{"id":40369,"date":"2024-03-25T15:20:08","date_gmt":"2024-03-25T13:20:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/non-classifiee\/voc-v-priemyselnych-procesoch-ktora-strategia-zmiernovania\/"},"modified":"2025-04-15T11:31:43","modified_gmt":"2025-04-15T09:31:43","slug":"cov-processus-industriels-quelle-strategie-attenuation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/sk\/nasa-rada\/cov-processus-industriels-quelle-strategie-attenuation\/","title":{"rendered":"VOC v priemyseln\u00fdch procesoch. Ak\u00e1 strat\u00e9gia zmier\u0148ovania?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Prchav\u00e9 organick\u00e9 zl\u00fa\u010deniny (VOC)<\/strong> a z\u00e1pachy m\u00f4\u017eu vznika\u0165 pri r\u00f4znych priemyseln\u00fdch procesoch. Identifik\u00e1cia potenci\u00e1lnych zdrojov emisi\u00ed VOC z t\u00fdchto procesov je nevyhnutn\u00e1 na vypracovanie \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fdch strat\u00e9gi\u00ed na zmiernenie ich vplyvu. <\/p>\n\n<p>Spomedzi l\u00e1tok pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch v priemysle emituj\u00fa VOC najm\u00e4 rozp\u00fa\u0161\u0165adl\u00e1. Pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa sa v <strong>zlo\u017een\u00ed v\u00fdrobkov, ktor\u00e9<\/strong> sa spotrebuj\u00fa ako suroviny alebo z\u00e1soby v priemyselnom procese; napr\u00edklad: farby, atramenty, laky, odstra\u0148ova\u010de n\u00e1terov, \u010distiace prostriedky, <strong>fytosanit\u00e1rne v\u00fdrobky<\/strong>, kozmetika at\u010f.   <\/p>\n\n<p>V\u0161etky priemyseln\u00e9 odvetvia pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa rozp\u00fa\u0161\u0165adl\u00e1, ktor\u00e9 pri r\u00f4znych oper\u00e1ci\u00e1ch svojich procesov <strong>emituj\u00fa VOC<\/strong>. Napr\u00edklad : <\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u010cistenie a dezinfekcia povrchov alebo v\u00fdrobkov: podlahy, zariadenia, oble\u010denia at\u010f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Odmas\u0165ovanie kovov\u00fdch a plastov\u00fdch dielov &#8230;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Rozpustite a odstr\u00e1\u0148te zvy\u0161ky lepidla, farby at\u010f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Riedenie v\u00fdrobku: tla\u010diarensk\u00e9 farby, farby pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 maliarmi, po\u013enohospod\u00e1rske v\u00fdrobky at\u010f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>extrahova\u0165, separova\u0165, syntetizova\u0165 a \u010disti\u0165 chemick\u00e9 zl\u00fa\u010deniny<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Poz\u00fdvame v\u00e1s, aby ste sa obozn\u00e1mili s <strong>postupmi na minimaliz\u00e1ciu VOC <\/strong>v priemyseln\u00fdch procesoch.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u0161eobecn\u00e9 postupy na zni\u017eovanie VOC v priemyseln\u00fdch procesoch<\/h2>\n\n<p>Na<strong> zn\u00ed\u017eenie pr\u00edtomnosti prchav\u00fdch organick\u00fdch zl\u00fa\u010den\u00edn v priemyseln\u00fdch procesoch<\/strong> s\u00fa v priemyselnom sektore be\u017en\u00e9 tieto postupy<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Nain\u0161talujte<strong> syst\u00e9m ods\u00e1vania VOC <\/strong>pri zdroji a syst\u00e9m \u010distenia. Na minimaliz\u00e1ciu rozptylu VOC v okolitom ovzdu\u0161\u00ed by sa mohli pou\u017ei\u0165 napr\u00edklad ods\u00e1vacie digestory a filter upravuj\u00faci vzduch <a href=\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/sk\/produits\/traitement-cov\/filtre-atex-mobile-mobfan-4500\/\">adsorpciou na akt\u00edvnom uhl\u00ed<\/a>. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nahra\u010fte v\u00fdrobky obsahuj\u00face VOC alternat\u00edvnymi l\u00e1tkami s ni\u017e\u0161\u00edm obsahom VOC, ak to priemyseln\u00fd proces umo\u017e\u0148uje. Na tento \u00fa\u010del je potrebn\u00e9 najprv identifikova\u0165 a pos\u00fadi\u0165 konkr\u00e9tne zdroje VOC v priemyselnom are\u00e1li <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Optimalizujte<strong> priemyseln\u00fd proces<\/strong> s cie\u013eom minimalizova\u0165 emisie VOC (\u00faprava v\u00fdrobn\u00fdch parametrov, optimaliz\u00e1cia prev\u00e1dzkov\u00fdch podmienok at\u010f.).  <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pravidelne kontrolujte priemyseln\u00e9 zariadenia na \u00fanik VOC.  <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Zabezpe\u010di\u0165, aby <strong>postupy nakladania s odpadom<\/strong> zni\u017eovali emisie VOC. To m\u00f4\u017ee zah\u0155\u0148a\u0165 pou\u017e\u00edvanie uzavret\u00fdch n\u00e1dob, recykl\u00e1ciu rozp\u00fa\u0161\u0165adiel a vhodn\u00fa likvid\u00e1ciu odpadu. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Zriadi\u0165 <a href=\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/conseils\/quelles-sources-cov-contribuent-degrader-qualite-air-site-industriel\/\">syst\u00e9m monitorovania kvality ovzdu\u0161ia <\/a>na zis\u0165ovanie koncentr\u00e1ci\u00ed VOC (napr. elektronick\u00fd nos)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Zabezpe\u010dte, aby<strong>priemyseln\u00e9 zariadenie<\/strong> sp\u013a\u0148alo normy a limity stanoven\u00e9 predpismi o emisi\u00e1ch VOC.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Zvy\u0161ovanie povedomia zamestnancov o rizik\u00e1ch spojen\u00fdch s VOC.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Prijat\u00edm t\u00fdchto osved\u010den\u00fdch postupov m\u00f4\u017eu spolo\u010dnosti prispie\u0165 k zn\u00ed\u017eeniu emisi\u00ed VOC,<strong> kontrole priemyseln\u00fdch pachov<\/strong> a zlep\u0161eniu kvality ovzdu\u0161ia v interi\u00e9ri, \u010do je prospe\u0161n\u00e9 pre zdravie pracovn\u00edkov aj \u017eivotn\u00e9 prostredie.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Prijat\u00edm t\u00fdchto postupov bud\u00fa v\u00fdrobcovia emitova\u0165 menej VOC a <a href=\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/sk\/nasa-rada\/quels-procedes-ameliorent-qualite-air-eliminant-cov\/\">zlep\u0161ia kvalitu okolit\u00e9ho ovzdu\u0161ia<\/a>, \u010do bude pr\u00ednosom pre zdravie a <strong>bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 pracovn\u00edkov<\/strong> aj pre \u017eivotn\u00e9 prostredie.<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"213\" src=\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/design-sans-titre-11-1-1024x213.jpg\" alt=\"dizajn bez n&#xE1;zvu 11 1\" class=\"wp-image-30157\" style=\"width:1073px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/design-sans-titre-11-1-1024x213.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/design-sans-titre-11-1-300x63.jpg 300w, https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/design-sans-titre-11-1-768x160.jpg 768w, https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/design-sans-titre-11-1-1536x320.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/design-sans-titre-11-1.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">prchav\u00e9 organick\u00e9 zl\u00fa\u010deniny emitovan\u00e9 pri ur\u010dit\u00fdch priemyseln\u00fdch procesoch<\/h2>\n\n<p>Tu s\u00fa uveden\u00e9 <strong>niektor\u00e9 priemyseln\u00e9 procesy,<\/strong> pri ktor\u00fdch m\u00f4\u017eu vznika\u0165 prchav\u00e9 organick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky a z\u00e1pach, a s nimi spojen\u00e9 strat\u00e9gie na ich zmiernenie.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ak\u00e9 prchav\u00e9 organick\u00e9 zl\u00fa\u010deniny sa uvo\u013e\u0148uj\u00fa pri priemyseln\u00fdch tla\u010diarensk\u00fdch procesoch a ak\u00e9 strat\u00e9gie na ich zmiernenie mo\u017eno pou\u017ei\u0165?  <\/h3>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">LZO emitovan\u00e9 pri rota\u010dnej tla\u010di  <\/h4>\n\n<p>V tomto ve\u013emi ve\u013ekoobjemovom procese tla\u010de <strong>katal\u00f3gov\u00fdch period\u00edk<\/strong> alebo hromadne vyr\u00e1ban\u00fdch kart\u00f3nov\u00fdch obalov (napr. obaly na cigarety, cukrovinky, tekutiny at\u010f.) sa ako rozp\u00fa\u0161\u0165adlo pou\u017e\u00edva tolu\u00e9n. Je to aromatick\u00e1 prchav\u00e1 organick\u00e1 zl\u00fa\u010denina, ktor\u00e1 je s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou zlo\u017eenia farieb alebo sa pou\u017e\u00edva na riedenie farieb. Viac ako 95 % tolu\u00e9nu pou\u017eit\u00e9ho v procese v\u00fdroby tla\u010de sa nach\u00e1dza v okolitom ovzdu\u0161\u00ed; a menej ako 5 % pou\u017eit\u00e9ho tolu\u00e9nu sa nach\u00e1dza v<strong> papierov\u00fdch vl\u00e1knach<\/strong> (ANESM 2012). Pri h\u013abkotla\u010di obalov sa zvy\u010dajne pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa <a href=\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/sk\/nasa-rada\/cov-aspiration-vapeurs-solvants\/\">rozp\u00fa\u0161\u0165adl\u00e1, ktor\u00e9 emituj\u00fa okysli\u010den\u00e9 prchav\u00e9 organick\u00e9 zl\u00fa\u010deniny<\/a> (estery, alkoholy, ket\u00f3ny).     <\/p>\n\n<p>Okrem toho sa na konci<strong> tla\u010diarensk\u00e9ho a su\u0161iaceho procesu<\/strong> emituj\u00fa VOC: odpadov\u00e9 vody obsahuj\u00face VOC, rozp\u00fa\u0161\u0165adlo z\u00edskan\u00e9 sp\u00e4\u0165 na op\u00e4tovn\u00e9 pou\u017eitie alebo predaj, VOC emitovan\u00e9 procesom alebo syst\u00e9mom na z\u00edskavanie rozp\u00fa\u0161\u0165adiel.  <\/p>\n\n<p><em>Strat\u00e9gia zni\u017eovania emisi\u00ed VOC pri h\u013abkotla\u010di<\/em><\/p>\n\n<p>Pou\u017eitie reten\u010dn\u00e9ho atramentu, ktor\u00fd zni\u017euje r\u00fdchlos\u0165 tvorby filmu v porovnan\u00ed s tolu\u00e9nov\u00fdm atramentom. Emisie VOC sa potom s\u00fastre\u010fuj\u00fa v su\u0161iacej jednotke, kde sa zachyt\u00e1vaj\u00fa a sprac\u00favaj\u00fa.   <\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/design-sans-titre-13-1024x1024.jpg\" alt=\"dizajn bez n&#xE1;zvu 13\" class=\"wp-image-30163\" style=\"width:401px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/design-sans-titre-13-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/design-sans-titre-13-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/design-sans-titre-13-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/design-sans-titre-13-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/design-sans-titre-13.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">LZO emitovan\u00e9 pri ofsetovej tla\u010di  <\/h4>\n\n<p>Tento proces tla\u010de sa pou\u017e\u00edva na tla\u010d ve\u013ek\u00fdch n\u00e1kladov kn\u00edh, \u010dasopisov a katal\u00f3gov. Na za\u010diatku tla\u010dov\u00e9ho procesu sa z atramentov, roztoku n\u00e1plne (obsahuj\u00faceho izopropanol) a pr\u00edsad uvo\u013e\u0148uj\u00fa prchav\u00e9 organick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky. Po\u010das<strong>tla\u010de sa izopropanol uvo\u013e\u0148uje dif\u00fazne<\/strong>. Pri su\u0161en\u00ed tla\u010de sa uvo\u013e\u0148uje najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed podiel VOC. Okrem toho m\u00f4\u017ee VOC mierne difundova\u0165 aj farba v tla\u010di. Na konci procesu tla\u010de, ke\u010f sa \u010distia dosky a valce, emituj\u00fa pou\u017eit\u00e9 rozp\u00fa\u0161\u0165adl\u00e1 ve\u013emi mal\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00e1 VOC (alifatick\u00e9, cyklick\u00e9 a\/alebo naft\u00e9nov\u00e9 uh\u013eovod\u00edky (lakov\u00fd benz\u00edn, \u0165a\u017ek\u00fd benz\u00edn at\u010f.).     <\/p>\n\n<p><em>Strat\u00e9gia zni\u017eovania emisi\u00ed VOC pre ofsetov\u00e9 tla\u010diarne<\/em><\/p>\n\n<p><strong> Zachyt\u00e1vanie pri zdroji v peci<\/strong> a \u010distenie plynn\u00fdch v\u00fdpust\u00ed obsahuj\u00facich VOC je prv\u00fdm prevent\u00edvnym opatren\u00edm.  <\/p>\n\n<p>Pridan\u00edm glykol\u00e9terov (1 % a\u017e 5 %) do roztoku fountu mo\u017eno zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 podiel izopropanolu na polovicu (z 10 % na 5 %), \u010d\u00edm sa zn\u00ed\u017eia emisie VOC zo zariadenia a\u017e o 40 %. Glykol\u00e9tery s\u00fa v\u0161ak VOC, z ktor\u00fdch niektor\u00e9 s\u00fa toxick\u00e9. <\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Prchav\u00e9 rozp\u00fa\u0161\u0165adl\u00e1 <\/strong>mo\u017eno <strong>\u010diasto\u010dne alebo \u00faplne nahradi\u0165 <\/strong>aj v produktoch pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch na \u010distenie zariaden\u00ed a spotrebn\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu.<\/p>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">VOC uvo\u013e\u0148ovan\u00e9 pri flexotla\u010di<\/h4>\n\n<p>Flexografia je proces reli\u00e9fnej tla\u010de, pri ktorom sa pou\u017e\u00edva <strong>pru\u017en\u00e1 fotopolym\u00e9rov\u00e1 doska na rota\u010dnom stroji<\/strong>. Tento proces funguje ako kontinu\u00e1lny atramentov\u00fd tamp\u00f3n a mo\u017eno ho pou\u017ei\u0165 na tla\u010d flexibiln\u00fdch obalov (vlnit\u00e1 alebo ploch\u00e1 lepenka, plastov\u00e9 f\u00f3lie, reklamn\u00e9 ta\u0161ky), samolepiacich etikiet, kovov\u00fdch obalov at\u010f. Rozp\u00fa\u0161\u0165adl\u00e1 pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 vo flexografii, ktor\u00e9 emituj\u00fa prchav\u00e9 organick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky, s\u00fa alkoholy, acet\u00e1ty a glykol\u00e9tery.    <\/p>\n\n<p><em>Strat\u00e9gia zni\u017eovania emisi\u00ed VOC pre flexotla\u010d<\/em><\/p>\n\n<p>Pou\u017e\u00edvanie farieb na vodnej b\u00e1ze (m\u00f4\u017eu obsahova\u0165 5 a\u017e 20 % rozp\u00fa\u0161\u0165adla) alebo UV farieb (je potrebn\u00e9 vymeni\u0165 tla\u010dov\u00e9 stroje). V\u0161etky zost\u00e1vaj\u00face rozp\u00fa\u0161\u0165adl\u00e1 by sa mali<strong> zachyti\u0165 pri zdroji <\/strong>a upravi\u0165 pomocou akt\u00edvneho uhlia. <\/p>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Prchav\u00e9 organick\u00e9 zl\u00fa\u010deniny emitovan\u00e9 pri tla\u010di<\/h4>\n\n<p>Letterpress je tla\u010dov\u00fd proces, ktor\u00fd spo\u010d\u00edva v tla\u010di reli\u00e9fnych znakov, z ktor\u00fdch sa sklad\u00e1 text, na papier.<strong>Letterpressov\u00e1 tla\u010d<\/strong> sa pou\u017e\u00edva na dokumenty s n\u00e1kladom 20 000 a\u017e 30 000 kusov, ako s\u00fa let\u00e1ky, prospekty a administrat\u00edvne dokumenty. LZO emitovan\u00e9 rozp\u00fa\u0161\u0165adlami a riedidlami s\u00fa: uh\u013eovod\u00edky (terpent\u00edn, tolu\u00e9n, xyl\u00e9n at\u010f.), chl\u00f3rovan\u00e9 zl\u00fa\u010deniny a etylalkohol.  <\/p>\n\n<p><em>Strat\u00e9gia zni\u017eovania emisi\u00ed VOC pre typografick\u00fa tla\u010d<\/em><\/p>\n\n<p>Pou\u017e\u00edvanie farieb s n\u00edzkym obsahom prchav\u00fdch organick\u00fdch l\u00e1tok,<strong>in\u0161tal\u00e1cia syst\u00e9mu zachyt\u00e1vania <\/strong>a filtr\u00e1cie<strong>zdroja <\/strong>a nakladanie s odpadom z tla\u010de, ktor\u00fd emituje prchav\u00e9 organick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky, s\u00fa s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou strat\u00e9gi\u00ed na zmiernenie vplyvu procesu tla\u010de.<\/p>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Prchav\u00e9 organick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky emitovan\u00e9 pri sie\u0165otla\u010di<\/h4>\n\n<p>Sie\u0165otla\u010d, <strong>tla\u010dov\u00fd proces<\/strong> vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00faci textiln\u00e9 pl\u00e1tna napusten\u00e9 farbou, sa m\u00f4\u017ee pou\u017ei\u0165 na tla\u010d na papier, kart\u00f3n, text\u00edlie, drevo, kov, plast at\u010f., v\u017edy s pou\u017eit\u00edm vhodnej farby. Hlavn\u00fdmi pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013emi s\u00fa grafick\u00fd priemysel (reklama, n\u00e1pisy, v\u00fdtvarn\u00e9 umenie at\u010f.), elektronika (tla\u010den\u00e9 obvody) a podlahov\u00e9 a stenov\u00e9 krytiny. LZO emitovan\u00e9 pri sie\u0165otla\u010di s\u00fa r\u00f4zne: aromatick\u00e9 LZO (trimetylbenz\u00e9n, tolu\u00e9n, xyl\u00e9n), alicyklick\u00e9 LZO (cyklohex\u00e1n), kysl\u00edkat\u00e9 LZO (alkoholy, ket\u00f3ny, estery). S\u00fa sp\u00f4soben\u00e9<strong>odparovan\u00edm rozp\u00fa\u0161\u0165adla obsiahnut\u00e9ho v<\/strong> atramente (a\u017e 65 %) v \u010distiacich prostriedkoch.   <\/p>\n\n<p><em>Strat\u00e9gia zni\u017eovania emisi\u00ed VOC pri sie\u0165otla\u010di<\/em><\/p>\n\n<p>Pou\u017e\u00edvanie atramentov na b\u00e1ze vody a odstra\u0148ova\u010dov atramentu s n\u00edzkymi emisiami VOC (napr. s\u00f3jov\u00fd metylester) zni\u017euje emisie. Pri pr\u00edprave obrazoviek a farieb, po\u010das tla\u010de, prenosu a su\u0161enia v\u00fdtla\u010dkov a pri \u010disten\u00ed obrazoviek je nevyhnutn\u00e9 zachyt\u00e1va\u0165 VOC pri zdroji. Syst\u00e9m zni\u017eovania emisi\u00ed<strong> VOC<\/strong> dop\u013a\u0148a<strong> skladovanie odpadu emituj\u00faceho VOC vo vetran\u00fdch z\u00e1sobn\u00edkoch<\/strong>.    <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ak\u00e9 prchav\u00e9 organick\u00e9 zl\u00fa\u010deniny sa uvo\u013e\u0148uj\u00fa pri priemyseln\u00fdch procesoch povrchovej \u00fapravy a ak\u00e9 s\u00fa strat\u00e9gie ich zni\u017eovania?<\/h3>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">LZO emitovan\u00e9 pri v\u00fdrobe n\u00e1terov v automobilovom priemysle<\/h4>\n\n<p>Pri v\u00fdrobe automobilov zah\u0155\u0148a <strong>proces nan\u00e1\u0161ania<\/strong> farby nieko\u013eko f\u00e1z, pri ktor\u00fdch doch\u00e1dza k emisi\u00e1m VOC. Z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 n\u00e1tery sa nan\u00e1\u0161aj\u00fa elektrofor\u00e9zou. N\u00e1sledn\u00e9 vrstvy z\u00e1kladn\u00e9ho n\u00e1teru (obsah rozp\u00fa\u0161\u0165adiel: 37 a\u017e 60 %), b\u00e1zy (75 %), laku (60 a\u017e 70 %) alebo laku (60 %) sa spravidla nan\u00e1\u0161aj\u00fa striekan\u00edm, po ktorom nasleduje \u010distenie a su\u0161enie. VOC emitovan\u00e9 v ka\u017edej f\u00e1ze <strong>rozp\u00fa\u0161\u0165adlami obsiahnut\u00fdmi v r\u00f4znych n\u00e1teroch <\/strong>s\u00fa: lakov\u00fd benz\u00edn (skupina alifatick\u00fdch uh\u013eovod\u00edkov), izopropanol, benzylalkohol, etanol a acet\u00f3n.     <\/p>\n\n<p><em>Strat\u00e9gia zni\u017eovania emisi\u00ed prchav\u00fdch organick\u00fdch zl\u00fa\u010den\u00edn pri procesoch nan\u00e1\u0161ania n\u00e1terov v automobilovom priemysle<\/em><\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Z\u00e1kladom prevencie je<\/strong> \u010distenie plynn\u00fdch odpadov\u00fdch v\u00f4d ich zachyt\u00e1van\u00edm pri zdroji a filtrovanie prchav\u00fdch organick\u00fdch l\u00e1tok, najm\u00e4 pomocou akt\u00edvneho uhlia. Pou\u017e\u00edvanie techn\u00edk nan\u00e1\u0161ania n\u00e1terov, ktor\u00e9 zni\u017euj\u00fa spotrebu rozp\u00fa\u0161\u0165adiel pri striekan\u00ed a \u010disten\u00ed, organiz\u00e1cia v\u00fdroby s cie\u013eom zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 spotrebu a zhodnocovanie rozp\u00fa\u0161\u0165adiel, v\u00fdber farieb na b\u00e1ze vody alebo pr\u00e1\u0161kov\u00fdch farieb a pou\u017e\u00edvanie \u010distiacich prostriedkov bez rozp\u00fa\u0161\u0165adiel v pr\u00edpade <strong>farieb na b\u00e1ze vody<\/strong> s\u00fa v\u0161etky strat\u00e9gie zmier\u0148ovania v tomto odvetv\u00ed. <\/p>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">VOC emitovan\u00e9 pri in\u00fdch priemyseln\u00fdch procesoch povrchovej \u00fapravy (okrem v\u00fdroby automobilov)<\/h4>\n\n<p>Ide o VOC, ktor\u00e9 sa uvo\u013e\u0148uj\u00fa pri <strong>nan\u00e1\u0161an\u00ed farby<\/strong>, laku alebo laz\u00fary na plast, kov, textil, keramiku, sklo at\u010f. V\u00fdrobky obsahuj\u00face rozp\u00fa\u0161\u0165adl\u00e1 (30 a\u017e 80 %) sa pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa na \u010distenie podkladu, nan\u00e1\u0161anie n\u00e1teru a su\u0161enie.   <\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Medzi prchav\u00e9 organick\u00e9 zl\u00fa\u010deniny emitovan\u00e9<strong> rozp\u00fa\u0161\u0165adlami pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdmi pri povrchovej \u00faprave kovov<\/strong> patria: butylacet\u00e1t a xyl\u00e9n (na riedenie); metyletylket\u00f3n, acet\u00f3n, tolu\u00e9n (na \u010distenie) a tie\u017e benz\u00e9n, formaldehyd at\u010f.  <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>V pr\u00edpade plastov<strong> sa pri povrchovej \u00faprave a \u010disten\u00ed uvo\u013e\u0148uj\u00fa<\/strong> prchav\u00e9 organick\u00e9 zl\u00fa\u010deniny, ako napr\u00edklad butylacet\u00e1t, xyl\u00e9n, metylizobutylket\u00f3n, izobutanol a formaldehyd.  <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>V pr\u00edpade text\u00edli\u00ed sa uvo\u013e\u0148uj\u00fa tieto prchav\u00e9 organick\u00e9 zl\u00fa\u010deniny: metyletylket\u00f3n, tolu\u00e9n a perchl\u00f3retyl\u00e9n.  <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Na in\u00fdch substr\u00e1toch s\u00fa <strong>hlavn\u00fdmi emitovan\u00fdmi VOC<\/strong> butylacet\u00e1t a xyl\u00e9n.  <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p><em>Strat\u00e9gia zni\u017eovania emisi\u00ed VOC pri priemyseln\u00fdch procesoch povrchovej \u00fapravy<\/em><\/p>\n\n<p>Okrem zachyt\u00e1vania <strong>VOC <\/strong>pri <strong>zdroji a ich spracovania <\/strong>, \u010do je hlavn\u00e9 zmier\u0148uj\u00face opatrenie, je zni\u017eovanie VOC pri zdroji doplnkovou strat\u00e9giou. Zah\u0155\u0148a pou\u017e\u00edvanie techn\u00edk striekania, ktor\u00e9 zni\u017euj\u00fa emisie VOC, pou\u017e\u00edvanie v\u00fdrobkov obsahuj\u00facich menej VOC (farby s vysok\u00fdm obsahom pevn\u00fdch l\u00e1tok, farby na b\u00e1ze vody alebo pr\u00e1\u0161kov\u00e9 farby) a techniky \u010distenia, <strong>pri ktor\u00fdch sa pou\u017e\u00edva<\/strong> menej <strong>rozp\u00fa\u0161\u0165adiel<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">VOC emitovan\u00e9 v sektore karos\u00e9ri\u00ed automobilov<\/h4>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignleft size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" src=\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/design-sans-titre-12-edited.jpg\" alt=\"dizajn bez n&#xE1;zvu 12\" class=\"wp-image-36041\" style=\"width:349px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/design-sans-titre-12-edited.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/design-sans-titre-12-edited-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/design-sans-titre-12-edited-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/design-sans-titre-12-edited-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\">Ide o VOC, ktor\u00e9 sa uvo\u013e\u0148uj\u00fa pri nan\u00e1\u0161an\u00ed farby a laku na <strong>karos\u00e9riu, ktor\u00e1 sa m\u00e1 upravi\u0165 alebo prelakova\u0165<\/strong>, a pri \u010distiacich prostriedkoch. S\u00fa to najm\u00e4 aromatick\u00e9 a alifatick\u00e9 uh\u013eovod\u00edkov\u00e9 VOC a kysl\u00edkat\u00e9 VOC (alkoholy, ket\u00f3ny, estery). <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"><em>Strat\u00e9gia zni\u017eovania emisi\u00ed VOC pri renov\u00e1cii karos\u00e9rie<\/em><\/p>\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\">Hlavn\u00fdm zmier\u0148uj\u00facim opatren\u00edm zost\u00e1va zachyt\u00e1vanie pri zdroji v lakovac\u00edch kab\u00ednach a n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 spracovanie pred vypusten\u00edm do vonkaj\u0161ieho prostredia, aby sa dodr\u017eali<strong> limitn\u00e9 hodnoty emisi\u00ed v <\/strong>z\u00e1vislosti od plochy dielne a mno\u017estva pou\u017eit\u00e9ho rozp\u00fa\u0161\u0165adla. Pou\u017e\u00edvanie techn\u00edk striekania, ktor\u00e9 zni\u017euj\u00fa spotrebu farby, a t\u00fdm aj emisie VOC, pou\u017e\u00edvanie v\u00fdrobkov s ni\u017e\u0161\u00edmi emisiami VOC (farby s vysok\u00fdm obsahom pevn\u00fdch l\u00e1tok, farby alebo laky na b\u00e1ze vody, UV laky) a techniky \u010distenia, ktor\u00e9 zni\u017euj\u00fa<strong> emisie VOC<\/strong>, s\u00fa najbe\u017enej\u0161\u00edmi strat\u00e9giami zmier\u0148ovania v karos\u00e1rskom sektore. <\/p>\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ak\u00e9 prchav\u00e9 organick\u00e9 zl\u00fa\u010deniny sa uvo\u013e\u0148uj\u00fa pri v\u00fdrobe farieb, lakov, atramentov a lepidiel a ak\u00e9 s\u00fa strat\u00e9gie ich zni\u017eovania?<\/h3>\n\n<p>Zlo\u017eky t\u00fdchto l\u00e1tok sa pripravuj\u00fa a skladuj\u00fa v tekutej forme z<strong> pr\u00e1\u0161kov\u00fdch materi\u00e1lov a rozp\u00fa\u0161\u0165adiel<\/strong>. Tieto zlo\u017eky sa potom d\u00e1vkuj\u00fa v po\u017eadovan\u00fdch d\u00e1vkach a mie\u0161aj\u00fa sa, aby sa vytvoril hotov\u00fd v\u00fdrobok. V tomto priemyselnom odvetv\u00ed sa ako rozp\u00fa\u0161\u0165adl\u00e1 m\u00f4\u017ee pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 pribli\u017ene 200 prchav\u00fdch organick\u00fdch l\u00e1tok. V pr\u00edpade procesov v\u00fdroby farieb, lakov a atramentov medzi emitovan\u00e9 VOC patria alifatick\u00e9 a aromatick\u00e9 uh\u013eovod\u00edky, xyl\u00e9n, tolu\u00e9n, dichl\u00f3rmet\u00e1n, estery a alkoholy. Pri <strong>v\u00fdrobe lepidiel a \u017eelat\u00edny<\/strong> s\u00fa hlavn\u00fdmi VOC metyletylket\u00f3n, etylacet\u00e1t a uh\u013eovod\u00edky.    <\/p>\n\n<p><em>Strat\u00e9gia zni\u017eovania emisi\u00ed VOC pri v\u00fdrobe farieb, lakov, atramentov a lepidiel<\/em><\/p>\n\n<p>Prv\u00fdm opatren\u00edm je zachyt\u00e1vanie pri zdroji a \u010distenie plynn\u00fdch odpadov\u00fdch v\u00f4d obsahuj\u00facich VOC. Napr\u00edklad pou\u017e\u00edvanie<strong> mobiln\u00fdch filtrov s akt\u00edvnym uhl\u00edm <\/strong>je ve\u013emi dobre prisp\u00f4sobite\u013en\u00e9 zmen\u00e1m v\u00fdrobn\u00fdch podmienok. Strat\u00e9gie na zn\u00ed\u017eenie emisi\u00ed VOC zah\u0155\u0148aj\u00fa pou\u017e\u00edvanie n\u00e1hradn\u00fdch v\u00fdrobkov s n\u00edzkym obsahom rozp\u00fa\u0161\u0165adiel (v\u00fdrobky na b\u00e1ze vody alebo v\u00fdrobky s vysok\u00fdm obsahom pevn\u00fdch l\u00e1tok) alebo v\u00fdrobky bez rozp\u00fa\u0161\u0165adiel. V pr\u00edpade <strong>\u010distiacich v\u00fdrobkov<\/strong> m\u00f4\u017eu v\u00fdrobcovia nahradi\u0165 organick\u00e9 rozp\u00fa\u0161\u0165adl\u00e1 vodn\u00fdmi roztokmi s\u00f3dy a pota\u0161e, ktor\u00e9 sa zahrievaj\u00fa na 80\u00b0, ale vy\u017eaduj\u00fa si \u00fapravu vody na um\u00fdvanie.   <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ak\u00e9 prchav\u00e9 organick\u00e9 zl\u00fa\u010deniny sa uvo\u013e\u0148uj\u00fa pri v\u00fdrobn\u00fdch procesoch lepiacich n\u00e1terov a ak\u00e9 s\u00fa strat\u00e9gie ich zni\u017eovania?<\/h3>\n\n<p>Prchav\u00e9 organick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky sa dost\u00e1vaj\u00fa do<strong> procesu nan\u00e1\u0161ania adh\u00e9znych n\u00e1terov<\/strong> prostredn\u00edctvom lepidiel na b\u00e1ze rozp\u00fa\u0161\u0165adiel, ktor\u00e9 pokr\u00fdvaj\u00fa povrch n\u00e1teru, a prostredn\u00edctvom pou\u017eit\u00fdch riedidiel. Emisie VOC s\u00fa v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 po\u010das procesu su\u0161enia. Hlavn\u00e9 typy s\u00fa    <\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>akrylov\u00e9 lepidl\u00e1<\/strong> na v\u00fdrobu lepidiel (lepiace p\u00e1sky, etikety at\u010f.), lepenie podlahov\u00fdch a stenov\u00fdch kryt\u00edn, lepenie PVC f\u00f3li\u00ed na dreven\u00e9 panely at\u010f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>vinylov\u00e9 lepidl\u00e1<\/strong> pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 na lepenie dielov z PVC v automobilovom priemysle (\u010deln\u00e9 skl\u00e1 at\u010f.), v stavebn\u00edctve (dren\u00e1\u017ene r\u00fary at\u010f.) at\u010f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>polyuret\u00e1nov\u00e9 lepidl\u00e1<\/strong> pre obalov\u00fd, textiln\u00fd a obuvn\u00edcky priemysel<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>neopr\u00e9nov\u00e9 lepidl\u00e1<\/strong> pre automobilov\u00fd, obuvn\u00edcky a stavebn\u00fd priemysel.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Pri priemyseln\u00fdch procesoch nan\u00e1\u0161ania lepidiel sa uvo\u013e\u0148uj\u00fa najm\u00e4 tieto prchav\u00e9 organick\u00e9 zl\u00fa\u010deniny: metyl\u00e9tylket\u00f3n, dimetyl\u00e9tylket\u00f3n, butylacet\u00e1t, etylacet\u00e1t, etylbenz\u00e9n, tolu\u00e9n a xyl\u00e9n.<\/p>\n\n<p><em>Strat\u00e9gia zni\u017eovania emisi\u00ed VOC pri v\u00fdrobe adhez\u00edvnych n\u00e1terov<\/em><\/p>\n\n<p>Po\u010das procesu su\u0161enia sa emisie VOC zachyt\u00e1vaj\u00fa pri zdroji a potom sa filtruj\u00fa pomocou akt\u00edvneho uhlia, \u010d\u00edm sa v\u00fdrazne zni\u017euj\u00fa<strong> emisie do atmosf\u00e9ry<\/strong>. Ostatn\u00e9 techniky na zn\u00ed\u017eenie emisi\u00ed VOC s\u00fa rovnak\u00e9 ako tie, ktor\u00e9 sa pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa pri v\u00fdrobe lepidla, ako je op\u00edsan\u00e9 vy\u0161\u0161ie. <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ak\u00e9 prchav\u00e9 organick\u00e9 zl\u00fa\u010deniny sa uvo\u013e\u0148uj\u00fa v priemyseln\u00fdch v\u00fdrobn\u00fdch procesoch farmaceutick\u00fdch v\u00fdrobkov a ak\u00e9 s\u00fa strat\u00e9gie ich zni\u017eovania?<\/h3>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/industrie-pharmaceutique-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"&#x17E;ena v ochrannom odeve vyr&#xE1;baj&#xFA;ca tablety v steriln&#xFD;ch pracovn&#xFD;ch podmienkach\" class=\"wp-image-36056\" style=\"width:350px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/industrie-pharmaceutique-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/industrie-pharmaceutique-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/industrie-pharmaceutique-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/industrie-pharmaceutique-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/industrie-pharmaceutique-2048x1365.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n<p><strong>Priemyseln\u00e9 procesy<\/strong> siahaj\u00fa od v\u00fdroby akt\u00edvnej farmaceutickej zlo\u017eky (suroviny) a\u017e po v\u00fdrobu liekovej formy (tablety, kapsule, masti, sirupu, spreja at\u010f.). Mnoh\u00e9 oper\u00e1cie vo farmaceutick\u00fdch v\u00fdrobn\u00fdch procesoch zah\u0155\u0148aj\u00fa rozp\u00fa\u0161\u0165adl\u00e1 a ved\u00fa k emisi\u00e1m VOC: plnenie mie\u0161a\u010dky, plnenie odpadov\u00fdch skladovac\u00edch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed, <strong>vstrekovanie steriln\u00e9ho vzduchu do potrubia<\/strong> na odstr\u00e1nenie produktu pred \u010disten\u00edm, pre\u010derp\u00e1vanie rozp\u00fa\u0161\u0165adla z cisterien do skladovac\u00edch sudov, odber vzoriek na kontrolu kvality at\u010f. Vo farmaceutickom priemysle sa pou\u017e\u00edva pribli\u017ene p\u00e4\u0165desiat rozp\u00fa\u0161\u0165adiel, ktor\u00e9 emituj\u00fa prchav\u00e9 organick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky. Patr\u00ed medzi ne pribli\u017ene desa\u0165 \u0161pecifick\u00fdch VOC klasifikovan\u00fdch ako CMR: diox\u00e1n, chloroform, dimetylformamid, dichl\u00f3ret\u00e1n, metyl\u00e9nchlorid, perchl\u00f3retyl\u00e9n, dimetylam\u00edn, diglym a triglym.   <\/p>\n\n<p><em>Strat\u00e9gia zmier\u0148ovania VOC pri v\u00fdrobe liekov<\/em><\/p>\n\n<p>Ka\u017ed\u00e1 \u010dinnos\u0165, pri ktorej sa pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa rozp\u00fa\u0161\u0165adl\u00e1 a emituj\u00fa sa prchav\u00e9 organick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky, si vy\u017eaduje zachyt\u00e1vanie pri zdroji a spracovanie. \u010casto sa pou\u017e\u00edva proces adsorpcie na akt\u00edvnom uhl\u00ed spolu s tepelnou oxid\u00e1ciou. Minimaliz\u00e1cia emisi\u00ed VOC zah\u0155\u0148a izol\u00e1ciu zdrojov a su\u0161enie v uzavretom okruhu s cie\u013eom zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 <strong>fugit\u00edvne emisie<\/strong>, uzavret\u00e9 oper\u00e1cie \u010distenia zariaden\u00ed a recirkul\u00e1ciu procesn\u00fdch preplachov, ak je to mo\u017en\u00e9, aby sa zabr\u00e1nilo priamemu vyp\u00fa\u0161\u0165aniu VOC cez otvory. Nahradenie rozp\u00fa\u0161\u0165adiel je zlo\u017eitej\u0161ie, preto\u017ee sa vyberaj\u00fa pre svoje <strong>fyzik\u00e1lno-chemick\u00e9 vlastnosti, ktor\u00e9 <\/strong>prispievaj\u00fa k procesu. V jednotliv\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch m\u00f4\u017ee v\u00fdrobca nahradi\u0165 rozp\u00fa\u0161\u0165adlo pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 v procese rozp\u00fa\u0161\u0165adlom, ktor\u00e9 emituje menej toxick\u00fdch VOC.      <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ak\u00e9 prchav\u00e9 organick\u00e9 zl\u00fa\u010deniny sa uvo\u013e\u0148uj\u00fa v procesoch stroj\u00e1rstva a ak\u00e9 s\u00fa strat\u00e9gie ich zni\u017eovania?<\/h3>\n\n<p>Ide najm\u00e4 o \u010distenie kovov\u00fdch povrchov pred alebo po obr\u00e1ban\u00ed s cie\u013eom odstr\u00e1ni\u0165 maziv\u00e1, rezn\u00e9 kvapaliny, oleje a pevn\u00e9 \u010dastice. Cie\u013eom je bu\u010f pr\u00edprava na \u010fal\u0161iu oper\u00e1ciu, alebo zlep\u0161enie vzh\u013eadu povrchu. Pri \u010disten\u00ed sa m\u00f4\u017ee kombinova\u0165 chemick\u00e9 p\u00f4sobenie na b\u00e1ze rozp\u00fa\u0161\u0165adiel, mechanick\u00e9 p\u00f4sobenie (ultrazvuk, striekanie, ru\u010dn\u00e9 alebo mechanick\u00e9 mie\u0161anie) a ur\u010dit\u00e1 \u00farove\u0148 teploty na zv\u00fd\u0161enie chemickej \u00fa\u010dinnosti. \u010casto nasleduje oplachovanie a su\u0161enie. LZO, ktor\u00e9 sa tradi\u010dne uvo\u013e\u0148uj\u00fa pri tomto type oper\u00e1cie, s\u00fa: halog\u00e9novan\u00e9 LZO (perchl\u00f3retyl\u00e9n, dichl\u00f3rmet\u00e1n, trichl\u00f3retyl\u00e9n), uh\u013eovod\u00edkov\u00e9 LZO a kysl\u00edkat\u00e9 LZO (acet\u00f3n, etanol, izopropanol, glykol\u00e9tery, glykol\u00e9tery, metyl\u00e9terket\u00f3n).    <\/p>\n\n<p><em>Strat\u00e9gia zmier\u0148ovania emisi\u00ed VOC pre stroj\u00e1rsky priemysel<\/em><\/p>\n\n<p>Prchav\u00e9 organick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky sa zachyt\u00e1vaj\u00fa pri zdroji a prioritne sa regeneruj\u00fa filtr\u00e1ciou s akt\u00edvnym uhl\u00edm. K zn\u00ed\u017eeniu emisi\u00ed VOC m\u00f4\u017ee prispie\u0165: <strong>nahradenie rozp\u00fa\u0161\u0165adiel detergentmi<\/strong> (s pr\u00edsadami, ktor\u00e9 emituj\u00fa menej VOC), detergenty obsahuj\u00face povrchovo akt\u00edvne l\u00e1tky a bakt\u00e9rie (biog\u00e9nne emisie VOC), agrorozp\u00fa\u0161\u0165adl\u00e1; tepeln\u00e9 odstra\u0148ovanie; laserov\u00e9 alebo studen\u00e9 plazmov\u00e9 procesy (jadrov\u00fd a leteck\u00fd priemysel), tryskanie \u013eadom alebo such\u00fdm \u013eadom (jednorazov\u00e9 aplik\u00e1cie), odstra\u0148ovanie<strong> CO<\/strong><strong><sub>2<\/sub><\/strong><strong> (<\/strong> v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti sa priemyselne vyu\u017e\u00edva). <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ak\u00e9 prchav\u00e9 organick\u00e9 zl\u00fa\u010deniny sa uvo\u013e\u0148uj\u00fa pri zlievarensk\u00fdch procesoch a ak\u00e9 s\u00fa strat\u00e9gie ich zmier\u0148ovania?<\/h3>\n\n<p>Pri odlievan\u00ed sa roztaven\u00fd kov naleje do formy a vyrob\u00ed sa kovov\u00fd diel. Forma m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 vyroben\u00e1 <strong>procesom odlievania z piesku do zelene <\/strong>(piesok + hlina + uhl\u00edk) alebo chemick\u00fdm procesom tuhnutia (piesok + \u017eivica). Pou\u017eitie chemick\u00fdch spoj\u00edv vedie k produkcii r\u00f4znych prchav\u00fdch organick\u00fdch l\u00e1tok po\u010das mie\u0161ania, formovania a jadrovania, skladovania, odlievania a chladenia. Hlavn\u00e9 VOC emitovan\u00e9 po\u010das priemyseln\u00e9ho procesu s\u00fa: prchav\u00fd organick\u00fd uhl\u00edk, <strong>aromatick\u00e9 uh\u013eovod\u00edkov\u00e9 VOC<\/strong>: benz\u00e9n, etylbenz\u00e9n, tolu\u00e9n, xyl\u00e9n (BTEX), kysl\u00edkat\u00e9 VOC vr\u00e1tane aldehydov (formaldehyd, akrole\u00edn, acetaldehyd), fenol, alkohol, estery.   <\/p>\n\n<p><em>Strat\u00e9gia zmier\u0148ovania emisi\u00ed VOC pre zlievarensk\u00fd priemysel<\/em><\/p>\n\n<p>Prvou strat\u00e9giou je zachyt\u00e1vanie emisi\u00ed pri zdroji pomocou ods\u00e1va\u010dov a ich spracovanie v r\u00f4znych f\u00e1zach procesu. <strong>Na zn\u00ed\u017eenie emisi\u00ed pri zdroji sa pou\u017e\u00edva grafit<\/strong> v procese zelen\u00e9ho piesku, ktor\u00fd zni\u017euje prchav\u00fd uhl\u00edk. Pokia\u013e ide o proces chemick\u00e9ho nastavovania, trendom je pou\u017e\u00edvanie \u017eiv\u00edc s men\u0161\u00edm mno\u017estvom zlo\u017eiek emituj\u00facich prchav\u00e9 organick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky.  <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Prchav\u00e9 organick\u00e9 zl\u00fa\u010deniny (VOC) a z\u00e1pachy m\u00f4\u017eu vznika\u0165 pri r\u00f4znych priemyseln\u00fdch procesoch. Identifik\u00e1cia potenci\u00e1lnych zdrojov emisi\u00ed VOC z t\u00fdchto procesov je nevyhnutn\u00e1 na vypracovanie \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fdch strat\u00e9gi\u00ed na zmiernenie ich vplyvu. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":82093,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"none","_seopress_titles_title":"VOC v priemyseln\u00fdch procesoch. Ak\u00e1 strat\u00e9gia zmier\u0148ovania? ","_seopress_titles_desc":"Prchav\u00e9 organick\u00e9 zl\u00fa\u010deniny (VOC) a z\u00e1pachy m\u00f4\u017eu vznika\u0165 pri r\u00f4znych priemyseln\u00fdch procesoch. Identifik\u00e1cia potenci\u00e1lnych zdrojov emisi\u00ed VOC. ","_seopress_robots_index":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[141],"tags":[142],"class_list":["post-40369","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nasa-rada","tag-entete-male-sk","generate-columns","tablet-grid-50","mobile-grid-100","grid-parent","grid-50","no-featured-image-padding","resize-featured-image"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40369","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=40369"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40369\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":82810,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40369\/revisions\/82810"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/82093"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=40369"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=40369"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=40369"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}