{"id":44945,"date":"2020-11-20T16:32:55","date_gmt":"2020-11-20T14:32:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/non-classifiee\/znecistenie-ovzdusia-rizikove-faktory\/"},"modified":"2025-05-07T11:02:29","modified_gmt":"2025-05-07T09:02:29","slug":"facteurs-de-risque","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/sk\/nasa-rada\/facteurs-de-risque\/","title":{"rendered":"Zne\u010distenie ovzdu\u0161ia: rizikov\u00e9 faktory"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Okrem toho, \u017ee zne\u010distenie ovzdu\u0161ia m\u00e1 ve\u013emi siln\u00fd ekologick\u00fd vplyv, o ktorom \u010dasto po\u010d\u00favame v m\u00e9di\u00e1ch, je ve\u013emi \u0161kodliv\u00e9 aj pre na\u0161e zdravie.Pod\u013ea \u0161t\u00fadie, ktor\u00fa uskuto\u010dnil Dr. Rob Beelen (Univerzita v Utrechte, Holandsko) a ktor\u00e1 bola uverejnen\u00e1 v lek\u00e1rskom \u010dasopise The Lancet v roku 2013, zv\u00fd\u0161enie koncentr\u00e1cie PM2,5 o 5 mikrogramov na meter kubick\u00fd zvy\u0161uje \u00famrtnos\u0165 o 7 %.<\/p>\n\n

Priemer zne\u010dis\u0165uj\u00facich l\u00e1tok<\/h2>\n\n

Vy\u0161\u0161ie uveden\u00e1 tabu\u013eka uv\u00e1dza priemern\u00fa ve\u013ekos\u0165 r\u00f4znych zne\u010dis\u0165uj\u00facich l\u00e1tok. \u010c\u00edm s\u00fa \u010dastice hrub\u0161ie, t\u00fdm viac sa im telo dok\u00e1\u017ee br\u00e1ni\u0165; naopak, \u010d\u00edm s\u00fa \u010dastice jemnej\u0161ie, t\u00fdm v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie je riziko. <\/p>\n\n

Existuj\u00fa dva typy \u010dast\u00edc. \u010castice s priemerom v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edm ako 10 \u00b5m, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa vidite\u013en\u00e9 vo\u013en\u00fdm okom, najm\u00e4 po\u010das slne\u010dn\u00fdch dn\u00ed, a \u010dastice men\u0161ie ako PM 10, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa okom nevidite\u013en\u00e9. Tieto \u010dastice tvoria v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inu prachu a s\u00fa aj najnebezpe\u010dnej\u0161ie. Navy\u0161e, ke\u010f\u017ee ich hmotnos\u0165 je ve\u013emi n\u00edzka, podliehaj\u00fa vzdu\u0161n\u00fdm pr\u00fadom a ve\u013emi \u013eahko sa rozpty\u013euj\u00fa. Do tejto kateg\u00f3rie patria v\u0161etky aeros\u00f3ly. <\/p>\n\n

\"4<\/figure>\n\n

Granulometria prachu a jej \u00fa\u010dinky<\/h2>\n\n

Vy\u0161\u0161ie uveden\u00fd diagram zn\u00e1zor\u0148uje \u00farove\u0148 prenikania \u010dast\u00edc do tela v z\u00e1vislosti od ich priemeru. \u010c\u00edm s\u00fa jemnej\u0161ie, t\u00fdm hlb\u0161ie sa usadia v tele a t\u00fdm \u0165a\u017e\u0161ie sa vylu\u010duj\u00fa. <\/p>\n\n

Telo m\u00f4\u017ee prirodzene vyka\u0161liava\u0165 prach v\u010faka p\u013e\u00facnym riasink\u00e1m. Tie posun\u00fa \u010dastice \u010falej do tr\u00e1viaceho traktu a vyl\u00fa\u010dia ich prostredn\u00edctvom tr\u00e1venia. Niektor\u00e9 skupiny obyvate\u013estva s\u00fa v\u0161ak zranite\u013enej\u0161ie. Napr\u00edklad faj\u010diari maj\u00fa podstatne menej p\u013e\u00facnych riasiniek, tak\u017ee im vylu\u010dovanie \u010dast\u00edc trv\u00e1 dlh\u0161ie. Astmatici s\u00fa citlivej\u0161\u00ed na zne\u010distenie ovzdu\u0161ia… <\/p>\n\n

Jedn\u00fdm z najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161\u00edch faktorov toxicity \u010dast\u00edc je biologick\u00e1 perzistencia: \u010das, za ktor\u00fd telo prach vyl\u00fa\u010di.<\/p>\n\n

\u010eal\u0161\u00edm faktorom je PM 1. Tieto \u010dastice s\u00fa tak\u00e9 jemn\u00e9, \u017ee prech\u00e1dzaj\u00fa cez p\u013e\u00facne alveoly a migruj\u00fa priamo do krvn\u00e9ho obehu. Ide najm\u00e4 o cigaretov\u00fd dym, v\u00edrusy, pestic\u00eddy at\u010f. <\/p>\n\n

\"4<\/figure>\n\n

\u010cas sediment\u00e1cie<\/h2>\n\n

V\u0161etky \u010dastice sa vyzr\u00e1\u017eaj\u00fa. V pr\u00edpade ve\u013emi jemn\u00fdch \u010dast\u00edc v\u0161ak m\u00f4\u017ee trva\u0165 nieko\u013eko dn\u00ed, k\u00fdm sa usadia na zemi. <\/p>\n\n

O r\u00fdchlosti usadzovania prachu rozhoduje jeho hmotnos\u0165 a hustota. \u010c\u00edm ni\u017e\u0161ia je hmotnos\u0165, t\u00fdm dlh\u0161ie trv\u00e1, k\u00fdm sa usad\u00ed, a t\u00fdm citlivej\u0161\u00ed je na pr\u00fadenie vzduchu. <\/p>\n\n

Ak by sme teda teoreticky chceli po\u010dka\u0165, k\u00fdm sa usad\u00ed v\u0161etok prach, museli by sme na 15 dn\u00ed \u00faplne zastavi\u0165 pr\u00e1cu. Ke\u010f\u017ee sa tak takmer nikdy nestane, najjemnej\u0161ie \u010dastice v\u017edy zost\u00e1vaj\u00fa v suspenzii a koncentruj\u00fa sa. <\/p>\n\n

\"4<\/figure>\n\n

Pre\u010d\u00edtajte si n\u00e1\u0161 \u0161pecializovan\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nok o prachu a rozp\u00fa\u0161\u0165adl\u00e1ch v priemysle<\/a>, ako aj kompletn\u00e9ho sprievodcu priemyselnou \u00fapravou vzduchu<\/a>. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Zne\u010distenie ovzdu\u0161ia je ve\u013emi \u0161kodliv\u00e9 pre na\u0161e zdravie. Pod\u013ea \u0161t\u00fadie, ktor\u00fa vykonal Dr. Rob Beelen v Holandsku v roku 2013, zv\u00fd\u0161enie koncentr\u00e1cie PM2,5 o 5 mikrogramov na meter kubick\u00fd zvy\u0161uje \u00famrtnos\u0165 o 7 %. Zistite viac o rizikov\u00fdch faktoroch spojen\u00fdch so zne\u010disten\u00edm. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":99248,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"none","_seopress_titles_title":"Zne\u010distenie ovzdu\u0161ia: rizikov\u00e9 faktory pre zdravie","_seopress_titles_desc":"Okrem toho, \u017ee zne\u010distenie ovzdu\u0161ia m\u00e1 ve\u013emi siln\u00fd ekologick\u00fd vplyv, o ktorom \u010dasto po\u010d\u00favame v m\u00e9di\u00e1ch, je ve\u013emi \u0161kodliv\u00e9 aj pre na\u0161e zdravie.","_seopress_robots_index":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[141],"tags":[142],"class_list":["post-44945","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nasa-rada","tag-entete-male-sk","generate-columns","tablet-grid-50","mobile-grid-100","grid-parent","grid-50","no-featured-image-padding","resize-featured-image"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/44945","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=44945"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/44945\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":99601,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/44945\/revisions\/99601"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/99248"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=44945"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=44945"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=44945"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}