{"id":46565,"date":"2020-05-01T17:32:40","date_gmt":"2020-05-01T15:32:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/non-classifiee\/pripadova-studia-odsavanie-zvaracskych-dymov\/"},"modified":"2025-06-27T15:22:04","modified_gmt":"2025-06-27T13:22:04","slug":"aspiration-de-fumees-de-soudages","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/sk\/nasa-rada\/aspiration-de-fumees-de-soudages\/","title":{"rendered":"Pr\u00edpadov\u00e1 \u0161t\u00fadia: Ods\u00e1vanie zv\u00e1ra\u010dsk\u00e9ho dymu"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Spolo\u010dnos\u0165 OberA dodala v\u00fdrobcovi ve\u013ek\u00fdch strojov priemyseln\u00fd \u010disti\u010d vzduchu ePur100<\/a> na ochranu obsluhy pred v\u00fdparmi zo zv\u00e1rania. Ke\u010f\u017ee oper\u00e1tori boli \u010dasto mobiln\u00ed a vo vzduchu, mali u\u017e ods\u00e1vacie hor\u00e1ky. Potom sme ich pridali k v\u00fdkonu zariadenia ePur100, aby sme zachytili zvy\u0161ok zv\u00e1rac\u00edch v\u00fdparov v prostred\u00ed. Sp\u00e4tn\u00e1 v\u00e4zba od oper\u00e1torov bola uspokojiv\u00e1, preto\u017ee sa u\u017e nemusia ob\u00e1va\u0165 zdravotn\u00fdch probl\u00e9mov. <\/p>\n\n

\u010co by ste mali vedie\u0165 o zv\u00e1rac\u00edch dymov<\/h2>\n\n

V\u00fdpary zo zv\u00e1rania kovov sa m\u00f4\u017eu pova\u017eova\u0165 za nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 pre zdravie obsluhy a m\u00f4\u017eu sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 choroby z povolania v z\u00e1vislosti od ich zlo\u017eenia, koncentr\u00e1cie a trvania expoz\u00edcie. Rizik\u00e1 sa t\u00fdkaj\u00fa nielen zv\u00e1ra\u010dov, ale aj okolit\u00fdch pracovn\u00edkov. Prevent\u00edvne opatrenia s\u00fa zalo\u017een\u00e9 na pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00ed kolekt\u00edvnych a individu\u00e1lnych ochrann\u00fdch prostriedkov. <\/p>\n\n

\u010co je zv\u00e1ranie?<\/h2>\n\n
\n
\n

Pri sp\u00e1jan\u00ed kovov\u00fdch \u010dast\u00ed, zn\u00e1mom aj ako zv\u00e1ranie kovov, vznikaj\u00fa zv\u00e1racie dymy. Tie vznikaj\u00fa zahrievan\u00edm okrajov r\u00f4znych kovov na teplotu tavenia pomocou zdroja energie. Zmes z\u00e1kladn\u00e9ho kovu a pr\u00eddavn\u00e9ho kovu sa zriedi a vytvor\u00ed sa zvarov\u00e1 li\u0161ta alebo spoj. Zv\u00e1ranie kovov sa m\u00f4\u017ee vykon\u00e1va\u0165 na v\u0161etk\u00fdch kovov\u00fdch materi\u00e1loch. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00f4\u017eu sa pou\u017ei\u0165 r\u00f4zne zv\u00e1racie postupy, ktor\u00e9 sa delia na manu\u00e1lne, poloautomatick\u00e9 a automatick\u00e9. Elektrick\u00e9 obl\u00fakov\u00e9 zv\u00e1ranie je najbe\u017enej\u0161ou technikou pou\u017e\u00edvanou v podnikoch, ale existuj\u00fa aj in\u00e9, ako napr\u00edklad odporov\u00e9, plynov\u00e9, mechanick\u00e9 zv\u00e1ranie a zv\u00e1ranie s vysokou hustotou energie. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

\n
\"ZVÁRACIE<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n

Ak\u00e9 nebezpe\u010denstvo predstavuj\u00fa zv\u00e1racie v\u00fdpary?<\/h2>\n\n

V d\u00f4sledku vysok\u00fdch tepl\u00f4t dosahuj\u00facich body tavenia sa pri v\u0161etk\u00fdch procesoch zv\u00e1rania uvo\u013e\u0148uj\u00fa potenci\u00e1lne \u0161kodliv\u00e9 v\u00fdpary. Tieto v\u00fdpary m\u00f4\u017eu vdychova\u0165 zv\u00e1ra\u010di a okoloid\u00faci vo v\u00fdrobn\u00fdch budov\u00e1ch. V z\u00e1vislosti od procesu sa tieto v\u00fdpary mie\u0161aj\u00fa s hor\u00facim vzduchom a vytv\u00e1raj\u00fa plyny a prach v r\u00f4znom pomere. Ve\u013ekos\u0165 t\u00fdchto prachov je men\u0161ia ako 1 mikrometer. Vzh\u013eadom na ich ve\u013emi mal\u00fa ve\u013ekos\u0165 sa tieto prachy m\u00f4\u017eu dosta\u0165 do alveol\u00e1rnej z\u00f3ny d\u00fdchacieho syst\u00e9mu. <\/p>\n\n

Zv\u00e1racie v\u00fdpary preto m\u00f4\u017eu sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 otravu a vies\u0165 k ak\u00fatnym alebo chronick\u00fdm zdravotn\u00fdm probl\u00e9mom. Hlavn\u00e9 zne\u010dis\u0165uj\u00face l\u00e1tky obsiahnut\u00e9 v dyme s\u00fa tieto: <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\t\n\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t
<\/td>Polluants<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Irritants, toxiques ou allergisants<\/td>L\u2019antimoine, le cuivre, le nickel, les fluorures, le mangan\u00e8se, le titane, le zinc, le b\u00e9ryllium, le magn\u00e9sium, l\u2019aluminium, le molybd\u00e8ne, le plomb, le vanadium, le zirconium, le baryum et le chrome<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Irritants<\/td>L\u2019ald\u00e9hyde formique, l\u2019ozone, le phosg\u00e8ne et le dioxyde d\u2019azote <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Toxiques <\/td>Le cyanure d\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne, le monoxyde de carbone et le monoxyde d\u2019azote<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Fibrose pulmonaire<\/td>Le cobalt et le b\u00e9ryllium<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Surcharge pulmonaire<\/td>L\u2019aluminium, la silice amorphe, le fer, l\u2019\u00e9tain et le titane<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Potentiellement canc\u00e9rig\u00e8ne <\/td>Le b\u00e9ryllium, le cobalt, le chrome VI, le nickel et l\u2019ald\u00e9hyde formique <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n

Po vd\u00fdchnut\u00ed zv\u00e1ra\u010dsk\u00fdch dymov m\u00f4\u017ee vznikn\u00fa\u0165 mno\u017estvo patologick\u00fdch stavov. Hlavn\u00e9 patologick\u00e9 stavy, s ktor\u00fdmi sa stret\u00e1vaj\u00fa zamestnanci vykon\u00e1vaj\u00faci zv\u00e1ra\u010dsk\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce, s\u00fa tieto: <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\t\n\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t
<\/td>Pathologies<\/th>Polluants<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Pathologies aigu\u00ebs<\/td>\u0152d\u00e8me pulmonaire<\/td>Ozone, oxyde d\u2019azote, phosg\u00e8ne<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Fi\u00e8vre des m\u00e9taux<\/td>Oxydes de zinc et de cuivre, oxyde de magn\u00e9sium<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Asthme<\/td>Colophane, diisocyanate de toluyl\u00e8ne, formald\u00e9hyde<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Pneumonie toxique<\/td>Oxydes de mangan\u00e8se, oxyde de cadmium, oxyde de b\u00e9ryllium<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Pathologies chroniques<\/td>Pneumoconiose<\/td>Oxydes de fer, oxyde d\u2019aluminium, oxyde d\u2019\u00e9tain, oxyde de b\u00e9ryllium<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Bronchite chronique<\/td>Oxydes d\u2019azote, ozone, oxydes de chrome, oxydes de nickel, oxydes de mangan\u00e8se, oxyde de cadmium<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Atteinte du syst\u00e8me nerveux central<\/td>Oxyde d\u2019aluminium, oxydes de mangan\u00e8se<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Atteinte r\u00e9nale<\/td>Oxyde de cadmium, oxyde de plomb, dioxyde de thorium<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Cancer broncho-pulmonaire<\/td>Oxydes de nickel, compos\u00e9s du chrome, oxyde de cadmium, oxyde de b\u00e9ryllium<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n

Zdroj: INRS<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n

Ako m\u00f4\u017eete predch\u00e1dza\u0165 rizik\u00e1m?<\/h2>\n\n

Prijat\u00e9 bezpe\u010dnostn\u00e9 opatrenia musia by\u0165 prisp\u00f4soben\u00e9 nielen pou\u017eit\u00fdm procesom a materi\u00e1lom, ale aj pracovisku (vr\u00e1tane dielne a pracoviska). Z toho vypl\u00fdva, \u017ee pred prijat\u00edm ak\u00fdchko\u013evek prevent\u00edvnych opatren\u00ed je nevyhnutn\u00e9 vykona\u0165 anal\u00fdzu pracov\u00edsk prev\u00e1dzkovate\u013eov. Cie\u013eom je zhroma\u017edi\u0165 \u010do najviac d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdch faktorov, aby bolo mo\u017en\u00e9 definova\u0165 opatrenia, ktor\u00e9 sa maj\u00fa prija\u0165. Oblasti, ktor\u00e9 sa maj\u00fa analyzova\u0165, s\u00fa pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 zv\u00e1racie techniky a parametre, obr\u00e1ban\u00e9 obrobky, pracovisk\u00e1 oper\u00e1torov, kancel\u00e1rie a organiz\u00e1cia materi\u00e1lov\u00fdch tokov v diel\u0148ach. <\/p>\n\n

Na zn\u00ed\u017eenie v\u00fdparov zo zv\u00e1rania mo\u017eno zavies\u0165 nieko\u013eko prevent\u00edvnych rie\u0161en\u00ed, ako je zachyt\u00e1vanie v\u00fdparov zo zv\u00e1rania pri zdroji a v\u0161eobecn\u00e9 vetranie<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n

Zber zv\u00e1ra\u010dsk\u00e9ho dymu pri zdroji je pre obsluhu najbezpe\u010dnej\u0161ie rie\u0161enie. Zachyt\u00e1va sa tak vylu\u010dovan\u00fd dym a chr\u00e1ni oper\u00e1torov pred rizikom vd\u00fdchnutia prachu a \u010dast\u00edc. Lok\u00e1lne ods\u00e1vanie udr\u017eiava zne\u010dis\u0165uj\u00face l\u00e1tky na najni\u017e\u0161ej mo\u017enej objemovej frakcii a po filtr\u00e1cii odv\u00e1dza zne\u010dis\u0165uj\u00face l\u00e1tky z dielne. Lok\u00e1lne ods\u00e1vanie zachyt\u00e1va uvo\u013enen\u00e9 zne\u010dis\u0165uj\u00face l\u00e1tky sk\u00f4r, ako sa dostan\u00fa do kontaktu s obsluhou a jej d\u00fdchac\u00edmi cestami a\/alebo sa roz\u0161\u00edria po celej dielni. Do \u00favahy prich\u00e1dza viacero typov lok\u00e1lneho ods\u00e1vania, napr\u00edklad ods\u00e1vacia backsplash, ods\u00e1vac\u00ed st\u00f4l, digestor<\/strong> alebo zbera\u010de prachu.<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n

Na\u0161e zariadenia na \u00fapravu zv\u00e1rac\u00edch dymov<\/h2>\n\n
\n
\n
\"oberA<\/a>
ePUR B Ex<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n
\"Odlučovač<\/a>
Dustomat 4<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n
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\"Dym<\/a>
SRF-K<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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\"Systém<\/a>
Dustmac<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Spolo\u010dnos\u0165 OberA pr\u00e1ve dodala priemyseln\u00fd \u010disti\u010d vzduchu ePur100 v\u00fdrobcovi ve\u013ek\u00fdch strojov na ochranu obsluhy pred v\u00fdparmi zo zv\u00e1rania. Ke\u010f\u017ee oper\u00e1tori boli \u010dasto mobiln\u00ed a vo vzduchu, mali u\u017e ods\u00e1vacie hor\u00e1ky. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":98608,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"none","_seopress_titles_title":"Ods\u00e1vanie zv\u00e1ra\u010dsk\u00e9ho dymu pre v\u00fdrobcu strojov","_seopress_titles_desc":"Spolo\u010dnos\u0165 OberA pr\u00e1ve dodala priemyseln\u00fd \u010disti\u010d vzduchu ePur100 v\u00fdrobcovi ve\u013ek\u00fdch strojov na ochranu obsluhy pred v\u00fdparmi zo zv\u00e1rania.","_seopress_robots_index":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[141],"tags":[142],"class_list":["post-46565","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nasa-rada","tag-entete-male-sk","generate-columns","tablet-grid-50","mobile-grid-100","grid-parent","grid-50","no-featured-image-padding","resize-featured-image"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/46565","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=46565"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/46565\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":116995,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/46565\/revisions\/116995"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/98608"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=46565"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=46565"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=46565"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}