{"id":82590,"date":"2024-04-06T01:08:56","date_gmt":"2024-04-05T23:08:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/nase-rada\/composes-organiques-volatiles-cov-impacts-gestion-industrie\/"},"modified":"2025-04-15T11:24:09","modified_gmt":"2025-04-15T09:24:09","slug":"composes-organiques-volatiles-cov-impacts-gestion-industrie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/sk\/nasa-rada\/composes-organiques-volatiles-cov-impacts-gestion-industrie\/","title":{"rendered":"Prchav\u00e9 organick\u00e9 zl\u00fa\u010deniny (VOC): vplyv a riadenie v priemysle"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>V priemyselnom are\u00e1li s\u00fa prchav\u00e9 organick\u00e9 zl\u00fa\u010deniny (VOC)<strong> s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou l\u00e1tok zne\u010dis\u0165uj\u00facich okolit\u00e9 ovzdu\u0161ie<\/strong> v interi\u00e9ri aj exteri\u00e9ri. Pojem VOC zah\u0155\u0148a \u0161irok\u00fa \u0161k\u00e1lu chemick\u00fdch l\u00e1tok.   <\/p>\n\n<p>\u010co maj\u00fa spolo\u010dn\u00e9? Skladaj\u00fa sa z uhl\u00edka a vod\u00edka a v okolit\u00fdch podmienkach s\u00fa bu\u010f v plynnej, alebo v kvapalnej f\u00e1ze, ktor\u00e1 sa \u013eahko odparuje. VOC maj\u00fa vplyv na kvalitu ovzdu\u0161ia, \u010do m\u00e1 d\u00f4sledky na \u013eudsk\u00e9 zdravie, \u017eivotn\u00e9 prostredie a hospod\u00e1rstvo. Preto s\u00fa ofici\u00e1lne definovan\u00e9 na eur\u00f3pskej \u00farovni a prelo\u017een\u00e9 na n\u00e1rodn\u00fa \u00farove\u0148. Poznanie fyzik\u00e1lnych a chemick\u00fdch vlastnost\u00ed VOC v\u00e1m pom\u00f4\u017ee prija\u0165 vhodn\u00e9 prevent\u00edvne opatrenia. Tu je<strong> stru\u010dn\u00fd preh\u013ead,<\/strong> ktor\u00fd v\u00e1s obozn\u00e1mi s fyzik\u00e1lnymi a chemick\u00fdmi vlastnos\u0165ami VOC, ktor\u00e9 maj\u00fa vplyv na kvalitu ovzdu\u0161ia.     <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Regula\u010dn\u00e1 defin\u00edcia VOC<\/h2>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/design-sans-titre-8-1-1024x1024.jpg\" alt=\"dizajn bez n&#xE1;zvu 8 1\" class=\"wp-image-30144\" style=\"width:382px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/design-sans-titre-8-1-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/design-sans-titre-8-1-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/design-sans-titre-8-1-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/design-sans-titre-8-1-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/design-sans-titre-8-1.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n<p>V \u010dl\u00e1nku 2, \u00a716 a \u00a717 smernice Rady 1999\/13\/ES z 11. marca 1999 o <em>obmedzen\u00ed emisi\u00ed prchav\u00fdch organick\u00fdch zl\u00fa\u010den\u00edn vznikaj\u00facich pri<a href=\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/sk\/nasa-rada\/cov-aspiration-vapeurs-solvants\/\">pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00ed organick\u00fdch rozp\u00fa\u0161\u0165adiel <\/a>pri ur\u010dit\u00fdch \u010dinnostiach a v ur\u010dit\u00fdch zariadeniach<\/em> s\u00fa uveden\u00e9 tieto dve defin\u00edcie:<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Organick\u00e1 zl\u00fa\u010denina:<\/strong> &#8222;ka\u017ed\u00e1 zl\u00fa\u010denina, ktor\u00e1 s v\u00fdnimkou met\u00e1nu obsahuje uhl\u00edk a vod\u00edk, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 nahraden\u00e9 in\u00fdmi at\u00f3mami, ako s\u00fa halog\u00e9ny (napr <em>. flu\u00f3r, chl\u00f3r, br\u00f3m, j\u00f3d)<\/em>, kysl\u00edk, s\u00edra, dus\u00edk alebo fosfor, s v\u00fdnimkou oxidov uhl\u00edka <em>(napr. CO<\/em><em><sub>2<\/sub><\/em>) a uhli\u010ditanov (<em>napr.: CO<\/em><em><sub>3<\/sub><\/em><em><sup>2-<\/sup><\/em>) a hydrog\u00e9nuhli\u010ditany<em>(napr. HCO<\/em><em><sub>3<\/sub><\/em><em><sup>&#8211;<\/sup><\/em>) <strong>.<\/strong> &#8220;  <\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Prchav\u00e1 organick\u00e1 zl\u00fa\u010denina (VOC <\/strong>): ak\u00e1ko\u013evek organick\u00e1 zl\u00fa\u010denina s tlakom p\u00e1r 0,01 kPa alebo viac pri teplote 293,15 K<em>(20 \u00b0C)<\/em> alebo s pr\u00edslu\u0161nou prchavos\u0165ou za konkr\u00e9tnych podmienok pou\u017eitia.<\/p>\n\n<p>Smernica bola prenesen\u00e1 do franc\u00fazskeho pr\u00e1va v \u010dl\u00e1nku R224-48 z\u00e1konn\u00edka o \u017eivotnom prostred\u00ed. Definuje VOC ako &#8222;ak\u00fako\u013evek organick\u00fa zl\u00fa\u010deninu, ktorej po\u010diato\u010dn\u00fd bod varu meran\u00fd pri \u0161tandardnom tlaku 101,3 kPa je ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed alebo rovn\u00fd 250 \u00b0C&#8220;. <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Lietaj\u00fa? \u00c1no, ale viac-menej! Fyzik\u00e1lna klasifik\u00e1cia VOC  <\/h2>\n\n<p>Aby sme pochopili<strong> rozsah emisi\u00ed VOC, ktor\u00e9<\/strong> ovplyv\u0148uj\u00fa kvalitu okolit\u00e9ho ovzdu\u0161ia, mus\u00edme pozna\u0165 ich koncentr\u00e1ciu. Na tento \u00fa\u010del sa spoliehame na fyzik\u00e1lnu charakteristiku: prchavos\u0165. <\/p>\n\n<p>Prchavos\u0165 je schopnos\u0165 l\u00e1tky vyparova\u0165 sa pri teplote a tlaku okolia.  <\/p>\n\n<p>LZO s\u00fa prchav\u00e9, ale viac alebo menej prchav\u00e9. Ke\u010f\u017ee prchavos\u0165 VOC z\u00e1vis\u00ed od tlaku p\u00e1r, ako <strong>klasifika\u010dn\u00e9 krit\u00e9rium<\/strong> sa m\u00f4\u017ee pou\u017ei\u0165 efekt\u00edvna nas\u00fdten\u00e1 koncentr\u00e1cia ???????? (v \u00b5g<sup>.m-3<\/sup>). Prchavos\u0165 tie\u017e kles\u00e1 so zvy\u0161uj\u00facou sa molekulovou hmotnos\u0165ou VOC. LZO mo\u017eno klasifikova\u0165 aj pod\u013ea po\u010dtu at\u00f3mov uhl\u00edka v ich \u0161trukt\u00fare.    <\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>volatilita k nevolatilite<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>po\u010det at\u00f3mov uhl\u00edka<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>efekt\u00edvna koncentr\u00e1cia nas\u00fdtenia <\/strong><strong>????????<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>VOC Ve\u013emi prchav\u00e9 a\u017e prchav\u00e9<\/td><td>nb C \u2264 11<\/td><td>???????? &gt; <sup>106 \u03bcg <\/sup><sup>.m-3<\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>VOC-IVolatility Intermediate<\/td><td>12 \u2264 nb C \u2264 18<\/td><td><sup>103<\/sup> \u03bcg<sup>.m-3<\/sup> &lt;???????? \u2264<sup>106<\/sup> \u03bcg<sup>.m-3<\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>COSVSemi Volatil<\/td><td>18 &lt; nb C \u2264 32<\/td><td><sup>10-1<\/sup> \u03bcg<sup>.m-3<\/sup> &lt;???????? \u2264<sup>103<\/sup> \u03bcg<sup>.m-3<\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>CONV Netrvanliv\u00e9 pri izbovej teplote (\u010dastice)<\/td><td>nb C &gt; 32<\/td><td>???????? &lt; <sup> 10-1<\/sup> \u03bcg<sup>.m-3<\/sup><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n<p>Je potrebn\u00e9 poznamena\u0165, \u017ee netrvanliv\u00e9 organick\u00e9 zl\u00fa\u010deniny pri teplote okolia (NVOCC) sa vyparuj\u00fa za \u0161pecifick\u00fdch podmienok pou\u017e\u00edvania, v <a href=\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/sk\/nasa-rada\/voc-v-priemyselnych-procesoch-ktora-strategia-zmiernovania\/\">s\u00favislosti s priemyseln\u00fdmi procesmi<\/a> alebo v pr\u00edpade nehody (po\u017eiar, v\u00fdbuch).<\/p>\n\n<p>Pri \u010fal\u0161ej klasifik\u00e1cii VOC sa za krit\u00e9rium pova\u017euje teplota varu.  <\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Volatilita  <\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Teplota varu<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Vysoko volatiln\u00e9  <\/td><td>&lt; (50 &#8211; 100 \u00b0C)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Prchav\u00e9<\/td><td>(50 &#8211; 100 \u00b0C) a\u017e (240 &#8211; 260 \u00b0C)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Poloprchav\u00fd  <\/td><td>(240 &#8211; 260 \u00b0C) a\u017e (380 &#8211; 400 \u00b0C)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Prchav\u00e9 organick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky a z\u00e1pachy<\/h2>\n\n<p>Niektor\u00e9 VOC s\u00fa bez z\u00e1pachu (but\u00e1n, prop\u00e1n). In\u00e9 VOC m\u00f4\u017eu ma\u0165 viac alebo menej charakteristick\u00fd z\u00e1pach. Zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 zap\u00e1chaj\u00face s\u00fa zl\u00fa\u010deniny s\u00edry, am\u00edny, kysl\u00edkov\u00e9 zl\u00fa\u010deniny (ket\u00f3ny, aldehydy) a niektor\u00e9 aromatick\u00e9 zl\u00fa\u010deniny.    <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Klasifik\u00e1cia VOC pod\u013ea ich chemickej \u0161trukt\u00fary<\/h2>\n\n<p><strong>LZO predstavuj\u00fa rozsiahlu skupinu chemick\u00fdch zl\u00fa\u010den\u00edn<\/strong> so \u0161irokou \u0161k\u00e1lou \u0161trukt\u00far a vlastnost\u00ed. Do tejto triedy ich sp\u00e1ja ich spolo\u010dn\u00fd vplyv ako l\u00e1tok zne\u010dis\u0165uj\u00facich ovzdu\u0161ie, vodu a p\u00f4du. Ich \u0161trukt\u00fara, a najm\u00e4 pr\u00edtomnos\u0165 in\u00fdch skup\u00edn at\u00f3mov ako C a H, v\u0161ak ovplyv\u0148uje ich chemick\u00e9 vlastnosti, a teda aj<strong> ich toxicitu<\/strong> pre \u013eud\u00ed a pr\u00edrodu, a teda aj ich hospod\u00e1rsky vplyv.    <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0160truktur\u00e1lne krit\u00e9ri\u00e1 VOC<\/h3>\n\n<p>LZO sa rozli\u0161uj\u00fa pod\u013ea nieko\u013ek\u00fdch nevylu\u010duj\u00facich sa \u0161truktur\u00e1lnych krit\u00e9ri\u00ed, z ktor\u00fdch ka\u017ed\u00e9 prispieva k povahe a stup\u0148u ich zne\u010dis\u0165uj\u00facich vlastnost\u00ed:  <\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>cyklick\u00e9<\/strong><em>(re\u0165azec at\u00f3mov uhl\u00edka uzavret\u00fd do kruhu<\/em>) oproti <strong>necyklick\u00fdm<\/strong><em>(neuzavret\u00fd uhl\u00edkov\u00fd re\u0165azec<\/em>, <em>at\u00f3my C sa sp\u00e1jaj\u00fa line\u00e1rne<\/em>);<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>aromatick\u00e9<\/strong><em>(\u0161pecifick\u00fd \u0161es\u0165uholn\u00edkov\u00fd uhl\u00edkov\u00fd re\u0165azec naz\u00fdvan\u00fd benz\u00e9nov\u00fd kruh, zlo\u017een\u00fd zo 6 at\u00f3mov uhl\u00edka, z ktor\u00fdch ka\u017ed\u00fd je spojen\u00fd s at\u00f3mom vod\u00edka<\/em>) a <strong>nearomatick\u00e9<\/strong><em>(re\u0165azec bez tejto \u0161peci\u00e1lnej konfigur\u00e1cie<\/em>);  <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>monocyklick\u00e9<\/strong><em>(jeden cyklick\u00fd uhl\u00edkov\u00fd re\u0165azec<\/em>) oproti <strong>polycyklick\u00fdm<\/strong><em>(nieko\u013eko rovnak\u00fdch kruhov spojen\u00fdch jedn\u00fdm alebo dvoma spolo\u010dn\u00fdmi at\u00f3mami uhl\u00edka<\/em>)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>homocyklick\u00e9<\/strong><em>(kruh tvoren\u00fd v\u00fdlu\u010dne C)<\/em> a <strong>heterocyklick\u00e9<\/strong><em>(kruh obsahuj\u00faci uhl\u00edk a in\u00e9 at\u00f3my nahradzuj\u00face uhl\u00edk<\/em>);<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>nas\u00fdten\u00e9<\/strong><em>(pr\u00edtomnos\u0165 len<\/em> <em>jednoduch\u00fdch uhl\u00edkov\u00fdch v\u00e4zieb<\/em>) oproti <strong>nenas\u00fdten\u00fdm<\/strong><em>(dvojit\u00e9 alebo trojit\u00e9 uhl\u00edkov\u00e9 v\u00e4zby<\/em>). Nenas\u00fdten\u00e9 VOC s\u00fa reakt\u00edvnej\u0161ie, \u010do m\u00e1 vplyv na ich toxicitu. V\u0161etky aromatick\u00e9 \u0161trukt\u00fary s\u00fa nenas\u00fdten\u00e9.  <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>nerozvetven\u00fd <\/strong>verzus<strong> rozvetven\u00fd<\/strong><em>(hlavn\u00fd uhl\u00edkov\u00fd re\u0165azec m\u00e1 jednu alebo viac vetiev vytvoren\u00fdch bu\u010f len zo skup\u00edn at\u00f3mov C a H, alebo obsahuje \u010fal\u0161ie at\u00f3my, ktor\u00e9 im potom d\u00e1vaj\u00fa charakteristick\u00fa reaktivitu [funk\u010dn\u00fa skupinu]).<\/em> <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Klasifik\u00e1cia VOC<\/h3>\n\n<p>Existuj\u00fa dve hlavn\u00e9 kateg\u00f3rie VOC: <strong>aromatick\u00e9 VOC<\/strong> a <strong>alifatick\u00e9<\/strong> (nearomatick\u00e9) <strong>VOC<\/strong>.  <\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Aromatick\u00e9<\/strong> prchav\u00e9 organick\u00e9 zl\u00fa\u010deniny maj\u00fa ako z\u00e1kladn\u00fd skelet benz\u00e9nov\u00fd <strong>kruh <\/strong>. Mo\u017eno ich rozdeli\u0165 do nieko\u013ek\u00fdch podkateg\u00f3ri\u00ed: <\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong> Monocyklick\u00e9<\/strong> aromatick\u00e9 uh\u013eovod\u00edky vr\u00e1tane BTEX (skratka pre benz\u00e9n, tolu\u00e9n, etylbenz\u00e9n, xyl\u00e9n), ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa toxick\u00e9 a ekotoxick\u00e9.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>polycyklick\u00e9<\/strong> aromatick\u00e9 uh\u013eovod\u00edky (PAU), ktor\u00e9 maj\u00fa karcinog\u00e9nne vlastnosti. Syntetizuj\u00fa sa pri tvorbe fos\u00edlnych pal\u00edv (ropa, uhlie) alebo pri ne\u00faplnom spa\u013eovan\u00ed organick\u00fdch l\u00e1tok (vykurovanie olejom, lesn\u00e9 po\u017eiare at\u010f.). <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>aromatick\u00e9 <strong>heterocyklick\u00e9<\/strong> zl\u00fa\u010deniny alebo aromatick\u00e9 heterocykly, v ktor\u00fdch je jeden alebo viac at\u00f3mov C benz\u00e9nov\u00e9ho kruhu substituovan\u00fdch in\u00fdmi at\u00f3mami (alebo skupinami at\u00f3mov), ako s\u00fa at\u00f3my uveden\u00e9 vo vy\u0161\u0161ie uvedenej defin\u00edcii.  <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p><strong>Alifatick\u00e9 <\/strong> VOC (=<strong> nearomatick\u00e9<\/strong> VOC) zah\u0155\u0148aj\u00fa molekuly s :<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>nas\u00fdten\u00e9<\/strong>: <strong>alk\u00e1ny <\/strong>; napr\u00edklad hex\u00e1n <sub>C6H14 <\/sub>, ktor\u00fd sa pou\u017e\u00edva v lepidl\u00e1ch, lepidl\u00e1ch a odmas\u0165ovac\u00edch kvapalin\u00e1ch, je pr\u00edtomn\u00fd v benz\u00ednov\u00fdch v\u00fdparoch. Do tela sa m\u00f4\u017ee dosta\u0165 d\u00fdchac\u00edmi cestami a cez ko\u017eu. \u00da\u010dinky vd\u00fdchnutia sa pohybuj\u00fa od z\u00e1vratov a\u017e po stratu vedomia. Kontakt s poko\u017ekou sp\u00f4sobuje dermatit\u00eddu.   <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>insatur\u00e9e<\/strong> aux propri\u00e9t\u00e9s plus polluantes&nbsp;:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>alk\u00e9ny<\/strong> (dvojit\u00e1 v\u00e4zba uhl\u00edka); pr\u00edklad: etyl\u00e9n <sub>C2H4<\/sub>, ktor\u00fd sa uvo\u013e\u0148uje z v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iny druhov ovocia a zeleniny ako \u010dinidlo pri dozrievan\u00ed, uvo\u013e\u0148ovan\u00fd z v\u00fdfukov\u00fdch potrub\u00ed, vysokozdvi\u017en\u00fdch voz\u00edkov poh\u00e1\u0148an\u00fdch prop\u00e1nom a plastov\u00fdch vrec\u00fa\u0161ok p\u00f4soben\u00edm svetla. Pri vdychovan\u00ed m\u00f4\u017ee sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 z\u00e1vraty, bolesti hlavy a stratu vedomia a prispieva k sklen\u00edkov\u00e9mu efektu;   <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>alkyny<\/strong> (trojit\u00e1 v\u00e4zba uhl\u00edka); pr\u00edklad: etyl\u00e9n alebo acetyl\u00e9n<sub>C2H2<\/sub><sub>; <\/sub><sub> <\/sub> extr\u00e9mne hor\u013eav\u00fd a v\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00fd, pou\u017e\u00edva sa ako palivo pri zv\u00e1ran\u00ed alebo v niektor\u00fdch analytick\u00fdch zariadeniach.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p><strong>Alk\u00e1ny, alk\u00e9ny a alkyny<\/strong> tie\u017e obsahuj\u00fa \u0161trukt\u00fary :  <\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>non-cycliques,<\/strong> les <strong>aliphatiques acycliques<\/strong>, qui sont constitu\u00e9es de cha\u00eenes&nbsp;:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>alebo line\u00e1rne. Pr\u00edklad <em>n-hex\u00e1n<\/em>. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>alebo rozvetven\u00e9.  <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>cycliques (<\/strong>cycles non-aromatiques<strong>)<\/strong>, les <strong>alicycliques<\/strong> (= <strong>ali<\/strong>phatiques <strong>cycliques<\/strong>)&nbsp;: cycloalcanes, cycloalc\u00e8nes, cycloalcynes.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Molekuly m\u00f4\u017eu obsahova\u0165 nieko\u013eko cyklov\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>bu\u010f spojen\u00e9 2 spolo\u010dn\u00fdmi at\u00f3mami uhl\u00edka; pr\u00edklad: polycyklick\u00e9 cykloalk\u00e1ny<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>alebo spojen\u00e9 jedn\u00fdm spolo\u010dn\u00fdm at\u00f3mom uhl\u00edka: \u0161pir\u00e1ny.  <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kruh m\u00f4\u017ee obsahova\u0165 aj in\u00e9 at\u00f3my ako uhl\u00edk (heterocyklus)  <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Prstenec m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 rozvetven\u00fd. Napr\u00edklad metylcyklohex\u00e1n <sub>(C6H11CH3<\/sub>), ktor\u00fd sa pou\u017e\u00edva ako b\u00e1za na organick\u00fa synt\u00e9zu, ako rozp\u00fa\u0161\u0165adlo \u00e9terov a celul\u00f3zy a ako leteck\u00e9 palivo. M\u00f4\u017ee po\u0161kodi\u0165 d\u00fdchacie cesty, centr\u00e1lny nervov\u00fd syst\u00e9m, poko\u017eku a o\u010di.  <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Ak m\u00e1 <strong>alifatick\u00e1 alebo aromatick\u00e1 \u0161trukt\u00fara<\/strong> vetvu identifikovan\u00fa ako funk\u010dn\u00e1 skupina (skupina at\u00f3mov, ktor\u00e1 jej d\u00e1va charakteristick\u00e9 chemick\u00e9 vlastnosti), ako napr\u00edklad niektor\u00e9 deriv\u00e1ty alk\u00e1nov alebo PAU, bude ma\u0165 VOC \u0161pecifick\u00fd vplyv na <a href=\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/sk\/nasa-rada\/quels-procedes-ameliorent-qualite-air-eliminant-cov\/\">kvalitu ovzdu\u0161ia<\/a>. LZO sa potom zara\u010fuj\u00fa do konkr\u00e9tnej skupiny: <\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Halog\u00e9novan\u00e9 VOC, napr. chl\u00f3rmet\u00e1n CH\u2083Cl  <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>VOC obsahuj\u00face s\u00edru, napr. \u03b2-merkaptoetanol <sub>C2H6OS<\/sub>,  <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>COV oxyg\u00e9n\u00e9s dont des&nbsp;:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>VOC alkoholy, napr. etyl\u00e9nglykol <sub>C2H6O2<\/sub><sub>; <\/sub> pou\u017e\u00edva sa ako nemrzn\u00faca zmes, rozp\u00fa\u0161\u0165adlo, brzdov\u00e9 kvapaliny, farbiv\u00e1 at\u010f. Vdychovanie sp\u00f4sobuje ka\u0161e\u013e a bolesti hlavy, zatia\u013e \u010do po\u017eitie sp\u00f4sobuje bolesti brucha a nevo\u013enos\u0165. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>VOC ket\u00f3ny, napr. acet\u00f3n <sub>C3H6O<\/sub>, rozp\u00fa\u0161\u0165adlo pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 v priemysle farieb, lakov, gumy a plastov at\u010f. Je ve\u013emi prchav\u00fd, pri vysokej koncentr\u00e1cii vo vzduchu ho mo\u017eno vdychova\u0165 vo ve\u013ek\u00fdch mno\u017estv\u00e1ch. Cez p\u013e\u00faca sa m\u00f4\u017ee dosta\u0165 do krvn\u00e9ho obehu a \u0161\u00edri\u0165 sa po celom tele. Pr\u00edznaky sa pohybuj\u00fa od podr\u00e1\u017edenia nosa a\u017e po depresiu centr\u00e1lneho nervov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu.   <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>VOC aldehydy, napr. formaldehyd <sub>CH2O<\/sub>, ktor\u00fd sa vo v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ej alebo men\u0161ej miere emituje vo v\u0161etk\u00fdch priemyseln\u00fdch odvetviach a je pova\u017eovan\u00fd za karcinog\u00e9n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00e9tery VOC, napr. etyl\u00e9nglykol n-butil\u00e9ter<em>(EGBE<\/em>) <sub>C6H14O2<\/sub>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ester VOC, napr. metylacet\u00e1t <sub>C3H6O2<\/sub>.  <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nitrol\u00e1tky, napr. nitroet\u00e1n <sub>C2H5NO2<\/sub>, dr\u00e1\u017edia d\u00fdchacie cesty, m\u00f4\u017eu zmeni\u0165 krvn\u00fd obraz a sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 k\u0155\u010de.  <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Aminol\u00e1tky, ako je anil\u00edn, ktor\u00e9 sa \u013eahko adsorbuj\u00fa na pracovn\u00fd odev, steny, stroje a pracovn\u00e9 povrchy.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p><strong>Defin\u00edciu VOC sp\u013a\u0148a nieko\u013eko tis\u00edc l\u00e1tok<\/strong>. Ovplyv\u0148uj\u00fa kvalitu ovzdu\u0161ia vo v\u0161etk\u00fdch priemyseln\u00fdch odvetviach. Poznanie ich vlastnost\u00ed n\u00e1m umo\u017e\u0148uje pochopi\u0165, ako reaguj\u00fa s plynmi a prachom v ovzdu\u0161\u00ed v priemyselnom podniku. Potom mo\u017eno prija\u0165 prevent\u00edvne opatrenia prisp\u00f4soben\u00e9 ich chemick\u00e9mu zlo\u017eeniu, najm\u00e4 pokia\u013e ide o zachyt\u00e1vanie pri zdroji, filtr\u00e1ciu a \u010distenie.   <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>V priemyselnom are\u00e1li s\u00fa prchav\u00e9 organick\u00e9 zl\u00fa\u010deniny (VOC) s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou l\u00e1tok zne\u010dis\u0165uj\u00facich okolit\u00e9 ovzdu\u0161ie v interi\u00e9ri aj exteri\u00e9ri. Pojem VOC zah\u0155\u0148a \u0161irok\u00fa \u0161k\u00e1lu chemick\u00fdch l\u00e1tok.   <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":81997,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"none","_seopress_titles_title":"Prchav\u00e9 organick\u00e9 zl\u00fa\u010deniny (VOC): vplyv a riadenie","_seopress_titles_desc":"V priemyselnom are\u00e1li s\u00fa prchav\u00e9 organick\u00e9 zl\u00fa\u010deniny (VOC) s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou l\u00e1tok zne\u010dis\u0165uj\u00facich okolit\u00e9 ovzdu\u0161ie v interi\u00e9ri aj exteri\u00e9ri. Pojem VOC zah\u0155\u0148a \u0161irok\u00fa \u0161k\u00e1lu chemick\u00fdch l\u00e1tok. ","_seopress_robots_index":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[141],"tags":[142],"class_list":["post-82590","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nasa-rada","tag-entete-male-sk","generate-columns","tablet-grid-50","mobile-grid-100","grid-parent","grid-50","no-featured-image-padding","resize-featured-image"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/82590","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=82590"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/82590\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":82605,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/82590\/revisions\/82605"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/81997"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=82590"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=82590"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=82590"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}