{"id":90191,"date":"2023-03-21T17:03:53","date_gmt":"2023-03-21T15:03:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/nase-rada\/comment-utiliser-la-lie-la-lse-le-domaine-dexplosivite-dune-substance-explosive\/"},"modified":"2025-04-25T10:15:29","modified_gmt":"2025-04-25T08:15:29","slug":"comment-utiliser-la-lie-la-lse-le-domaine-dexplosivite-dune-substance-explosive","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/sk\/nasa-rada\/comment-utiliser-la-lie-la-lse-le-domaine-dexplosivite-dune-substance-explosive\/","title":{"rendered":"Ako pou\u017e\u00edvate: LEL, UEL, rozsah v\u00fdbu\u0161nosti v\u00fdbu\u0161nej l\u00e1tky?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Ako sme videli, LEL a UEL vymedzuj\u00fa rozsah v\u00fdbu\u0161nosti<\/strong>, ktor\u00fd tvoria v\u0161etky v\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00e9 koncentr\u00e1cie v\u00fdbu\u0161nej l\u00e1tky v atmosf\u00e9re. Na pos\u00fadenie rizika zamestn\u00e1vate\u013e pos\u00fadi koncentr\u00e1ciu v\u00fdbu\u0161nej l\u00e1tky pod\u013ea pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9ho mno\u017estva a porovn\u00e1 ju s limitmi v\u00fdbu\u0161nosti. Ako prevent\u00edvne opatrenie si ponech\u00e1 bezpe\u010dnostn\u00fa rezervu, potom koncentr\u00e1ciu zriedi aspo\u0148 na bezpe\u010dnostn\u00fa koncentr\u00e1ciu pomocou ods\u00e1vacieho\/filtra\u010dn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu<\/strong> ATEX. <\/p>\n\n

LEL sa pou\u017e\u00edva na porovnanie rizika v\u00fdskytu ATEX s mno\u017estvom pou\u017eit\u00e9ho v\u00fdrobku.<\/h2>\n\n

Doln\u00e1 hranica v\u00fdbu\u0161nosti<\/strong> sa porovn\u00e1va s koncentr\u00e1ciami v\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00fdch l\u00e1tok, ktor\u00e9 by mohli tvori\u0165 ATEX. Tieto koncentr\u00e1cie z\u00e1visia od r\u00fdchlosti emisi\u00ed v\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00fdch l\u00e1tok. T\u00e1 zase vypl\u00fdva z mno\u017estva produktov pr\u00edtomn\u00fdch v sk\u00famanej prev\u00e1dzkovej situ\u00e1cii. Zamestn\u00e1vate\u013e odhadne tieto koncentr\u00e1cie pre r\u00f4zne scen\u00e1re vzniku ATEX<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n

\"spodná<\/figure>\n\n

Teoretick\u00fd pr\u00edklad: scen\u00e1r ATEX zah\u0155\u0148aj\u00faci \u00fanik plynu<\/a> z potrubia. Prietok v potrub\u00ed z\u00e1vis\u00ed od r\u00fdchlosti emisie hor\u013eav\u00e9ho produktu do okolitej atmosf\u00e9ry. V\u00fdsledkom je v\u00fdpo\u010det koncentra\u010dn\u00fdch gradientov v pracovnom priestore. Hodnoty koncentr\u00e1cie s\u00fa umiestnen\u00e9 vo vz\u0165ahu k rozsahu v\u00fdbu\u0161nosti<\/strong>. Odvod\u00ed sa stupe\u0148 rizika ATEX. Trvalos\u0165 tohto rizika sa posudzuje v z\u00e1vislosti od polohy v pracovnom priestore. Potom sa ur\u010dia z\u00f3ny ATEX. Nakoniec sa uplatnia prevent\u00edvne opatrenia, ako napr\u00edkladfiltrovan\u00e9 ods\u00e1vanie hor\u013eav\u00e9ho plynu<\/strong>. Pri ods\u00e1van\u00ed sa zoh\u013ead\u0148uje potenci\u00e1lna miera \u00faniku hor\u013eav\u00e9ho plynu. <\/p>\n\n

Pr\u00edklad zo \u017eivota: v roku 2011 vybuchla v Nogent sur Seine n\u00e1dr\u017e na papier sobjemom 1 000m3<\/sup> naplnen\u00e1 na 95 % a zabila jednu osobu. Z papieroviny v n\u00e1dr\u017ei sa do ovzdu\u0161ia uvo\u013e\u0148oval vod\u00edk. Miera emisi\u00ed na jednotku suchej hmotnosti bola 20 dm3<\/sup> za hodinu (suchos\u0165 buni\u010diny 10 %). Pri tejto r\u00fdchlosti sa LEL dosiahla po 1,6 hodiny. Vod\u00edk sa zmie\u0161al satmosf\u00e9rou v n\u00e1dr\u017ei a vytvoril ATEX<\/strong>. Po tomto v\u00fdbuchu zamestn\u00e1vate\u013e vybavil n\u00e1dr\u017ee vertik\u00e1lnou ventil\u00e1ciou na zriedenie vod\u00edka v atmosf\u00e9re hne\u010f po jeho uvo\u013enen\u00ed otvoren\u00edm hornej \u010dasti n\u00e1dr\u017ee.<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n

Rozsah v\u00fdbu\u0161nosti, LEL a UEL poskytuj\u00fa inform\u00e1cie o vzniku ATEX a rozsahu rizika v\u00fdbuchu spojen\u00e9ho s v\u00fdrobkom.<\/h2>\n\n

LEL a UEL ur\u010duj\u00faamplit\u00fadu rozsahu v\u00fdbu\u0161nosti<\/strong> a doln\u00fa a horn\u00fa hranicu v\u00fdbu\u0161nosti (rozsahy nev\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00fdch koncentr\u00e1ci\u00ed v\u00fdbu\u0161nej l\u00e1tky). V d\u00f4sledku toho poskytuj\u00fa inform\u00e1cie o pravdepodobnosti vznietenia a v\u00fdbuchu ATEX, ako aj o pravdepodobnosti vzniku ATEX. <\/p>\n\n

\u010c\u00edm \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed<\/strong> je teda rozsah v\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00edn<\/strong>, t\u00fdm u\u017e\u0161\u00ed je rozsah nev\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00fdch koncentr\u00e1ci\u00ed. Je teda pravdepodobnej\u0161ie, \u017ee emisia v\u00fdbu\u0161nej l\u00e1tky vyvol\u00e1 koncentr\u00e1ciu v rozsahu v\u00fdbu\u0161nosti<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n

Okrem toho sa s rast\u00facim rozsahom koncentr\u00e1ci\u00ed v\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00edn<\/strong> zvy\u0161uje aj pravdepodobnos\u0165 v\u00fdbuchu. (Upozor\u0148ujeme, \u017ee pravdepodobnos\u0165 rizika v\u00fdbuchu z\u00e1vis\u00ed od \u010fal\u0161\u00edch faktorov s\u00favisiacich s atmosf\u00e9rou a priemyseln\u00fdm prostred\u00edm). Ak je odpor\u00fa\u010dan\u00fdm prevent\u00edvnym opatren\u00edm <\/strong>filtra\u010dn\u00e9 ods\u00e1vanie, prietokods\u00e1vania ATEX <\/strong>\u010diasto\u010dne z\u00e1vis\u00ed od koncentr\u00e1cie v\u00fdbu\u0161nej l\u00e1tky v tejto atmosf\u00e9re (V\u0161imnite si, \u017ee koncentr\u00e1cia v\u00fdbu\u0161nej l\u00e1tky nie je jedin\u00fdm faktorom ur\u010duj\u00facim prietok ods\u00e1vania potrebn\u00fd na zaistenie bezpe\u010dnosti z\u00f3ny). <\/p>\n\n

\"oblasť<\/figure>\n\n

Napr\u00edklad rozp\u00e4tie v\u00fdbu\u0161nosti vod\u00edka<\/strong> je 71 percentu\u00e1lnych bodov (4 % a\u017e 75 % objemu vo vzduchu), zatia\u013e \u010do rozp\u00e4tie v\u00fdbu\u0161nosti<\/strong> prop\u00e1nu je 7,8 percentu\u00e1lnych bodov (2,2 % a\u017e 10 % objemu vo vzduchu); to je pribli\u017ene 10-kr\u00e1t menej. Pri vod\u00edku je teda viac mo\u017enost\u00ed, ako sa stretn\u00fa\u0165 s v\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00fdmi situ\u00e1ciami. <\/p>\n\n

A \u010das potrebn\u00fd na zriedenie ATEX ods\u00e1van\u00edm<\/strong> s cie\u013eom zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 riziko ATEX bude t\u00fdm dlh\u0161\u00ed, \u010d\u00edm bli\u017e\u0161ie je koncentr\u00e1cia v\u00fdbu\u0161nej l\u00e1tky k hornej hranici <\/strong>rozsahu v\u00fdbu\u0161nosti.<\/p>\n\n

Okrem toho pri rovnakej amplit\u00fade rozsahu v\u00fdbu\u0161nosti<\/strong> plat\u00ed, \u017ee \u010d\u00edm je ni\u017e\u0161ia hodnota LEL (alebo vy\u0161\u0161ia hodnota UEL v pr\u00edpade atmosf\u00e9ry s nedostatkom kysl\u00edka), t\u00fdm je ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed (alebo ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed) rozsah v\u00fdbu\u0161nosti. V d\u00f4sledku toho je prechod od nev\u00fdbu\u0161nej koncentr\u00e1cie<\/strong> k v\u00fdbu\u0161nej r\u00fdchlej\u0161\u00ed. Tak\u017ee \u010d\u00edm ni\u017e\u0161ia je hodnota LEL, t\u00fdm v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie je riziko vzniku ATEX. <\/p>\n\n

\"oblasť<\/figure>\n\n

Ak je napr\u00edklad v\u00fdchodiskovou situ\u00e1ciou atmosf\u00e9ra bez hor\u013eav\u00fdch l\u00e1tok<\/strong>, potom prop\u00e1n (LEL = 2,2 %) predstavuje vy\u0161\u0161ie riziko vzniku ATEX ako vod\u00edk (LEL = 4,4 %). Riziko vznietenia a v\u00fdbuchu je<\/strong> v\u0161ak ni\u017e\u0161ie.<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n

Za v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iny prev\u00e1dzkov\u00fdch podmienok je jednoduch\u0161ie udr\u017ea\u0165 koncentr\u00e1ciu pod \u00farov\u0148ou LEL<\/strong>. Na dosiahnutie tohto cie\u013ea je obvykl\u00fdm prevent\u00edvnym opatren\u00edm ods\u00e1vanie\/filtr\u00e1cia hor\u013eav\u00fdch l\u00e1tok. \u010c\u00edm ni\u017e\u0161ia je hodnota LEL, t\u00fdm vy\u0161\u0161ia mus\u00ed by\u0165 r\u00fdchlos\u0165 ods\u00e1vania<\/strong>, bu\u010f aby sa opustil rozsah v\u00fdbu\u0161nosti, alebo aby sa zn\u00ed\u017eila koncentr\u00e1cia v\u00fdbu\u0161nej<\/strong> l\u00e1tky, a\u017e k\u00fdm sa l\u00e1tka nevyl\u00fa\u010di z atmosf\u00e9ry. <\/p>\n\n

Niektor\u00e9 priemyseln\u00e9 procesy vy\u017eaduj\u00fa, aby sa koncentr\u00e1cia v\u00fdbu\u0161niny<\/strong> udr\u017eiavala nad \u00farov\u0148ou LSE<\/strong>. Napr\u00edklad \u010distiace procesy zah\u0155\u0148aj\u00face ponorenie do hor\u013eav\u00e9ho rozp\u00fa\u0161\u0165adla v uzavretej atmosf\u00e9re. <\/p>\n\n

Rozsah v\u00fdbu\u0161nosti sa pou\u017e\u00edva na zabezpe\u010denie bezpe\u010dnostnej rezervy, aby sa zabr\u00e1nilo vzniku ATEX.<\/h2>\n\n

Aby sa zabr\u00e1nilo vzniku ATEX<\/strong>, koncentr\u00e1cia plynu alebo pary sa mus\u00ed udr\u017eiava\u0165 mimo rozsahu v\u00fdbu\u0161nosti. V z\u00e1vislosti od okolit\u00fdch podmienok bude v\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00e1 atmosf\u00e9ra viac alebo menej homog\u00e9nna z h\u013eadiska hor\u013eav\u00fdch produktov<\/strong>. Napr\u00edklad v d\u00f4sledku turbulencie by ur\u010dit\u00e9 z\u00f3ny pova\u017eovan\u00e9 za z\u00f3ny mimo ATEX mohli nadobudn\u00fa\u0165 v\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00fa koncentr\u00e1ciu. <\/p>\n\n

S cie\u013eom pred\u00eds\u0165 riziku ATEX preto zamestn\u00e1vate\u013e prijme bezpe\u010dnostn\u00fa rezervu vzh\u013eadom na prahov\u00e9 hodnoty v\u00fdbu\u0161nosti<\/strong>. V tejto s\u00favislosti sa v predpisoch ATEX odpor\u00fa\u010da stanovi\u0165 koncentr\u00e1ciu minim\u00e1lne 10 % pod hodnotou LEL na pracovisku, kde by mohlo d\u00f4js\u0165 k vzniku ATEX. A pod 25 % v ostatn\u00fdch priestoroch. [i]<\/a><\/p>\n\n

\n\n

[i]<\/a> Obe\u017en\u00edk z 9.5.1985 t\u00fdkaj\u00faci sa technick\u00e9ho koment\u00e1ra k vyhl\u00e1\u0161kam\u010d. <\/sup>84-1093 a 84-1094 zo 7.12.1984 o vetran\u00ed a hygiene pracov\u00edsk<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ako sme videli, LEL a UEL vymedzuj\u00fa rozsah v\u00fdbu\u0161nosti, ktor\u00fd tvoria v\u0161etky v\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00e9 koncentr\u00e1cie v\u00fdbu\u0161nej l\u00e1tky v atmosf\u00e9re. Na pos\u00fadenie rizika zamestn\u00e1vate\u013e pos\u00fadi koncentr\u00e1ciu v\u00fdbu\u0161nej l\u00e1tky pod\u013ea pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9ho mno\u017estva a porovn\u00e1 ju s medzn\u00fdmi hodnotami v\u00fdbu\u0161nosti. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":90181,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"none","_seopress_titles_title":"Ako pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 : LEL, UEL, rozsah v\u00fdbu\u0161nosti l\u00e1tky","_seopress_titles_desc":"Zistite viac o pou\u017eit\u00ed dolnej medze v\u00fdbu\u0161nosti, hornej medze v\u00fdbu\u0161nosti a rozsahu v\u00fdbu\u0161nosti v\u00fdbu\u0161nej l\u00e1tky.","_seopress_robots_index":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[141],"tags":[142],"class_list":["post-90191","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nasa-rada","tag-entete-male-sk","generate-columns","tablet-grid-50","mobile-grid-100","grid-parent","grid-50","no-featured-image-padding","resize-featured-image"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/90191","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=90191"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/90191\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":90207,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/90191\/revisions\/90207"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/90181"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=90191"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=90191"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=90191"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}