{"id":93222,"date":"2023-03-10T16:17:42","date_gmt":"2023-03-10T14:17:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/nase-rada\/comment-mesurer-les-domaines-dexplosibilite-et-dexplosivite\/"},"modified":"2025-05-05T14:22:52","modified_gmt":"2025-05-05T12:22:52","slug":"comment-mesurer-les-domaines-dexplosibilite-et-dexplosivite","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/sk\/nasa-rada\/comment-mesurer-les-domaines-dexplosibilite-et-dexplosivite\/","title":{"rendered":"Ako meriate rozsah v\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00edn?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ako hodnot\u00edte amplit\u00fadu v\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00e9ho rozsahu?<\/h2>\n\n<p><strong>Doln\u00fd limit v\u00fdbu\u0161nosti (LEL)<\/strong> a <strong>horn\u00fd limit v\u00fdbu\u0161nosti (UEL<\/strong> ) s\u00fa vonkaj\u0161ie hranice rozsahu v\u00fdbu\u0161nosti. Vyjadruj\u00fa rozsah rozsahu v\u00fdbu\u0161nosti: UEL &#8211; UEL. <\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/domaines-explosivite-et-explosibilite.png\" alt=\"v&#xFD;bu&#x161;nos&#x165; a v&#xFD;bu&#x161;nos&#x165;\" class=\"wp-image-19295\" width=\"975\" height=\"150\" srcset=\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/domaines-explosivite-et-explosibilite.png 1300w, https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/domaines-explosivite-et-explosibilite-300x46.png 300w, https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/domaines-explosivite-et-explosibilite-1024x158.png 1024w, https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/domaines-explosivite-et-explosibilite-768x118.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 975px) 100vw, 975px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n<p><strong>Na<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>doln\u00fa hranicu v\u00fdbu\u0161nosti<\/strong><strong>(<\/strong> <strong>LEL)<\/strong> a v\u0161etky koncentr\u00e1cie pod touto hranicou. Palivo je v <strong><em>dolnej hranici <u>v\u00fdbu\u0161nosti<\/u><\/em><\/strong>. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p><strong>V atmosf\u00e9re je pr\u00edli\u0161 m\u00e1lo paliva<\/strong>. Spa\u013eovac\u00ed motor sa zadus\u00ed. In\u00fdmi slovami: mno\u017estvo hor\u013eav\u00e9ho produktu nie je dostato\u010dn\u00e9 na vyvolanie horenia zmesi plynov prostredn\u00edctvom zdroja zap\u00e1lenia.  <\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>horn\u00e1 hranica v\u00fdbu\u0161nosti <\/strong><strong>(<\/strong> <strong>UEL) <\/strong> a v\u0161etky koncentr\u00e1cie nad touto hranicou: <strong><em>horn\u00fd rozsah <u>v\u00fdbu\u0161nosti<\/u><\/em><\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Atmosf\u00e9ra je pr\u00edli\u0161 bohat\u00e1 na palivo. Spa\u013eovac\u00ed motor sa top\u00ed. Mno\u017estvo hor\u013eav\u00e9ho produktu je teda pr\u00edli\u0161 ve\u013ek\u00e9 v pomere k mno\u017estvu kysl\u00edka, aby sa mohlo iniciova\u0165 spa\u013eovanie zmesi plynov.  <\/p>\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><strong>LEL <\/strong>a <strong>UEL<\/strong>: <strong>nev\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00e9<\/strong> koncentr\u00e1cie hor\u013eav\u00e9ho produktu, ktor\u00e9 predstavuj\u00fa doln\u00fa vonkaj\u0161iu hranicu a horn\u00fa vonkaj\u0161iu hranicu <strong>rozsahu v\u00fdbu\u0161nosti<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<cite><strong>LEL &lt; Koncentr\u00e1cia v\u00fdbu\u0161niny &lt; LSE<\/strong><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ako sa meria mno\u017estvo v\u00fdbu\u0161nej l\u00e1tky v syst\u00e9me ATEX?<\/h2>\n\n<p>Jednotku merania ur\u010duje predov\u0161etk\u00fdm fyzik\u00e1lny stav l\u00e1tky. Po druh\u00e9, hodnoty koncentr\u00e1cie sa meraj\u00fa v laborat\u00f3riu za \u0161tandardizovan\u00fdch podmienok, t. j. pri teplote 25 \u00b0C a atmosf\u00e9rickom tlaku 1 bar. <\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Pre <strong>hor\u013eav\u00e9 plyny a pary<\/strong>: koncentr\u00e1cia sa vyjadruje ako percentu\u00e1lny podiel objemu hor\u013eav\u00e9ho produktu na objeme ATEX (%).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Pr\u00edklad: vod\u00edk. LEL: 4 %. UEL: 75 %.  <\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Pre <strong>hor\u013eav\u00e9 prachy<\/strong>: koncentr\u00e1cia sa vyjadruje ako hmotnos\u0165 hor\u013eav\u00e9ho produktu v objeme ATEX <sup>(g\/m3)<\/sup>.  <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Namiesto toho sa meria spodn\u00e1 hranica rozsahu v\u00fdbu\u0161nosti, zn\u00e1ma ako minim\u00e1lna koncentr\u00e1cia v\u00fdbu\u0161niny.<\/p>\n\n<p>Pr\u00edklad cukrov\u00e9ho prachu: LEL = CME: <sup>25 g\/m3<\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/domaines-explosivite-et-explosibilite-2.png\" alt=\"v&#xFD;bu&#x161;nos&#x165; a v&#xFD;bu&#x161;nos&#x165; 2\" class=\"wp-image-19298\" width=\"975\" height=\"150\" srcset=\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/domaines-explosivite-et-explosibilite-2.png 1300w, https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/domaines-explosivite-et-explosibilite-2-300x46.png 300w, https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/domaines-explosivite-et-explosibilite-2-1024x158.png 1024w, https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/domaines-explosivite-et-explosibilite-2-768x118.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 975px) 100vw, 975px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n<p>Konkr\u00e9tna hodnota rozsahu v\u00fdbu\u0161niny, <strong>stechiometrick\u00e1 koncentr\u00e1cia<\/strong> <sub>(Cst)<\/sub>, je jej optim\u00e1lna koncentr\u00e1cia vo vz\u0165ahu ku koncentr\u00e1cii oxida\u010dn\u00e9ho \u010dinidla (kysl\u00edka), ktor\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje \u00fapln\u00e9 sp\u00e1lenie oboch reaktantov. Pri tejto koncentr\u00e1cii je ATEX najv\u00fdbu\u0161nej\u0161\u00ed. <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Rozsah v\u00fdbu\u0161nosti a koncentr\u00e1cia kysl\u00edka<\/h2>\n\n<p><strong> Vznik ATEX <\/strong>je ur\u010den\u00fd vhodnou kombin\u00e1ciou <strong>pr\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdch koncentr\u00e1ci\u00ed paliva a oxida\u010dn\u00e9ho \u010dinidla <\/strong>(kysl\u00edka). Pri <a href=\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/sk\/nasa-rada\/mon-produit-peut-il-etre-responsable-dune-explosion-atex\/\">identifik\u00e1cii rizika ATEX<\/a> v\u0161ak zamestn\u00e1vate\u013e uprednost\u0148uje koncentr\u00e1ciu paliva. Je to preto, \u017ee dosiahnutie v\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00e9ho rozsahu vo v\u0161eobecnosti z\u00e1vis\u00ed od prev\u00e1dzkov\u00fdch podmienok. V tomto zmysle je pr\u00edzna\u010dnej\u0161ia pre riziko vzniku ATEX ako koncentr\u00e1cia kysl\u00edka. Je to preto, \u017ee v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina prev\u00e1dzkov\u00fdch procesov prebieha v<strong> okolitej atmosf\u00e9re<\/strong>, kde je oxida\u010dn\u00fdm \u010dinidlom kysl\u00edk s kon\u0161tantnou koncentr\u00e1ciou 21 %.    <\/p>\n\n<p><strong> Presn\u00e1 znalos\u0165 koncentr\u00e1cie kysl\u00edka<\/strong> je v\u0161ak u\u017eito\u010dn\u00e1 v ur\u010dit\u00fdch priemyseln\u00fdch situ\u00e1ci\u00e1ch. Napr\u00edklad, ke\u010f sa v prev\u00e1dzke pou\u017e\u00edva nieko\u013eko oxida\u010dn\u00fdch rozp\u00fa\u0161\u0165adiel, ktor\u00e9 uvo\u013e\u0148uj\u00fa pary a mie\u0161aj\u00fa sa so vzduchom. Alebo ke\u010f sa v procese pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa<strong> vysok\u00e9 koncentr\u00e1cie v\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00fdch l\u00e1tok<\/strong> v zariadeniach, ktor\u00e9 prep\u00fa\u0161\u0165aj\u00fa m\u00e1lo kysl\u00edka alebo ho nep\u00fa\u0161\u0165aj\u00fa v\u00f4bec.  <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Zmeny amplit\u00fady rozsahu v\u00fdbu\u0161nosti v priemyseln\u00fdch situ\u00e1ci\u00e1ch<\/h2>\n\n<p><strong>Rozsah v\u00fdbu\u0161nosti <\/strong>sa meria za \u0161tandardn\u00fdch podmienok teploty a tlaku, preto\u017ee tieto parametre sp\u00f4sobuj\u00fa jeho zmeny. Tieto laborat\u00f3rne podmienky zriedkavo zodpovedaj\u00fa prev\u00e1dzkov\u00fdm podmienkam. Ke\u010f<strong> sa teplota zv\u00fd\u0161i, rozsah v\u00fdbu\u0161nosti sa roz\u0161\u00edri<\/strong>. Riziko sa teda zvy\u0161uje, ak sa prev\u00e1dzka vykon\u00e1va pri <strong>teplot\u00e1ch vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch<\/strong>, ako je \u0161tandardizovan\u00e1 teplota. Podobne, ke\u010f tlak kles\u00e1 pod atmosf\u00e9rick\u00fd tlak, rozsah v\u00fdbu\u0161nosti sa zmen\u0161uje, a\u017e k\u00fdm nezanikne. Niektor\u00e9 v\u00e1kuov\u00e9 oper\u00e1cie vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa t\u00fato vlastnos\u0165 na zabr\u00e1nenie rizika v\u00fdbuchu. Na <strong>rozsah v\u00fdbu\u0161nosti <\/strong> maj\u00fa vplyv aj \u010fal\u0161ie faktory: granulometria l\u00e1tky (v pr\u00edpade prachov), vlhkos\u0165 at\u010f.      <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Zistite, ako mera\u0165 rozsah v\u00fdbu\u0161nosti a v\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00fdch l\u00e1tok, pri\u010dom zoh\u013eadnite r\u00f4zne parametre, ako je amplit\u00fada rozsahu v\u00fdbu\u0161nosti a jej v\u00fdvoj, mno\u017estvo v\u00fdbu\u0161nej l\u00e1tky a s\u00favislos\u0165 medzi rozsahom v\u00fdbu\u0161nosti a koncentr\u00e1ciou kysl\u00edka v priemysle.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":93215,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"none","_seopress_titles_title":"Ako meriate rozsah v\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00edn?","_seopress_titles_desc":"V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku sa dozviete viac o r\u00f4znych parametroch merania v\u00fdbu\u0161nej a nev\u00fdbu\u0161nej atmosf\u00e9ry v z\u00f3nach ATEX v priemysle.","_seopress_robots_index":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[141],"tags":[142],"class_list":["post-93222","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nasa-rada","tag-entete-male-sk","generate-columns","tablet-grid-50","mobile-grid-100","grid-parent","grid-50","no-featured-image-padding","resize-featured-image"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/93222","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=93222"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/93222\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":93230,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/93222\/revisions\/93230"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/93215"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=93222"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=93222"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=93222"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}