riscul de explozie identificat \u00een zona ATEX.      <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Categorii de zone ATEX<\/h2>\n\n<table id=\"tablepress-180\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-180\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><\/td><th class=\"column-2\">Atmosph\u00e8re explosive compos\u00e9e d\u2019un m\u00e9lange :<\/th><td class=\"column-3\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Risque d\u2019explosion ATEX<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">air -gaz \/vapeur ou brouillard inflammables<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">air - poussi\u00e8res combustibles<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Permanent<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Zone ATEX 0<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Zone ATEX 20<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Occasionnel<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Zone ATEX 1<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Zone ATEX 21<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Potentiel<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Zone ATEX 2<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Zone ATEX 22<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><br\/>Zona ATEX \u00een care atmosfera exploziv\u0103 este format\u0103 din prafuri inflamabile<\/h2>\n\n<table id=\"tablepress-181\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-181\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n\t<th class=\"column-1\">Fonctionnement mat\u00e9riel ATEX<\/th><th class=\"column-2\">Pr\u00e9sence d\u2019ATEX<br \/>\n<br \/>\n<\/th><th class=\"column-3\">Lieu d\u2019ATEX<\/th><th class=\"column-4\">Cat\u00e9gorie de zone ATEX<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">normal<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">permanente<br \/>\n<br \/>\nlongue dur\u00e9e<br \/>\n<br \/>\nfr\u00e9quente<\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><br \/>\nInt\u00e9rieur d\u2019installations, \u00e9quipements (d\u00e9poussi\u00e9reurs, filtres, collecteurs de poussi\u00e8res\u2026)<br \/>\n<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Zone ATEX 20<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">normal<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">occasionnelle<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Proximit\u00e9 imm\u00e9diate de zone ATEX 20<br \/>\nPoints de remplissage \/ vidange (produits pulv\u00e9rulents)<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Zone ATEX 21<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">anormal<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">accidentelle<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Voisinage d\u2019appareils, syst\u00e8mes de protection contenant de la poussi\u00e8re pouvant s\u2019\u00e9chapper accidentellement en nuage de poussi\u00e8res<br \/>\nCouches, d\u00e9p\u00f4ts, tas de poussi\u00e8res combustibles susceptibles de former une atmosph\u00e8re explosive (surfaces impossibles \u00e0 aspirer\u2026)<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Zone ATEX 22<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Zona ATEX \u00een care atmosfera exploziv\u0103 este format\u0103 din gaze, vapori sau cea\u021b\u0103 inflamabile<\/h2>\n\n<table id=\"tablepress-182\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-182\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n\t<th class=\"column-1\">Fonctionnement mat\u00e9riel ATEX<\/th><th class=\"column-2\">Pr\u00e9sence d\u2019ATEX<\/th><th class=\"column-3\">Lieu d\u2019ATEX<\/th><th class=\"column-4\">Cat\u00e9gorie de zone \u00e0 risque ATEX<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">normal<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">permanente <br \/>\n<br \/>\nde longue dur\u00e9e <br \/>\n<br \/>\nfr\u00e9quente<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Int\u00e9rieur conteneurs de gaz inflammables, liquides inflammables\/combustibles.<br \/>\ncanalisations,<br \/>\nr\u00e9servoirs,<br \/>\nr\u00e9cipients<br \/>\n<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Zone ATEX 20<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">normal<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">occasionnelle<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Proximit\u00e9 imm\u00e9diate zone 0<br \/>\nProximit\u00e9 imm\u00e9diate des ouvertures du mat\u00e9riel :<br \/>\nouvertures d\u2019alimentation, \u00e9vents, vannes de prise d\u2019\u00e9chantillons \/de purge, ouvertures de remplissage \/vidange<br \/>\nPoints bas des installations : fosses de r\u00e9tention, caniveaux<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Zone ATEX 21<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">anormal<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">accidentelle<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Emplacements autour des zones 0 et 1,<br \/>\nBrides, connexions, vannes et raccords (tuyauterie)<br \/>\nCuvettes de r\u00e9tention<br \/>\nProximit\u00e9 imm\u00e9diate des tubes de niveau en verre, appareils en mat\u00e9riaux fragiles, tout appareil ou \u00e9l\u00e9ment susceptible de fuites<br \/>\n<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Zone ATEX 22<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">DE LA CAUZELE FORM\u0102RII ATEXULUI LA CONSECIN\u021aELE UNEI EXPLOZII<\/h2>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Care sunt condi\u021biile de formare a unei ATEX?<\/h3>\n\n<p><strong>Prezen\u021ba combustibililor<\/strong> (gaze, vapori, praf), \u00een amestec cu atmosfera din zon\u0103, constituie <strong>\u00eenceputul riscului de explozie<\/strong>. Amestecul aer ambiant\/produs combustibil devine ATEX dac\u0103 \u00eendepline\u0219te standardele fizico-chimice asociate riscului de explozie. Cu c\u00e2t amestecul aer\/produs este mai omogen, cu<strong>at\u00e2t atmosfera este mai exploziv\u0103<\/strong>. Aceste condi\u021bii cresc riscul de explozie, f\u0103r\u0103 a provoca o explozie \u00een zona ATEX.   <\/p>\n\n<table id=\"tablepress-183\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-183\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n\t<th class=\"column-1\">ATEX : mati\u00e8re inflammable:<\/th><th class=\"column-2\">Condition minimale de formation d\u2019ATEX<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">gaz<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Concentration du gaz dans l\u2019air suffisante pour que le risque d\u2019explosion du m\u00e9lange se concr\u00e9tise si une source d\u2019inflammation apparait<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">vapeur \u00e9mise par un liquide<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Temp\u00e9rature du liquide suscitant un d\u00e9gagement de vapeurs suffisant pour que la concentration de vapeurs dans l\u2019air atteigne la plage d\u2019explosibilit\u00e9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">poussi\u00e8re en nuage<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Niveau de concentration des poussi\u00e8res en suspension dans l\u2019air suffisant pour provoquer sous conditions une explosion<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Care sunt sursele de aprindere ale unui ATEX?<\/h3>\n\n<p><strong>Sursa de aprindere<\/strong> aduce \u00een zona ATEX energia care declan\u0219eaz\u0103 reac\u021bia de ardere dintre aerul \u00eenconjur\u0103tor \u0219i combustibil. Aceast\u0103 condi\u021bie, care este necesar\u0103 pentru<strong>aprinderea ATEX<\/strong>, cre\u0219te riscul de explozie \u00een zon\u0103, dar nu este suficient\u0103 \u00een sine pentru a produce o explozie. Exemplu: un chibrit provoac\u0103 aprinderea amestecului inflamabil aer\/butan dintr-un aragaz, f\u0103r\u0103 s\u0103 explodeze.  <\/p>\n\n<table id=\"tablepress-184\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-184\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n\t<th class=\"column-1\">Origine des sources d\u2019inflammation<\/th><th class=\"column-2\">Nature des sources d\u2019inflammation ATEX<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Electrique<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">\u00e9tincelle (arc \u00e9lectrique, courant \u00e9lectrique vagabond, \u2026<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">\u00c9lectrostatique<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">\u00e9tincelle (d\u00e9charge \u00e9lectrostatique), foudre, \u2026<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">M\u00e9canique<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">\u00e9tincelle (particules incandescentes), \u00e9chauffement par friction, \u2026<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Thermique<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">surfaces chaudes, flammes nues, travaux par points chauds, cigarettes, rayonnement solaire\u2026<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-6\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Chimique<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">r\u00e9actions exothermiques (auto-\u00e9chauffement, \u00e9chauffement par fermentation \u2026)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-7\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Autres<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">rayonnement ionisant, ondes \u00e9lectromagn\u00e9tiques, ultrasons, \u2026<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n<p>O zon\u0103 este echipat\u0103 cu o varietate de echipamente care genereaz\u0103 <strong>surse de aprindere ATEX<\/strong>. Pentru validarea conformit\u0103\u021bii ATEX, \u00een func\u021bie de categoria zonei ATEX care urmeaz\u0103 s\u0103 fie echipat\u0103, <a href=\"https:\/\/a2s-atex.com\/fr\/content\/11-les-directives-europeennes-atex\">reglement\u0103rile europene ATEX<\/a> fac distinc\u021bie \u00eentre 2 categorii de echipamente (echipamente electrice \u0219i echipamente neelectrice). <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Care sunt condi\u021biile pentru o explozie \u00eentr-o zon\u0103 ATEX?<\/h3>\n\n<p>O explozie ATEX este declan\u0219at\u0103 atunci c\u00e2nd apar simultan 6 condi\u021bii.<\/p>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<p>3 elemente \u00een cantitate suficient\u0103 pentru a <strong>aprinde ATEX<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Produse combustibile<\/strong> (gaze, vapori, praf) prezente \u00een atmosfera din zon\u0103<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Agent de combustie<\/strong> (oxigen din atmosfer\u0103) care stimuleaz\u0103 arderea combustibilului prezent \u00een atmosfera din zon\u0103<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Surs\u0103 de aprindere<\/strong> (de exemplu, sc\u00e2nteie electric\u0103) care furnizeaz\u0103 suficient\u0103 energie pentru a aprinde atmosfera exploziv\u0103.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>3 acceleratori de combustie pentru a transforma aprinderea \u00een explozie<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" start=\"4\">\n<li>Amestec omogen de oxigen &#8211; produs combustibil (gaz\/vapoare\/praf) \u00een atmosfer\u0103 exploziv\u0103<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00cen ATEX, concentra\u021bia produsului combustibil se afl\u0103 \u00een intervalul s\u0103u de explozie.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Izolare suficient\u0103 pentru a ob\u021bine <strong>presiunea potrivit\u0103<\/strong> pentru accelerarea arderii<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/conditions-dexplosition-atex.png\" alt=\"condi&#x21B;ii de func&#x21B;ionare atex\" class=\"wp-image-19050\" width=\"350\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/conditions-dexplosition-atex.png 350w, https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/conditions-dexplosition-atex-300x257.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 350px) 100vw, 350px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Care este mecanismul din spatele unei explozii ATEX?<\/h3>\n\n<p>Un ATEX intr\u0103 \u00een contact cu o surs\u0103 de aprindere.<strong>Explozia este declan\u0219at\u0103<\/strong>: arderea instantanee a produselor combustibile din ATEX, eliber\u00e2nd o energie intens\u0103. Explozia ia forma unei<strong>cre\u0219teri bru\u0219te a volumului, presiunii \u0219i temperaturii gazelor<\/strong> din ATEX. Aceasta produce o und\u0103 de suprapresiune care se propag\u0103 cu o vitez\u0103 de 2 p\u00e2n\u0103 la 10 km\/s (efect de explozie), fl\u0103c\u0103ri \u0219i degajare de c\u0103ldur\u0103. O parte din energia undei de explozie spulber\u0103 suprafa\u021ba de contact sau incinta \u00een care a fost izolat\u0103 atmosfera exploziv\u0103, apoi ejecteaz\u0103 fragmente din materialul sf\u0103r\u00e2mat.    <\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Unda de explozie<\/strong> se deplaseaz\u0103 apoi \u00een zone concentrice la vitez\u0103 supersonic\u0103; apoi scade treptat \u00een dou\u0103 etape: o perioad\u0103 de suprapresiune (1 p\u00e2n\u0103 la 5 milisecunde) \u0219i o <strong>perioad\u0103 de depresiune<\/strong> (aspira\u021bie) p\u00e2n\u0103 la revenirea la <strong>presiunea atmosferic\u0103 normal\u0103<\/strong> (5 p\u00e2n\u0103 la 25 ms). Unda de explozie scade cu distan\u021ba \u0219i cu nivelul de izolare a atmosferei \u00een zona de lucru. Reducerea este: foarte u\u0219oar\u0103 atunci c\u00e2nd unda de explozie se propag\u0103 de-a lungul unei singure axe (conduct\u0103 de leg\u0103tur\u0103 \u00eentre echipamente etc.), mai rapid\u0103 \u00een cazul propag\u0103rii bidimensionale (incinte etc.), foarte rapid\u0103 \u00eentr-un mediu deschis (echipamente \u00een afara incintei etc.). Sistemele de protec\u021bie limiteaz\u0103 explozia \u00een diferite moduri: ventilare, sisteme de decuplare etc.   <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Care sunt riscurile asociate cu exploziile ATEX?<\/h3>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Riscuri de explozie ATEX pentru siguran\u021ba lucr\u0103torilor.<\/h4>\n\n<p>Riscurile pentru lucr\u0103tori \u00een cazul unei explozii ATEX constituie baza reglement\u0103rilor privind protec\u021bia \u0219i siguran\u021ba acestora. <strong>Riscul de r\u0103nire<\/strong> variaz\u0103 \u00een func\u021bie de zona \u00een care lucr\u0103torul este expus riscului de explozie. <\/p>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Risc de r\u0103nire din cauza exploziei :<\/h4>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>riscuri cauzate de impactul<strong>undei de explozie<\/strong> cu p\u0103r\u021bi ale corpului goale sau pline cu gaz<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>riscurile asociate cu<strong>impactul fragmentelor proiectate de<\/strong> instala\u021bii sau echipamente explodate,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>riscul ca lucr\u0103torul s\u0103 fie aruncat de valul de explozie<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Riscuri de v\u0103t\u0103mare legate de impactul exploziei ATEX asupra instala\u021biilor, echipamentelor, materialelor etc. :<\/h4>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>riscuri de arsuri, strivire, inhalare de substan\u021be toxice<\/strong>; consecin\u021be ale distrugerii \u0219i aprinderii cauzate de explozie<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>riscuri pentru sistemul <strong>imunitar \u0219i nervos <\/strong>prin absorb\u021bia de substan\u021be toxice<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Riscuri de explozie ATEX pentru echipamente.<\/h4>\n\n<p>Unda de explozie \u0219i aprinderea atmosferei genereaz\u0103 efecte asupra echipamentului. Explozia poate <strong>provoca fragmentarea dispozitivului surs\u0103<\/strong>, prezen\u021ba unui crater la epicentrul exploziei, proiec\u021bia de fragmente de material care strivesc echipamentul sau infrastructura, proiec\u021bia de materiale aprinse care sunt surse de aprinderi sau explozii ulterioare (efect domino) etc. <\/p>\n\n<p>Dup\u0103 evaluarea riscurilor asociate cu o explozie ATEX, angajatorul trebuie s\u0103 ia diverse m\u0103suri <strong>pentru a asigura siguran\u021ba<\/strong> \u0219i protec\u021bia lucr\u0103torilor \u0219i a echipamentelor: DRPCE, <strong>sisteme \u0219i \u00eembr\u0103c\u0103minte de protec\u021bie<\/strong>, echipamente ATEX etc.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Acest acronim, derivat din directivele europene, se refer\u0103 la atmosfera dintr-o zon\u0103 de lucru \u00een care exist\u0103 un risc de explozie \u0219i care necesit\u0103 standarde speciale de protec\u021bie pentru siguran\u021ba la locul de munc\u0103. ATEX se poate forma oriunde: \u00een interiorul ma\u0219inilor sau rezervoarelor, sta\u021biilor de lucru, depozitelor etc. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":93625,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"none","_seopress_titles_title":"Cum ajut\u0103 standardele ATEX la prevenirea exploziilor?","_seopress_titles_desc":"\u00cen acest articol, ve\u021bi g\u0103si toate elementele de baz\u0103 pe care trebuie s\u0103 le cunoa\u0219te\u021bi dac\u0103 lucra\u021bi \u00eentr-o zon\u0103 ATEX \u00een care exist\u0103 un risc de explozie.","_seopress_robots_index":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[144],"tags":[145],"class_list":["post-93692","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sfatul-nostru","tag-entete-mic","generate-columns","tablet-grid-50","mobile-grid-100","grid-parent","grid-50","no-featured-image-padding","resize-featured-image"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/93692","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=93692"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/93692\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":93704,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/93692\/revisions\/93704"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/93625"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=93692"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=93692"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=93692"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}