{"id":45599,"date":"2020-05-01T17:33:58","date_gmt":"2020-05-01T15:33:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/non-classifiee\/rizika-spojene-s-expoziciou-prachu-oxidu-hliniteho\/"},"modified":"2025-05-07T10:03:10","modified_gmt":"2025-05-07T08:03:10","slug":"aspiration-de-poussiere-doxyde-daluminium","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/sk\/nasa-rada\/aspiration-de-poussiere-doxyde-daluminium\/","title":{"rendered":"Rizik\u00e1 spojen\u00e9 s expoz\u00edciou prachu oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Spolo\u010dnos\u0165 OberA pr\u00e1ve dodala odlu\u010dova\u010d prachu DUSTOMAT 16M jednej eur\u00f3pskej spolo\u010dnosti, subdod\u00e1vate\u013eovi v oblasti leteck\u00e9ho priemyslu, ktor\u00fd sa \u0161pecializuje na aplik\u00e1ciu kompozitn\u00fdch materi\u00e1lov, na boj proti rizik\u00e1m spojen\u00fdm s vystaven\u00edm prachu oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho.<\/p>\n\n

Nebezpe\u010denstvo prachu oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho<\/h2>\n\n

Pr\u00edtomnos\u0165 prachu oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho v leteckom<\/strong> priemysle m\u00f4\u017ee predstavova\u0165 zdravotn\u00e9 riziko, najm\u00e4 pri vdychovan\u00ed t\u00fdchto \u010dast\u00edc, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 d\u00fdchacie probl\u00e9my, ako je podr\u00e1\u017edenie d\u00fdchac\u00edch ciest, ka\u0161e\u013e, d\u00fdchacie \u0165a\u017ekosti a p\u013e\u00facne ochorenia. Tieto \u010dastice m\u00f4\u017eu u niektor\u00fdch citliv\u00fdch os\u00f4b sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 aj podr\u00e1\u017edenie poko\u017eky<\/strong> a alergie. <\/p>\n\n

Z environment\u00e1lneho h\u013eadiska, ke\u010f sa prach oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho uvo\u013e\u0148uje do \u017eivotn\u00e9ho prostredia bez primeranej kontroly, m\u00f4\u017ee sa dosta\u0165 do ovzdu\u0161ia a usadi\u0165 sa na okolitej<\/strong> p\u00f4de a veget\u00e1cii<\/strong>. To m\u00f4\u017ee ma\u0165 negat\u00edvny vplyv na miestny ekosyst\u00e9m a vies\u0165 k zne\u010disteniu \u017eivotn\u00e9ho prostredia. Preto je nevyhnutn\u00e9 zavies\u0165 vhodn\u00e9 kontroln\u00e9 opatrenia. <\/p>\n\n

Posledn\u00e9 riziko sa t\u00fdka v\u00fdrobn\u00fdch strojov a zariaden\u00ed.Hromadenie prachu oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho<\/strong> na povrchu strojov a zariaden\u00ed m\u00f4\u017ee vies\u0165 k prev\u00e1dzkov\u00fdm a v\u00fdkonnostn\u00fdm probl\u00e9mom. Prachov\u00e9 \u010dastice m\u00f4\u017eu upcha\u0165 filtre, vzduchov\u00e9 kan\u00e1ly <\/strong>a citliv\u00e9 komponenty, ako s\u00fa elektronick\u00e9 obvody, \u010do m\u00f4\u017ee zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165 zariadenia a vies\u0165 k poruch\u00e1m. <\/p>\n\n

Ako m\u00f4\u017eete zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 rizik\u00e1?<\/h2>\n\n

Na minimaliz\u00e1ciu t\u00fdchto riz\u00edk je nevyhnutn\u00e9 zavies\u0165 opatrenia na kontrolu ods\u00e1vania prachu oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho<\/strong>. \u0160pecializovan\u00e9 priemyseln\u00e9 ods\u00e1vacie syst\u00e9my s\u00fa navrhnut\u00e9 tak, aby \u00fa\u010dinne zachyt\u00e1vali prachov\u00e9 \u010dastice a smerovali ich do vhodn\u00fdch filtra\u010dn\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed. Tieto syst\u00e9my pom\u00e1haj\u00fa udr\u017eiava\u0165 \u010dist\u00e9 a bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 pracovn\u00e9 prostredie, zni\u017euj\u00fa rizik\u00e1 pre zdravie pracovn\u00edkov, vplyv na \u017eivotn\u00e9 prostredie a potenci\u00e1lne probl\u00e9my so strojmi. <\/p>\n\n

Je tie\u017e d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9, aby si zamestnanci uvedomili rizik\u00e1 spojen\u00e9 s prachom oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho<\/strong> a aby absolvovali pr\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 \u0161kolenie o spr\u00e1vnych zdravotn\u00fdch a bezpe\u010dnostn\u00fdch postupoch.<\/p>\n\n

Leteck\u00e9 normy a predpisy<\/h2>\n\n

V leteckom priemysle platia osobitn\u00e9 normy a predpisy t\u00fdkaj\u00face sa prachu a kvality ovzdu\u0161ia<\/strong>, aby sa zabezpe\u010dili bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 a zdrav\u00e9 pracovn\u00e9 podmienky pre zamestnancov. Tu je preh\u013ead hlavn\u00fdch pr\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdch noriem a predpisov: <\/p>\n\n

    \n
  1. ISO 14644<\/strong>: T\u00e1to medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e1 norma sa nezaober\u00e1 konkr\u00e9tne prachom oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho alebo in\u00fdmi \u0161pecifick\u00fdmi druhmi prachu. Stanovuje v\u0161ak krit\u00e9ri\u00e1 klasifik\u00e1cie \u010dist\u00fdch priestorov<\/strong> a kontrolovan\u00fdch prostred\u00ed pod\u013ea koncentr\u00e1cie \u010dast\u00edc vo vzduchu. Tieto krit\u00e9ri\u00e1 mo\u017eno pou\u017ei\u0165 na hodnotenie a kontrolu pr\u00edtomnosti prachu, ako je oxid hlinit\u00fd, v prostred\u00ed leteckej techniky. <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n

    Norma ISO 14644 stanovuje triedy \u010distoty vzduchu od ISO 1 po ISO 9 na z\u00e1klade maxim\u00e1lneho po\u010dtu \u010dast\u00edc r\u00f4znych ve\u013ekost\u00ed povolen\u00fdch na meter kubick\u00fd vzduchu. Tieto triedy definuj\u00fa pr\u00edpustn\u00e9 limity prachu<\/strong> pre ka\u017ed\u00fa kateg\u00f3riu. ISO 1 je naj\u010distej\u0161ia trieda s najpr\u00edsnej\u0161\u00edmi limitmi pra\u0161nosti. <\/p>\n\n

    Na \u0161peci\u00e1lnu kontrolu prachu oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho sa odpor\u00fa\u010da pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 \u0161pecializovan\u00e9 priemyseln\u00e9 ods\u00e1vacie syst\u00e9my, ako s\u00fa vy\u0161\u0161ie uveden\u00e9 priemyseln\u00e9 zbera\u010de prachu<\/strong>, zachyt\u00e1vacie ramen\u00e1 a zariadenia, ods\u00e1vacie stoly, priemyseln\u00e9 vys\u00e1va\u010de, filtre a priemyseln\u00e9 ods\u00e1vacie potrubia. Tieto zariadenia mo\u017eno integrova\u0165 do \u010dist\u00fdch priestorov a pracovn\u00fdch prostred\u00ed na \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 zachyt\u00e1vanie a odstra\u0148ovanie prachu oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho v s\u00falade s po\u017eiadavkami normy ISO 14644. <\/p>\n\n

      \n
    1. Cie\u013eom eur\u00f3pskej smernice 2004\/37\/ES<\/strong>, zn\u00e1mej aj akosmernica CMR<\/strong>(karcinog\u00e9nne, mutag\u00e9nne a toxick\u00e9 pre reprodukciu), je chr\u00e1ni\u0165 pracovn\u00edkov pred rizikami spojen\u00fdmi svystaven\u00edm nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdm l\u00e1tkam<\/a> vr\u00e1tane l\u00e1tok, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa karcinog\u00e9nne, mutag\u00e9nne alebo toxick\u00e9 pre reprodukciu. Hoci sa t\u00e1to smernica net\u00fdka konkr\u00e9tne oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho, vz\u0165ahuje sa na r\u00f4zne nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 l\u00e1tky pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 v leteckom priemysle vr\u00e1tane prachu potenci\u00e1lne vznikaj\u00faceho z oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho. <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n

      Tu s\u00fa uveden\u00e9 hlavn\u00e9 prvky eur\u00f3pskej smernice 2004\/37\/ES t\u00fdkaj\u00face sa oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho v leteckom priemysle:<\/p>\n\n

      Klasifik\u00e1cia nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdch l\u00e1tok:<\/strong> V smernici sa stanovuj\u00fa krit\u00e9ri\u00e1 klasifik\u00e1cie a ozna\u010dovania nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdch l\u00e1tok vr\u00e1tane l\u00e1tok, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa karcinog\u00e9nne, mutag\u00e9nne alebo toxick\u00e9 pre reprodukciu. Oxid hlinit\u00fd, ak sa za ur\u010dit\u00fdch podmienok pova\u017euje za nebezpe\u010dn\u00fa l\u00e1tku, mo\u017eno klasifikova\u0165 pod\u013ea jeho chemick\u00fdch vlastnost\u00ed<\/strong> a \u00fa\u010dinkov na zdravie. <\/p>\n\n

      Hodnotenie riz\u00edk a prevent\u00edvne opatrenia <\/strong>: Smernica vy\u017eaduje, aby zamestn\u00e1vatelia pos\u00fadili rizik\u00e1 spojen\u00e9 s vystaven\u00edm pracovn\u00edkov nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdm l\u00e1tkam vr\u00e1tane prachu oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho. Toto hodnotenie mus\u00ed zoh\u013ead\u0148ova\u0165 sp\u00f4soby expoz\u00edcie (vd\u00fdchnutie, kontakt s poko\u017ekou at\u010f.) a mno\u017estv\u00e1 l\u00e1tok pr\u00edtomn\u00fdch v pracovnom prostred\u00ed. Na z\u00e1klade tohto pos\u00fadenia sa musia zavies\u0165 vhodn\u00e9 prevent\u00edvne opatrenia na<\/strong> zn\u00ed\u017eenie alebo odstr\u00e1nenie riz\u00edk. <\/p>\n\n

      Expozi\u010dn\u00e9 limity pri pr\u00e1ci <\/strong>: Smernica stanovuje expozi\u010dn\u00e9 limity pri pr\u00e1ci (OEL) pre ur\u010dit\u00e9 nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 l\u00e1tky. Tieto OEL definuj\u00fa maxim\u00e1lne povolen\u00e9 koncentr\u00e1cie l\u00e1tok vo vdychovanom vzduchu na pracovisku. Hoci smernica nestanovuje konkr\u00e9tne OEL pre oxid hlinit\u00fd, zamestn\u00e1vatelia musia zoh\u013eadni\u0165 vedeck\u00e9 odpor\u00fa\u010dania a dostupn\u00e9 vn\u00fatro\u0161t\u00e1tne alebo medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e9 limitn\u00e9 hodnoty, aby zabezpe\u010dili, \u017eevystavenie pracovn\u00edkov oxidu hlinit\u00e9mu<\/strong> zostane pod nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdmi \u00farov\u0148ami. <\/p>\n\n

      Povinnosti zamestn\u00e1vate\u013eov <\/strong>: Smernica vy\u017eaduje, aby zamestn\u00e1vatelia prijali vhodn\u00e9 ochrann\u00e9 opatrenia na zabr\u00e1nenie alebo zn\u00ed\u017eenieexpoz\u00edcie pracovn\u00edkov<\/a> nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdm l\u00e1tkam vr\u00e1tane oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho. To m\u00f4\u017ee zah\u0155\u0148a\u0165 zavedenie technick\u00fdch opatren\u00ed, ako je pou\u017e\u00edvanie priemyseln\u00fdch ods\u00e1vac\u00edch syst\u00e9mov na zachyt\u00e1vanie prachu oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho<\/strong>, ako aj poskytovanie vhodn\u00fdch osobn\u00fdch ochrann\u00fdch prostriedkov (OOP) a vykon\u00e1vanie \u0161kolen\u00ed a informa\u010dn\u00fdch opatren\u00ed pre pracovn\u00edkov. <\/p>\n\n

      Je potrebn\u00e9 poznamena\u0165, \u017ee predpisy a konkr\u00e9tne limitn\u00e9 hodnoty<\/strong> sa m\u00f4\u017eu v jednotliv\u00fdch krajin\u00e1ch Eur\u00f3pskej \u00fanie l\u00ed\u0161i\u0165. Zamestn\u00e1vatelia preto musia dodr\u017eiava\u0165 vn\u00fatro\u0161t\u00e1tne predpisy a uplat\u0148ova\u0165 potrebn\u00e9 opatrenia. <\/p>\n\n

      Met\u00f3dy zachyt\u00e1vania prachu oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho<\/h2>\n\n

      Na efekt\u00edvne riadenie prachu oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho a in\u00fdch \u010dast\u00edc v leteckom<\/strong> priemysle sa odpor\u00fa\u010daj\u00fa r\u00f4zne typy ods\u00e1vac\u00edch syst\u00e9mov. Tieto syst\u00e9my s\u00fa navrhnut\u00e9 tak, aby zachyt\u00e1vali, filtrovali a odstra\u0148ovali \u010dastice pren\u00e1\u0161an\u00e9 vzduchom, \u010d\u00edm zabezpe\u010duj\u00fa \u010distej\u0161ie a bezpe\u010dnej\u0161ie pracovn\u00e9 prostredie. Tu s\u00fa niektor\u00e9 z be\u017ene pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch typov ods\u00e1vac\u00edch syst\u00e9mov <\/strong>: <\/p>\n\n

      Priemyseln\u00e9 odlu\u010dova\u010de prachu :<\/strong> Priemyseln\u00e9 odlu\u010dova\u010de prachu, zn\u00e1me aj ako lapa\u010de prachu, s\u00fa zariadenia pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 na zachyt\u00e1vanie \u010dast\u00edc pren\u00e1\u0161an\u00fdch vzduchom. Na zachyt\u00e1vanie \u010dast\u00edc pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa filtre, ktor\u00e9 pom\u00e1haj\u00fa udr\u017eiava\u0165 \u010dist\u00e9 pracovn\u00e9 prostredie<\/strong>. V z\u00e1vislosti od konkr\u00e9tnych potrieb aplik\u00e1cie sa m\u00f4\u017eu pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 r\u00f4zne typy filtrov, napr\u00edklad vreckov\u00e9 filtre, kazetov\u00e9 filtre alebo elektrostatick\u00e9 filtre. <\/p>\n\n

      Ods\u00e1vacie ramen\u00e1 a zariadenia:<\/strong> Ods\u00e1vacie ramen\u00e1 a zariadenia s\u00fa flexibiln\u00e9, nastavite\u013en\u00e9 \u010dasti zariadenia, ktor\u00e9 sa pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa na ods\u00e1vanie \u010dast\u00edc priamo pri zdroji. M\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 vybaven\u00e9 sn\u00edma\u010dmi ods\u00e1vania na \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 zachyt\u00e1vanie \u010dast\u00edc vznikaj\u00facich pri br\u00fasen\u00ed<\/strong>, br\u00fasen\u00ed alebo rezan\u00ed. Tieto ramen\u00e1 a zbern\u00e9 zariadenia umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00fa presn\u00e9 zacielenie a riadenie ods\u00e1vania \u010dast\u00edc oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho. <\/p>\n\n

      V\u00e1kuov\u00e9 stoly :<\/strong> Ods\u00e1vacie stoly s\u00fa pracovn\u00e9 plochy vybaven\u00e9 integrovan\u00fdm ods\u00e1vac\u00edm syst\u00e9mom. Zachyt\u00e1vaj\u00fa \u010dastice priamo na pracovnej ploche, \u010d\u00edm zabezpe\u010duj\u00fa \u010dist\u00e9 pracovn\u00e9 prostredie a zni\u017euj\u00fa riziko vystavenia oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho<\/strong>. V\u00e1kuov\u00e9 stoly sa m\u00f4\u017eu pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 v r\u00f4znych aplik\u00e1ci\u00e1ch, napr\u00edklad pri br\u00fasen\u00ed, le\u0161ten\u00ed alebo v\u0155tan\u00ed. <\/p>\n\n

      Priemyseln\u00e9 vys\u00e1va\u010de :<\/strong> Priemyseln\u00e9 vys\u00e1va\u010de s\u00fa ur\u010den\u00e9 na vys\u00e1vanie ve\u013ek\u00fdch \u010dast\u00edc a ne\u010dist\u00f4t v priemyselnom pracovnom prostred\u00ed. S\u00fa vybaven\u00e9 \u0161pecializovan\u00fdmi filtrami, ktor\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinne zachyt\u00e1vaj\u00fa jemn\u00e9 \u010dastice vr\u00e1tane oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho. Priemyseln\u00e9 vys\u00e1va\u010de sa m\u00f4\u017eu pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 na \u010distenie povrchov, zariaden\u00ed a pracovn\u00fdch priestorov<\/strong>, \u010d\u00edm pom\u00e1haj\u00fa udr\u017eiava\u0165 vysok\u00fa \u00farove\u0148 \u010distoty. <\/p>\n\n

      Priemyseln\u00e9 sacie filtre a potrubia<\/strong>: Priemyseln\u00e9 sacie filtre a potrubia s\u00fa z\u00e1kladn\u00fdmi s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ami sac\u00edch syst\u00e9mov. Filtre zohr\u00e1vaj\u00fa k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fa \u00falohu pri zachyt\u00e1van\u00ed a zadr\u017eiavan\u00ed \u010dast\u00edc<\/strong>, zatia\u013e \u010do potrubie sa pou\u017e\u00edva na prepravu nasat\u00fdch \u010dast\u00edc do zbern\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed alebo odpra\u0161ova\u010dov. Na zabezpe\u010denie optim\u00e1lnej \u00fa\u010dinnosti ods\u00e1vania je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 vysokokvalitn\u00e9 filtre a spr\u00e1vne dimenzovan\u00e9 potrubia. <\/p>\n\n

      Je nevyhnutn\u00e9 vybra\u0165 spr\u00e1vny typ ods\u00e1vacieho syst\u00e9mu v z\u00e1vislosti od \u0161pecifick\u00fdch potrieb<\/strong> aplik\u00e1cie a vlastnost\u00ed prachu oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Spolo\u010dnos\u0165 OberA pr\u00e1ve dodala odlu\u010dova\u010d prachu DUSTOMAT 16M eur\u00f3pskej spolo\u010dnosti, priemyseln\u00e9mu subdod\u00e1vate\u013eovi v leteckom priemysle, ktor\u00fd sa \u0161pecializuje na aplik\u00e1ciu kompozitn\u00fdch materi\u00e1lov, na boj proti rizik\u00e1m spojen\u00fdm s vystaven\u00edm prachu oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":98789,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"none","_seopress_titles_title":"Rizik\u00e1 spojen\u00e9 s expoz\u00edciou prachu oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho","_seopress_titles_desc":"Spolo\u010dnos\u0165 OberA pr\u00e1ve dodala eur\u00f3pskej spolo\u010dnosti odlu\u010dova\u010d prachu DUSTOMAT 16M na boj proti rizik\u00e1m spojen\u00fdm s vystaven\u00edm prachu oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho.","_seopress_robots_index":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[141],"tags":[142],"class_list":["post-45599","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nasa-rada","tag-entete-male-sk","generate-columns","tablet-grid-50","mobile-grid-100","grid-parent","grid-50","no-featured-image-padding","resize-featured-image"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/45599","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=45599"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/45599\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":99016,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/45599\/revisions\/99016"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/98789"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=45599"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=45599"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=45599"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}