{"id":40889,"date":"2023-12-12T12:13:01","date_gmt":"2023-12-12T10:13:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/non-classifiee\/priemyselne-odprasovacie-technologie\/"},"modified":"2025-04-15T11:09:47","modified_gmt":"2025-04-15T09:09:47","slug":"technologies-depoussierage-industriel","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/sk\/nasa-rada\/technologies-depoussierage-industriel\/","title":{"rendered":"Priemyseln\u00e9 odpra\u0161ovacie technol\u00f3gie"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Existuj\u00fa dva <strong>hlavn\u00e9 typy odpra\u0161ova\u010dov<\/strong>: such\u00e9 a mokr\u00e9. Such\u00fd sp\u00f4sob zah\u0155\u0148a odlu\u010dova\u010de prachu s filtra\u010dnou vrstvou (vreckov\u00e9 filtre, vreck\u00e1, kazety), mechanick\u00e9 (cykl\u00f3ny) a elektrostatick\u00e9 (elektrostatick\u00e9 odlu\u010dova\u010de); mokr\u00fd sp\u00f4sob zah\u0155\u0148a skrubery, Venturiho skrubery, bublinov\u00e9 kol\u00f3ny a mokr\u00e9 elektrostatick\u00e9 odlu\u010dova\u010de. <a href=\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/sk\/nasa-rada\/depoussiereur-fixe-mobile-central-local-quels-criteres\/\">V\u00fdber odlu\u010dova\u010da prachu<\/a> z\u00e1vis\u00ed od<strong> o\u010dak\u00e1van\u00e9ho v\u00fdkonu<\/strong>, rozpo\u010dtov\u00fdch obmedzen\u00ed a priemyseln\u00fdch procesov, ktor\u00e9 sa maj\u00fa odpr\u00e1\u0161i\u0165, najm\u00e4 od ve\u013ekosti emitovan\u00fdch \u010dast\u00edc.  <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Filtra\u010dn\u00e9 vrstvy zbera\u010dov prachu (vreckov\u00e9 filtre, vreck\u00e1, kazety)<\/h2>\n\n<p>Princ\u00edp: pra\u0161n\u00fd vzduch prech\u00e1dza cez por\u00e9zne filtra\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00e9dium, pri\u010dom sa zadr\u017eia v\u0161etky \u010dastice v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie ako p\u00f3rovitos\u0165 m\u00e9dia.  <\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Zariadenie pozost\u00e1va zo skrinky s n\u00e1sypkou na zachyt\u00e1vanie prachu v jej spodnej \u010dasti<\/strong>. Kes\u00f3n obsahuje rady (vertik\u00e1lne alebo horizont\u00e1lne) filtra\u010dn\u00fdch prvkov (vrecia, vreck\u00e1, kazety), cez ktor\u00e9 prech\u00e1dza pr\u00fad pra\u0161n\u00e9ho vzduchu. Na vstupe do pl\u00e9na vzduch najprv naraz\u00ed na deflektor. Ten zotrva\u010dn\u00fdm n\u00e1razom odde\u013euje najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie \u010dastice od pr\u00fadu vzduchu, ktor\u00e9 potom padaj\u00fa do z\u00e1sobn\u00edka.     <\/p>\n\n<p>Zvy\u0161n\u00fd prach sa potom usadzuje na povrchu filtra\u010dn\u00e9ho m\u00e9dia. Pr\u00fad vzduchu vych\u00e1dza z filtra\u010dnej vrstvy tvorenej por\u00e9znymi stenami filtra\u010dn\u00fdch prvkov bez prachu. \u010castice, ktor\u00e9 sa priebe\u017ene usadzuj\u00fa, aglomeruj\u00fa a vytv\u00e1raj\u00fa vrstvu, ktor\u00e1 prispieva k filtr\u00e1cii vzduchu: filtra\u010dn\u00fd kol\u00e1\u010d. Filtra\u010dn\u00fd kol\u00e1\u010d zvy\u0161uje \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165 zachyt\u00e1vania prachu. Na druhej strane v\u0161ak <strong>zvy\u0161uje tlakov\u00fa stratu<\/strong> (zan\u00e1\u0161anie sa meria rozdielom statick\u00e9ho tlaku pred a za filtra\u010dn\u00fdm m\u00e9diom). To si vy\u017eaduje: bu\u010f v\u00fdmenu filtra\u010dn\u00e9ho m\u00e9dia (papier na jedno pou\u017eitie, pls\u0165 at\u010f.), alebo pravideln\u00e9 odstra\u0148ovanie zanesenia (zapnut\u00e9 alebo vypnut\u00e9) na regener\u00e1ciu filtra\u010dn\u00e9ho m\u00e9dia.     <\/p>\n\n<p>Vo v\u0161eobecnosti sa na zabezpe\u010denie kontinuity prev\u00e1dzky \u010distiace oper\u00e1cie vykon\u00e1vaj\u00fa automaticky a postupne na <strong>\u010dasti filtra\u010dn\u00e9ho m\u00e9dia<\/strong>, pri\u010dom druh\u00e1 \u010das\u0165 pokra\u010duje vo filtr\u00e1cii. Naopak, manu\u00e1lne odstra\u0148ovanie upch\u00e1vok si vy\u017eaduje z\u00e1sah na konci procesu alebo dokonca jeho \u00fapln\u00e9 zastavenie. Trvanie zanesenia filtra do dosiahnutia kritick\u00e9ho poklesu tlaku mus\u00ed by\u0165 mo\u017en\u00e9 zos\u00faladi\u0165 s trvan\u00edm procesu.  <\/p>\n\n<p>Hlavn\u00e9 met\u00f3dy \u010distenia filtra\u010dn\u00fdch prvkov s\u00fa :<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong> Mechanick\u00e9 pretrep\u00e1vanie<\/strong>, ktor\u00e9 sp\u00f4sobuje vlnu deform\u00e1cie v tkanine vreciek, ktor\u00e1 sp\u00f4sobuje pokles filtra\u010dn\u00e9ho kol\u00e1\u010da.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Uvo\u013enenie zanesenia obr\u00e1ten\u00fdm pr\u00faden\u00edm vzduchu vo vn\u00fatri p\u00f3rov filtra\u010dn\u00e9ho m\u00e9dia<\/strong>. Vykon\u00e1va sa automaticky po uplynut\u00ed nastaven\u00e9ho limitu poklesu tlaku alebo nastaven\u00e9ho \u010dasu. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Pneumatick\u00e9 \u010distenie vreciek vstrekovan\u00edm stla\u010den\u00e9ho vzduchu <\/strong>(tryskov\u00fd impulz), ktor\u00fd na chv\u00ed\u013eu p\u00f4sob\u00ed proti filtr\u00e1cii a vy\u0165ahuje prach z filtra. Nev\u00fdhodou je op\u00e4tovn\u00e9 vzn\u00e1\u0161anie prachu, ktor\u00e9ho \u010das\u0165 sa usadzuje na susedn\u00fdch m\u00e9di\u00e1ch; preto sa na obmedzenie tohto javu pou\u017e\u00edva skupinov\u00e9 \u010distenie prvkov.   <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p><strong> Vreckov\u00e9 filtre<\/strong> vy\u017eaduj\u00fa n\u00edzku r\u00fdchlos\u0165 filtr\u00e1cie, aby sa zachovala regener\u00e1cia filtra. Po\u010das \u010distiacich oper\u00e1ci\u00ed po\u010das prev\u00e1dzky nesmie by\u0165 vzostupn\u00e1 r\u00fdchlos\u0165 pr\u00fadenia v rozpore s r\u00fdchlos\u0165ou sediment\u00e1cie \u010disten\u00fdch \u010dast\u00edc. R\u00fdchlos\u0165 filtr\u00e1cie sa pohybuje v rozmedz\u00ed od 0,6 do 6 cm\/s v z\u00e1vislosti od prachu a plynu, ktor\u00e9 sa maj\u00fa \u010disti\u0165, a od typu filtra\u010dn\u00e9ho m\u00e9dia. R\u00fdchlos\u0165 filtr\u00e1cie alebo filtra\u010dn\u00e1 r\u00fdchlos\u0165 sa tie\u017e vyjadruje v m3\/h.m\u00b2.   <\/p>\n\n<p>Filtra\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00e9di\u00e1 maj\u00fa r\u00f4zne \u0161trukt\u00fary: tkaniny, pls\u0165, kompozity, membr\u00e1ny a keramika. S\u00fa vyroben\u00e9 zo syntetick\u00fdch (PET, nylon), miner\u00e1lnych (sklo) alebo organick\u00fdch (celul\u00f3za) materi\u00e1lov.<strong> Tieto vl\u00e1kna sa upravuj\u00fa na zlep\u0161enie ur\u010dit\u00fdch vlastnost\u00ed,<\/strong> ako je chemick\u00e1 odolnos\u0165, vodivos\u0165, hydrof\u00f3bnos\u0165, oleof\u00f3bnos\u0165, pri\u013enavos\u0165 a zm\u00e1\u010davos\u0165.    <\/p>\n\n<p>V\u00fdber filtra\u010dn\u00e9ho prvku z\u00e1vis\u00ed od koncentr\u00e1cie prachu v upravovanom toku, charakteru prachu, zlo\u017eenia plynov, po\u017eadovanej \u00fa\u010dinnosti, sp\u00f4sobu \u010distenia, teplotnej odolnosti a ekonomick\u00fdch obmedzen\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>\u00da\u010dinnos\u0165 zachyt\u00e1vania prachu<\/strong> je najni\u017e\u0161ia pre \u010dastice s priemerom od 0,1 do 0,5 \u00b5m (pr\u00edli\u0161 ve\u013ek\u00e9 na zachytenie dif\u00faziou a pr\u00edli\u0161 mal\u00e9 na zachytenie impaktovan\u00edm alebo zachyten\u00edm). Pri ve\u013ekosti 0,1 \u00b5m je \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165 95 %. Nad 0,5 \u00b5m je to viac ako 99 %. V pr\u00edpade potreby je mo\u017en\u00e9 prida\u0165 bezpe\u010dnostn\u00fd filtra\u010dn\u00fd stupe\u0148 HEPA H13 alebo H14, ak s\u00fa koncentr\u00e1cie emisi\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 sa maj\u00fa dosiahnu\u0165, obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 n\u00edzke.   <\/p>\n\n<p>T\u00e1to technika odpr\u00e1\u0161enia dosahuje <strong>vysok\u00fa \u00farove\u0148 separ\u00e1cie<\/strong> a je vhodn\u00e1 pre \u0161irok\u00fd rozsah koncentr\u00e1ci\u00ed emisi\u00ed prachu. Technol\u00f3gia filtra\u010dnej vrstvy je najroz\u0161\u00edrenej\u0161ia v priemysle na odlu\u010dovanie plynu\/pevnej l\u00e1tky, preto\u017ee vreckov\u00e9 alebo kazetov\u00e9 odlu\u010dova\u010de prachu sp\u00e1jaj\u00fa dobr\u00fa \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165 s atrakt\u00edvnymi prev\u00e1dzkov\u00fdmi n\u00e1kladmi. <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Mechanick\u00e9 odlu\u010dova\u010de prachu: cykl\u00f3ny, dekant\u00e9ry<\/h2>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cykl\u00f3ny<\/h3>\n\n<p>Ako to <strong>funguje<\/strong>: pra\u0161n\u00fd vzduch sa ot\u00e1\u010da v cykl\u00f3ne; odstrediv\u00e1 sila tla\u010d\u00ed prach proti stene, kde sa zhlukuje a usadzuje v z\u00e1sobn\u00edku. Vy\u010disten\u00fd vzduch st\u00fapa stredom cykl\u00f3nu k v\u00fdstupu v hornej \u010dasti. <\/p>\n\n<p>Odlu\u010dovanie prachu je o to \u00fa\u010dinnej\u0161ie, \u017ee :<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong> polomer cykl\u00f3nu je mal\u00fd <\/strong>(zvy\u0161uje odstrediv\u00fa silu)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong> koncentr\u00e1cia \u010dast\u00edc je vysok\u00e1<\/strong> (\u010do podporuje ich aglomer\u00e1ciu).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>hustota \u010dast\u00edc je vysok\u00e1<\/strong> (r\u00fdchlej\u0161ia cesta k stene)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>teplota pr\u00fadiaceho vzduchu je n\u00edzka<\/strong> (zni\u017euje viskozitu plynu, zvy\u0161uje cykl\u00f3nov\u00fd efekt)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Vysok\u00fd prietok vzduchu na vstupe do cykl\u00f3nu pom\u00e1ha zachyt\u00e1va\u0165 jemn\u00e9 \u010dastice.<\/p>\n\n<p>Cykl\u00f3ny nesp\u013a\u0148aj\u00fa predpisy o zne\u010disten\u00ed ovzdu\u0161ia. Vo v\u0161eobecnosti sa pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa ako <a href=\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/sk\/produits\/depoussiereurs-industriels\/\">prim\u00e1rne odlu\u010dova\u010de prachu <\/a>alebo predsepar\u00e1tory <strong>hrub\u00fdch \u010dast\u00edc alebo napr\u00edklad trosky<\/strong>. Ich n\u00edzke n\u00e1klady a jednoduchos\u0165 ich predur\u010duj\u00fa na tento \u00fa\u010del. Cykl\u00f3ny sa vyberaj\u00fa na zber \u010dast\u00edc s ve\u013ekos\u0165ou r\u00e1dovo 10 \u03bcm a viac.     <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Karafy<\/h3>\n\n<p>Najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie \u010dastice sa vopred oddelia dekant\u00e1ciou v kryte (expanzn\u00fd box, dekanta\u010dn\u00e1 komora). \u010castice v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie ako 30 \u00b5m sa m\u00f4\u017eu dekantova\u0165 pri r\u00fdchlosti 5 m\/s vzduchu s prachom. <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Mokr\u00e9 odlu\u010dova\u010de prachu: skrubery, Venturiho trubice, bublinkov\u00e9 kol\u00f3ny<\/h2>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"576\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/na-k-576x1024.jpg\" alt=\"na k\" class=\"wp-image-26793\" style=\"width:303px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/na-k-576x1024.jpg 576w, https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/na-k-169x300.jpg 169w, https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/na-k-768x1365.jpg 768w, https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/na-k-864x1536.jpg 864w, https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/na-k-1152x2048.jpg 1152w, https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/na-k-scaled.jpg 1440w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 576px) 100vw, 576px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n<p>Ako to funguje: <strong>pra\u0161n\u00fd vzduch sa dostane do kontaktu s prac\u00edm prostriedkom<\/strong>.  <\/p>\n\n<p>H\u013ead\u00e1me zm\u00e1\u010dac\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinok \u010dastice. Uprednost\u0148ujeme kontakt medzi kvapalinou a prachom:   <\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>alebo kondenz\u00e1ciou pary okolo \u010dastice,  <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>alebo pridan\u00edm povrchovo akt\u00edvnych l\u00e1tok, aby sa prach prilepil na kvapku kvapaliny.  <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p><strong>Odpra\u0161ovan\u00fd vzduch sa od prachovej kvapaliny odde\u013euje<\/strong> odstre\u010fovan\u00edm alebo zotrva\u010dnos\u0165ou. \u010c\u00edm je zmes hustej\u0161ia alebo \u010d\u00edm s\u00fa kvapky men\u0161ie (bez toho, aby boli pr\u00edli\u0161 jemn\u00e9 na oddelenie od vzduchu), t\u00fdm v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ia je separ\u00e1cia prachu.   <\/p>\n\n<p>V \u010disti\u010dke vzduch cirkuluje zdola nahor a rozpra\u0161ova\u010de vystrekuj\u00fa kvapky vody proti pr\u00fadu.<\/p>\n\n<p>Venturiho trubica<strong>zr\u00fdch\u013euje r\u00fdchlos\u0165 vzduchu s <\/strong>prachom, zatia\u013e \u010do konvergentn\u00fd dif\u00fazor zvy\u0161uje n\u00e1raz medzi \u010dasticami a kvapkami spreja. Divergentn\u00e1 d\u00fdza potom r\u00fdchlos\u0165 spoma\u013euje, \u010do umo\u017e\u0148uje zhlukovanie prachu. Nakoniec pr\u00fad vzduchu prech\u00e1dza cez cykl\u00f3nov\u00fd odlu\u010dova\u010d, kde sa prach zachyt\u00e1va odstre\u010fovan\u00edm a zotrva\u010dnos\u0165ou. Pr\u00fad vzduchu bez prachu st\u00fapa <strong>stredom cykl\u00f3nu k centr\u00e1lnemu v\u00fdstupu v hornej \u010dasti<\/strong>.   <\/p>\n\n<p>Skrubery a Venturiho skrubery s\u00fa \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 pre \u010dastice s ve\u013ekos\u0165ou od 0,5 do 1 \u03bcm. \u00da\u010dinnos\u0165 zachyt\u00e1vania pod 0,5 \u03bcm je sprev\u00e1dzan\u00e1 v\u00fdrazn\u00fdm poklesom tlaku, a teda vy\u0161\u0161ou spotrebou energie. Zachyt\u00e1vanie \u010dast\u00edc v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edch ako jeden mikr\u00f3n sa v\u0161ak zvy\u0161uje s koncentr\u00e1ciou prachu.  <\/p>\n\n<p><strong>\u00da\u010dinnos\u0165 zachyt\u00e1vania sa zvy\u0161uje aj s prietokom vody a vzduchu<\/strong>. T\u00fdm sa zn\u00e1sobuje pravdepodobnos\u0165 kontaktu pra\u0161n\u00e9ho vzduchu s vodou. Okrem toho zvy\u0161ovanie t\u00fdchto prietokov vo Venturiho hrdle \u00famerne zvy\u0161uje \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165 Venturiho skruberov. Zber \u010dast\u00edc ovplyv\u0148uje najm\u00e4 r\u00fdchlos\u0165 rozpra\u0161ovania vody.   <\/p>\n\n<p>Do ve\u013ekosti 200 \u00b5m sa pridan\u00edm povrchovo akt\u00edvnej l\u00e1tky a zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00edm v\u00fd\u0161ky kvapky zlep\u0161\u00ed zachyt\u00e1vanie prachu pri kvapk\u00e1ch s ve\u013ekos\u0165ou pribli\u017ene 3 mm. Je to preto, \u017ee povrchovo akt\u00edvna l\u00e1tka zvy\u0161uje <strong>deform\u00e1ciu kvapky<\/strong> po\u010das p\u00e1du, a t\u00fdm aj jej kontaktn\u00fa plochu. <\/p>\n\n<p>Prevod prachu z plynnej f\u00e1zy do kvapalnej f\u00e1zy m\u00f4\u017ee v porovnan\u00ed so such\u00fdm procesom sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 zna\u010dn\u00e9 n\u00e1klady na spracovanie, ako aj spotrebu vody a energie. Skrubery sa pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa na rie\u0161enie bezpe\u010dnostn\u00e9ho probl\u00e9mu spojen\u00e9ho s <strong>v\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00fdm prachom a hor\u013eav\u00fdmi plynmi<\/strong> alebo ke\u010f sa upravovan\u00fd vzduch bl\u00ed\u017ei k nas\u00fdteniu vodou. <\/p>\n\n<p>Pri mokrom procese sa na odstr\u00e1nenie prachu zo vzduchu pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa aj bublinkov\u00e9 kol\u00f3ny. Vzduch sa rovnomerne rozde\u013euje po priereze kol\u00f3ny vo forme jemn\u00fdch bubliniek.<strong> So zvy\u0161uj\u00facou sa v\u00fd\u0161kou kvapaliny<\/strong> sa predl\u017euje aj \u010das, za ktor\u00fd \u0148ou bublina prejde.    <\/p>\n\n<p>Zn\u00ed\u017een\u00edm prietoku vzduchu sa zmen\u0161\u00ed priemer bubl\u00edn a zv\u00fd\u0161i sa \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165 zberu. Okrem toho sa t\u00e1to \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165 zvy\u0161uje s: ve\u013ekos\u0165ou \u010dast\u00edc medzi 1,5 a 20 \u00b5m (stabiln\u00e1 nad touto hodnotou, pod 1 \u00b5m: n\u00edzka \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165), pou\u017eit\u00edm povrchovo akt\u00edvnych l\u00e1tok, ve\u013ekos\u0165ou otvorov na rozvod plynu. Ni\u017e\u0161iu \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165 zberu nanometrick\u00fdch \u010dast\u00edc mo\u017eno zlep\u0161i\u0165 jemnos\u0165ou bubl\u00edn, re\u017eimom bublinkovania a pridan\u00edm obalu na zlep\u0161enie \u010dasu zdr\u017eania bubl\u00edn.    <\/p>\n\n<p>Kon\u0161trukcia a in\u0161tal\u00e1cia bublinkov\u00fdch st\u013apov je pomerne jednoduch\u00e1 a pomerne lacn\u00e1.<strong>\u00da\u010dinnos\u0165 zachyt\u00e1vania<\/strong> je v\u0161ak v porovnan\u00ed s vrecov\u00fdmi filtrami alebo elektrostatick\u00fdmi odlu\u010dova\u010dmi<strong>n\u00edzka<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Elektrostatick\u00e9 odlu\u010dova\u010de, elektrostatick\u00e9 odlu\u010dova\u010de alebo elektrostatick\u00e9 odlu\u010dova\u010de<\/h2>\n\n<p><strong> Princ\u00edp zachyt\u00e1vania prachu<\/strong> spo\u010d\u00edva v elektrickom nabit\u00ed \u010dast\u00edc a ich n\u00e1slednom odklonen\u00ed z dr\u00e1hy pr\u00fadu prachu pomocou elektrostatick\u00fdch interakci\u00ed. Nabit\u00fd prach sa potom nasmeruje k elektr\u00f3de s opa\u010dn\u00fdm elektrick\u00fdm n\u00e1bojom, kde sa aglomeruje.   <\/p>\n\n<p>Toto zariadenie tvoria vysielacie elektr\u00f3dy (\u010dasto dr\u00f4ty) a prij\u00edmacie elektr\u00f3dy (dosky). Na an\u00f3dy sa priv\u00e1dza z\u00e1porn\u00e9 nap\u00e4tie, ktor\u00e9 emituj\u00fa elektr\u00f3ny do svojho okolia. To m\u00e1 za n\u00e1sledok ioniz\u00e1ciu<strong> molek\u00fal plynu, ktor\u00e9 pri\u0165ahovan\u00e9 kat\u00f3dami<\/strong> nar\u00e1\u017eaj\u00fa do prachu, ktor\u00fd im stoj\u00ed v ceste, a elektricky ho nab\u00edjaj\u00fa. Nabit\u00fd prach je n\u00e1sledne pri\u0165ahovan\u00fd k dosk\u00e1m a zhlukuje sa. \u00da\u010dinnos\u0165 filtra sa udr\u017eiava pravideln\u00fdm \u010disten\u00edm dosiek r\u00f4znymi technikami: vibr\u00e1ciou, ot\u013akan\u00edm, um\u00fdvan\u00edm. Prach sa zhroma\u017e\u010fuje v n\u00e1sypke a potom sa ods\u00e1va.     <\/p>\n\n<p>\u00da\u010dinnos\u0165 elektrick\u00e9ho <a href=\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/sk\/produits\/depoussiereurs-industriels\/fixes\/\">pevn\u00e9ho odpra\u0161ova\u010da<\/a> z\u00e1vis\u00ed od :<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>odpor prachu<\/strong> (<sup>106<\/sup> a\u017e<sup>1014<\/sup> \u03a9.cm).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>r\u00fdchlos\u0165 vzduchu<\/strong> (1 a\u017e 4 m\/s)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>fyzik\u00e1lna ch\u00e9mia prachu<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong> geometria elektr\u00f3d<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Pod<sup>106<\/sup> \u03a9.cm prach, ktor\u00fd sa dostane k zbernej elektr\u00f3de, \u013eahko str\u00e1ca svoj elektrick\u00fd n\u00e1boj a m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 zachyten\u00fd pr\u00fadom vzduchu. Pri hodnot\u00e1ch nad<sup>1014<\/sup> \u03a9.cm sa na kat\u00f3de vytv\u00e1ra izola\u010dn\u00e1 vrstva, ktor\u00e1 zni\u017euje \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165 filtra.<\/p>\n\n<p>Prechod vzduchu cez elektrostatick\u00fd odlu\u010dova\u010d m\u00e1 za n\u00e1sledok n\u00edzky pokles tlaku (50-100 Pa). Na zv\u00fd\u0161enie \u00fa\u010dinnosti elektrostatick\u00e9ho odlu\u010dova\u010da mo\u017eno v z\u00e1vislosti od priebehu procesu odstra\u0148ovania prachu umiestni\u0165 do s\u00e9rie nieko\u013eko elektrick\u00fdch zbern\u00fdch pol\u00ed (2 a\u017e 6). To je <strong>optim\u00e1lne pre \u010dastice v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie ako 100 nm.<\/strong> Ke\u010f s\u00fa v\u0161ak \u010dastice men\u0161ie ako 16 nm, je \u00fa\u010dinnej\u0161\u00edch nieko\u013eko elektrostatick\u00fdch odlu\u010dova\u010dov s jedn\u00fdm po\u013eom. A pri ve\u013ekosti \u010dast\u00edc 0,2 \u00b5m je minim\u00e1lna \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165 zachyt\u00e1vania.   <\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Emitorov\u00e9 elektr\u00f3dy s mal\u00fdm priemerom<\/strong> a zbern\u00e9 elektr\u00f3dy s ve\u013ekou plochou zvy\u0161uj\u00fa \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165 zachyt\u00e1vania prachu.  <\/p>\n\n<p>Nespr\u00e1vne nastavenie nap\u00e4tia m\u00f4\u017ee vies\u0165 k poruche elektr\u00f3dy, a t\u00fdm k riziku v\u00fdbuchu. Toto riziko rie\u0161i mokr\u00fd elektrostatick\u00fd odlu\u010dova\u010d. Princ\u00edp \u010dinnosti je toto\u017en\u00fd s princ\u00edpom \u010dinnosti such\u00e9ho elektrostatick\u00e9ho odlu\u010dova\u010da. Rozdiel spo\u010d\u00edva v pr\u00edtomnosti mokr\u00e9ho filmu na zbern\u00fdch elektr\u00f3dach, ktor\u00fd je nap\u00e1jan\u00fd syst\u00e9mom kvapkovej z\u00e1vlahy. Zachyt\u00e1vanie    <\/p>\n\n<p><strong> Objem elektrostatick\u00e9ho odlu\u010dova\u010da je v\u00fdznamn\u00fd,<\/strong> rovnako ako invest\u00edcia, ktor\u00fa predstavuje. Spotreba elektrickej energie a potreba kvalifikovan\u00e9ho person\u00e1lu sp\u00f4sobuj\u00fa, \u017ee n\u00e1klady na jeho prev\u00e1dzku s\u00fa vysok\u00e9. Elektrostatick\u00e9 odlu\u010dova\u010de sa odpor\u00fa\u010daj\u00fa pre ve\u013ek\u00e9 prietoky plynu (80 000<sup>m3\/h<\/sup>). Pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa sa najm\u00e4 v \u0165a\u017ekom priemysle, ako je oceliarsky priemysel, spa\u013eovne odpadov, cement\u00e1rne a energetick\u00e9 v\u00fdrobn\u00e9 jednotky.   <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Z\u00e1ver<\/h2>\n\n<p><strong>Odstra\u0148ovanie prachu<\/strong> zah\u0155\u0148a nieko\u013eko efektov na oddelenie \u010dast\u00edc z pr\u00fadu vzduchu: usadzovanie, impaktovanie, odstre\u010fovanie, zm\u00e1\u010danie, filtr\u00e1ciu a elektrostatick\u00fa pr\u00ed\u0165a\u017elivos\u0165. Odpra\u0161ova\u010de \u010dasto kombinuj\u00fa nieko\u013eko z t\u00fdchto \u00fa\u010dinkov, aby sa dosiahla po\u017eadovan\u00e1 \u00farove\u0148 odstr\u00e1nenia prachu. V z\u00e1vislosti od <strong>priemyseln\u00e9ho kontextu<\/strong> vstupuj\u00fa do hry aj \u010fal\u0161ie krit\u00e9ri\u00e1, <strong>ako napr\u00edklad mobilita, umiestnenie lapa\u010da prachu<\/strong> at\u010f.    <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Existuj\u00fa dva hlavn\u00e9 typy odpra\u0161ova\u010dov: such\u00e9 a mokr\u00e9. Such\u00fd sp\u00f4sob zah\u0155\u0148a odlu\u010dova\u010de prachu s filtra\u010dnou vrstvou (vreckov\u00e9 filtre, vreck\u00e1, kazety), mechanick\u00e9 (cykl\u00f3ny) a elektrostatick\u00e9 (elektrostatick\u00e9 odlu\u010dova\u010de); mokr\u00fd sp\u00f4sob zah\u0155\u0148a skrubery, Venturiho skrubery, bublinov\u00e9 kol\u00f3ny a mokr\u00e9 elektrostatick\u00e9 odlu\u010dova\u010de. V\u00fdber technol\u00f3gie z\u00e1vis\u00ed od o\u010dak\u00e1van\u00e9ho v\u00fdkonu, rozpo\u010dtov\u00fdch obmedzen\u00ed a priemyseln\u00fdch procesov, ktor\u00e9 sa maj\u00fa odpr\u00e1\u0161i\u0165, najm\u00e4 od ve\u013ekosti emitovan\u00fdch \u010dast\u00edc.  <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":81764,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"none","_seopress_titles_title":"Priemyseln\u00e9 odpra\u0161ovacie technol\u00f3gie","_seopress_titles_desc":"V\u00fdber technol\u00f3gie z\u00e1vis\u00ed od o\u010dak\u00e1van\u00e9ho v\u00fdkonu, rozpo\u010dtov\u00fdch obmedzen\u00ed a priemyseln\u00fdch procesov, ktor\u00e9 sa maj\u00fa odpr\u00e1\u0161i\u0165, najm\u00e4 od ve\u013ekosti emitovan\u00fdch \u010dast\u00edc.","_seopress_robots_index":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[141],"tags":[142],"class_list":["post-40889","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nasa-rada","tag-entete-male-sk","generate-columns","tablet-grid-50","mobile-grid-100","grid-parent","grid-50","no-featured-image-padding","resize-featured-image"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40889","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=40889"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40889\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":82307,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40889\/revisions\/82307"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/81764"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=40889"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=40889"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=40889"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}