{"id":96752,"date":"2021-07-26T12:25:45","date_gmt":"2021-07-26T10:25:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/nase-rada\/gains-productivite-rafraichissement-air-par-evaporation\/"},"modified":"2025-05-06T13:41:06","modified_gmt":"2025-05-06T11:41:06","slug":"gains-productivite-rafraichissement-air-par-evaporation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/sk\/nasa-rada\/gains-productivite-rafraichissement-air-par-evaporation\/","title":{"rendered":"Zv\u00fd\u0161enie produktivity v\u010faka odparovaciemu chladeniu vzduchu"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Odparovacie chladenie<\/h2>\n\n

\u010ci u\u017e v d\u00f4sledku mimoriadne hor\u00facich dn\u00ed alebo v\u00fdrobn\u00fdch procesov, ktor\u00e9 generuj\u00fa teplo, sa priemyseln\u00e9 v\u00fdrobn\u00e9 zariadenia m\u00f4\u017eu v\u00fdnimo\u010dne r\u00fdchlo sta\u0165 ve\u013emi hor\u00facim prostred\u00edm. Okrem zjavn\u00fdch riz\u00edk a nepohodlia pre zamestnancov m\u00f4\u017ee neschopnos\u0165 riadi\u0165 a udr\u017eiava\u0165 teploty na prijate\u013enej \u00farovni v\u00fdrazne spomali\u0165 produktivitu. <\/p>\n\n

\n

Produkt\u00edvne pracovisko je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdm faktorom \u00faspechu t\u00fdchto zariaden\u00ed a bolo vykonan\u00fdch nieko\u013eko \u0161t\u00fadi\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 dokazuj\u00fa, do akej miery m\u00e1 nekontrolovan\u00e1 \u00farove\u0148 tepla rozhoduj\u00faci vplyv. <\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n

Napr\u00edklad v\u00fdskum produktivity, ktor\u00fd uskuto\u010dnila NASA, uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee s rast\u00facou teplotou exponenci\u00e1lne narast\u00e1 po\u010det ch\u00fdb a nedostatkov, \u010do vedie k pomal\u0161ej v\u00fdrobe, v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iemu po\u010dtu ch\u00fdb a zna\u010dn\u00fdm strat\u00e1m pr\u00edjmov. <\/p>\n\n

V nasleduj\u00facej tabu\u013eke s\u00fa zhrnut\u00e9 vz\u0165ahy zisten\u00e9 pri testoch NASA medzi teplotou, v\u00fdrobou a presnos\u0165ou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\t\n\t\n\t
Temp\u00e9rature effective<\/td>24\u00baC<\/td>26\u00baC<\/td>29\u00baC<\/td>32\u00baC<\/td>35\u00baC<\/td>38\u00baC<\/td>40\u00baC<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Perte de production<\/td>3%<\/td>8%<\/td>18%<\/td>29%<\/td>45%<\/td>62%<\/td>79%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Augmentation du taux d'erreur<\/td>0%<\/td>5%<\/td>40%<\/td>300%<\/td>700%<\/td>N\/A<\/td>N\/A<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n

Uveden\u00e9 \u00fadaje s\u00fa jasn\u00fdm d\u00f4kazom toho, ako zvy\u0161uj\u00faca sa \u00farove\u0148 tepla v pracovnom prostred\u00ed negat\u00edvne ovplyv\u0148uje celkov\u00fa produktivitu: so zvy\u0161uj\u00facou sa teplotou kles\u00e1 \u00farove\u0148 koncentr\u00e1cie, dostavuje sa \u00fanava, robia sa chyby a pracovn\u00edci produkuj\u00fa menej. V kone\u010dnom d\u00f4sledku to vedie k v\u00fdrazn\u00fdm strat\u00e1m pr\u00edjmov va\u0161ej firmy. <\/p>\n\n

Pre\u010do s\u00fa priemyseln\u00e9 v\u00fdrobn\u00e9 zariadenia tak\u00e9 citliv\u00e9 na teplo?<\/h2>\n\n

Ka\u017ed\u00e9 pracovisko mus\u00ed by\u0165 navrhnut\u00e9 tak, aby vytv\u00e1ralo bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 pracovn\u00e9 prostredie pre zamestnancov. Priemyseln\u00e9 v\u00fdrobn\u00e9 zariadenia v\u0161ak \u010delia jedine\u010dn\u00fdm v\u00fdzvam: <\/p>\n\n

Praktick\u00e9<\/h3>\n\n

Vo v\u00fdrobnom z\u00e1vode s vysok\u00fdmi stropmi a mostov\u00fdmi \u017eeriavmi je in\u0161tal\u00e1cia potrubn\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov, ako s\u00fa klimatiza\u010dn\u00e9 jednotky, n\u00e1kladn\u00e1 a m\u00f4\u017ee sa sta\u0165 prek\u00e1\u017ekou pri vn\u00fatornej manipul\u00e1cii. V mnoh\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch in\u0161tal\u00e1cia klimatiza\u010dn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu jednoducho nie je mo\u017en\u00e1 vzh\u013eadom na ve\u013ekos\u0165 budovy. <\/p>\n\n

Proces<\/h3>\n\n

V zariadeniach s tepelne n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fdmi v\u00fdrobn\u00fdmi procesmi, ako je v\u00fdroba ocele, zlievarne, v\u00fdroba automobilov, v\u00fdroba skla, teh\u00e1l a obklada\u010diek, pece v potravin\u00e1rskom priemysle, sa pece a pece pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa po\u010das cel\u00e9ho d\u0148a. Aj ke\u010f m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 l\u00e1kav\u00e9 investova\u0165 do priemyseln\u00fdch ventil\u00e1torov ako do relat\u00edvne lacn\u00e9ho rie\u0161enia, v t\u00fdchto extr\u00e9mnych prostrediach ventil\u00e1tory len premie\u0161aj\u00fa hor\u00faci vzduch v priestore bez toho, aby skuto\u010dne zn\u00ed\u017eili teplotu. <\/p>\n\n

Zmena kl\u00edmy<\/h3>\n\n

Po\u010det hor\u00facich dn\u00ed sa ka\u017edoro\u010dne zvy\u0161uje. Zmena kl\u00edmy sa st\u00e1va \u010doraz v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edm probl\u00e9mom, preto\u017ee teploty na celom svete st\u00fapaj\u00fa. So spr\u00eds\u0148uj\u00facimi sa predpismi je \u010doraz \u0165a\u017e\u0161ie zabezpe\u010di\u0165 bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 a pohodln\u00e9 pracovn\u00e9 podmienky pre zamestnancov. Tento probl\u00e9m je e\u0161te ak\u00fatnej\u0161\u00ed, ke\u010f ide o v\u00fdrobn\u00e9 a produk\u010dn\u00e9 zariadenia, preto\u017ee budovy s\u00fa spravidla ve\u013ek\u00e9, maj\u00fa vysok\u00e9 stropy a ve\u013emi \u010dasto s\u00fa otvoren\u00e9. Tieto konfigur\u00e1cie s\u0165a\u017euj\u00fa a predra\u017euj\u00fa ich chladenie pomocou tradi\u010dn\u00fdch klimatiza\u010dn\u00fdch rie\u0161en\u00ed. <\/p>\n\n

Pre\u010do si vybra\u0165 odparovacie chladenie?<\/h2>\n\n
\n
\n
\"Čerstvosť\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n

N\u00e1klady na in\u0161tal\u00e1ciu a prev\u00e1dzku mobiln\u00e9ho odparovacieho chladi\u010da<\/a> s\u00fa v\u00fdrazne ni\u017e\u0161ie ako n\u00e1klady na \u0161tandardn\u00fa klimatiz\u00e1ciu a s\u00fa praktick\u00e9 takmer v ka\u017edom type tepl\u00e9ho prostredia. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Odparovacie chladiace jednotky vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa prirodzen\u00fa silu odparovania na ochladzovanie vzduchu v priestore. Pri odparovan\u00ed vody sa spotreb\u00fava energia; t\u00e1to energia sa odober\u00e1 z pr\u00fadu vzduchu prech\u00e1dzaj\u00faceho jednotkou, \u010do vedie k poklesu teploty. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee \u010d\u00edm teplej\u0161\u00ed je vzduch v priestore, t\u00fdm viac vody sa m\u00f4\u017ee odparova\u0165 a t\u00fdm je syst\u00e9m \u00fa\u010dinnej\u0161\u00ed. In\u00fdmi slovami, z\u00edskate viac chladu, ke\u010f ho najviac potrebujete. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n

Ak\u00e9 s\u00fa hlavn\u00e9 sp\u00f4soby pou\u017eitia adiabatick\u00e9ho odparovacieho chladenia?<\/h2>\n\n

Adiabatick\u00e9 chladenie<\/a> sa vo v\u0161eobecnosti pou\u017e\u00edva v\u0161ade tam, kde nie je mo\u017en\u00e9 pou\u017ei\u0165 klimatiz\u00e1ciu, preto\u017ee jej in\u0161tal\u00e1cia je pr\u00edli\u0161 drah\u00e1 alebo nemo\u017en\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n