{"id":98096,"date":"2021-07-29T09:50:37","date_gmt":"2021-07-29T07:50:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/nase-rada\/vlep-filtration-de-poussiere-reglementation\/"},"modified":"2025-05-07T09:24:33","modified_gmt":"2025-05-07T07:24:33","slug":"vlep-filtration-de-poussiere-reglementation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/sk\/nasa-rada\/vlep-filtration-de-poussiere-reglementation\/","title":{"rendered":"Prachov\u00e1 filtr\u00e1cia a VLEP: aktualiz\u00e1cia predpisov"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Prach je \u010dastica<\/strong> men\u0161ia ako 100 mikr\u00f3nov. Limitn\u00e9 hodnoty expoz\u00edcie pri pr\u00e1ci<a href=\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/sk\/nasa-rada\/reglementation-vlep-evaluation-risque-chimique-lieu-de-travail\/\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/conseils\/reglementation-vlep-evaluation-risque-chimique-lieu-de-travail\/\">(predpisy OELV<\/a>) uv\u00e1dzaj\u00fa opatrenia, ktor\u00e9 sa maj\u00fa prija\u0165 v s\u00favislosti s prachom na pracovisku. Prach a VLEP ved\u00fa k zavedeniu <strong>kontroly <\/strong>kvality ovzdu\u0161ia. Na pomoc v\u00e1m INRS poskytuje inform\u00e1cie o prevencii a ochrane pred expoz\u00edciou prachu na pracovisku.     <\/p>\n\n<p>Chcete zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 svojej <strong>profesion\u00e1lnej \u010dinnosti <\/strong>a zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 zdravotn\u00e9 rizik\u00e1? M\u00f4\u017eeme v\u00e1m pom\u00f4c\u0165 t\u00fdm, \u017ee v\u00e1m poskytneme spo\u013eahliv\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie. <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Defin\u00edcia prachu a prevencia<\/h2>\n\n<p><strong>Prachy s\u00fa \u010dastice <\/strong>s kry\u0161talickou \u0161trukt\u00farou: prach m\u00e1 okr\u00fahly tvar, hranat\u00e9 kont\u00fary a abraz\u00edvny potenci\u00e1l. Do tejto kateg\u00f3rie nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdch l\u00e1tok patria v\u0161etky \u010dastice men\u0161ie ako 100 mikr\u00f3nov (0,1 mm, PM 1, PM 2,5 a PM 10). Ak je <strong>\u00farove\u0148 koncentr\u00e1cie <\/strong>PM 2,5 (ve\u013ekos\u0165 2,5 mikr\u00f3nu) vysok\u00e1,<strong>vystavenie pri pr\u00e1ci<\/strong> predstavuje riziko vzniku rakoviny.  <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Prach pri pr\u00e1ci: r\u00f4zne typy<\/h3>\n\n<p><strong>Zamestnanci <\/strong>vedia len m\u00e1lo o rizik\u00e1ch expoz\u00edcie pri pr\u00e1ci. Hodnotenie riz\u00edk, prevencia a ochrana pred nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdmi \u00fa\u010dinkami prachu na zdravie s\u00fa zodpovednos\u0165ou podnikov. Existuj\u00fa dva hlavn\u00e9 druhy <strong>prachu<\/strong>:  <\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>anorganick\u00e9 prachy (priemyseln\u00e9 prachy).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Sans-titre.jpg\" alt=\"Anorganick&#xFD; prach\" class=\"wp-image-14084\" width=\"275\" height=\"100\" srcset=\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Sans-titre.jpg 550w, https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Sans-titre-300x109.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 275px) 100vw, 275px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>organick\u00e9 prachy (textiln\u00e9 a potravin\u00e1rske podniky).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/textile.jpg\" alt=\"organick&#xFD; prach\" class=\"wp-image-14088\" width=\"275\" height=\"100\" srcset=\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/textile.jpg 550w, https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/textile-300x109.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 275px) 100vw, 275px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Najnebezpe\u010dnej\u0161ie prachy pre zdravie<\/h3>\n\n<p><strong>Prach men\u0161\u00ed ako 10 mikr\u00f3nov<\/strong> (PM10) sa dost\u00e1va do alveol\u00e1rnych buniek p\u013e\u00fac. Jemn\u00fd prach prech\u00e1dza priamo do krvn\u00e9ho obehu. Prach men\u0161\u00ed ako PM1 je najnebezpe\u010dnej\u0161\u00ed, predstavuje vysok\u00e9 riziko CMR, karcinog\u00e9nne a patog\u00e9nne riziko. Diagnostika kvality ovzdu\u0161ia na pracovisku je preto nevyhnutn\u00e1. \u010c\u00edm je prach jemnej\u0161\u00ed, t\u00fdm je jeho <strong>koncentr\u00e1cia vo vzduchu <\/strong>vy\u0161\u0161ia a t\u00fdm dlh\u0161ie zost\u00e1va v suspenzii (od 1 do 40 hod\u00edn).    <\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/4-fraction-poussieres.jpg\" alt=\"Organizmus - toxicita\" class=\"wp-image-1840\" width=\"375\" height=\"395\" srcset=\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/4-fraction-poussieres.jpg 500w, https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/4-fraction-poussieres-285x300.jpg 285w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 375px) 100vw, 375px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n<p>\u010c\u00edm je prach jemnej\u0161\u00ed, t\u00fdm dlh\u0161ie trv\u00e1, k\u00fdm sa usad\u00ed. Napr\u00edklad \u010dastice ve\u013ekosti \u013eudsk\u00e9ho vlasu (50 \u00b5m) sa usadzuj\u00fa r\u00fdchlo (pribli\u017ene 6 s na meter). Usadzuj\u00fa sa v bl\u00edzkosti emisnej z\u00f3ny alebo zost\u00e1vaj\u00fa v suspend\u00e1cii, ak je pohyb vzduchu dostato\u010dne siln\u00fd na to, aby zabr\u00e1nil ich usadzovaniu. Naopak, \u010dastice s ve\u013ekos\u0165ou 0,1 \u00b5m sa spr\u00e1vaj\u00fa podobne ako molekuly. Pohybuj\u00fa sa pod\u013ea Brownovho (n\u00e1hodn\u00e9ho) pohybu, a preto zost\u00e1vaj\u00fa v suspenzii a nemaj\u00fa merate\u013en\u00fa r\u00fdchlos\u0165 sediment\u00e1cie. Za 20 dn\u00ed klesn\u00fa o jeden meter bez toho, aby boli vyru\u0161en\u00e9. Je \u013eahk\u00e9 pochopi\u0165, \u017ee bez n\u00faten\u00e9ho pohybu (prevzdu\u0161\u0148ovanie, mechanick\u00e9 vetranie, centr\u00e1lne ods\u00e1vanie, \u010distenie vzduchu) sa tieto najjemnej\u0161ie a najnebezpe\u010dnej\u0161ie \u010dastice nikdy neusadia a zostan\u00fa v suspenzii.      <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Prach a VLEP: \u010do hovoria predpisy<\/h2>\n\n<p>Ako by sa mali <strong>prach a VLEP <\/strong>interpretova\u0165 na pracovisku? Zoberte do \u00favahy, \u017ee prach na pracovisku poch\u00e1dza z v\u00fdrobn\u00fdch procesov, pohybu strojov alebo manipul\u00e1cie s tovarom a v\u00fdrobkami. <strong>Mno\u017estvo prachov\u00fdch \u010dast\u00edc v suspenzii<\/strong> predstavuje zdravotn\u00e9 rizik\u00e1. Z\u00e1kon vytvoril <strong>klasifik\u00e1ciu prachov<\/strong> pod\u013ea \u00farovne prenikania do organizmu.   <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Respira\u010dn\u00e9 \u010dastice a pracovn\u00e9 prostredie<\/h3>\n\n<p>Pomer <strong>prachu a VLEP<\/strong> poskytuje r\u00f4zne v\u00fdsledky v z\u00e1vislosti od ve\u013ekosti prachu. Respira\u010dn\u00e9 \u010dastice s\u00fa \u010dastice s priemerom men\u0161\u00edm ako 4 mikr\u00f3ny. Ako sme videli, WHO zni\u017euje hrani\u010dn\u00fa hodnotu na 2,5 (PM 2,5) z d\u00f4vodu, \u017ee tieto <strong>\u010dastice s\u00fa najnebezpe\u010dnej\u0161ie<\/strong>. Trval\u00e9 monitorovanie na pracovisku je mo\u017en\u00e9<strong>in\u0161tal\u00e1ciou boxu<\/strong>, sondy alebo analyz\u00e1tora vzduchu.   <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Hrudn\u00fd prach a penetr\u00e1cia: ak\u00e9 s\u00fa hodnoty?<\/h3>\n\n<p>Horn\u00e9 d\u00fdchacie cesty filtruj\u00fa tento <strong>tzv. celkov\u00fd prach<\/strong>. Ich ve\u013ekos\u0165 nepresahuje 100 mikr\u00f3nov a ich <strong>hrudn\u00e1 frakcia <\/strong>je men\u0161ia ako 10 mikr\u00f3nov. Prenikaj\u00fa do p\u013e\u00fac, m\u00f4\u017eu dr\u00e1\u017edi\u0165 priedu\u0161ky a s\u00fa<strong> rizikom pre astmu<\/strong>.  <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Prach a VLEP: 8-hodinov\u00e1 limitn\u00e1 hodnota expoz\u00edcie<\/h2>\n\n<p><strong>Z\u00e1v\u00e4zn\u00e1 hodnota VLEP<\/strong> (pre azbest, drevo, oxid kremi\u010dit\u00fd a karcinog\u00e9nnu keramiku) je referen\u010dnou hodnotou pre ak\u00e9ko\u013evek odlo\u017een\u00e9 zdravotn\u00e9 riziko z<strong> expoz\u00edcie<\/strong>. Tieto n\u00e1stroje s\u00fa zameran\u00e9 na svet pr\u00e1ce a INRS ich vyu\u017e\u00edva na vypracovanie svojich pr\u00edru\u010diek o bezpe\u010dnosti a ochrane zdravia pri pr\u00e1ci. Za<strong> \u00faradn\u00fa kontrolu VLEP <\/strong>v podnikoch zodpoved\u00e1 COFRAC.  <\/p>\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Pre\u010d\u00edtajte si tie\u017e: \u010co je to <a href=\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/sk\/nasa-rada\/valeur-limite-exposition-professionnelle-ou-vlep\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"1999\">pracovn\u00fd expozi\u010dn\u00fd limit alebo OEL<\/a>?<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Limitn\u00e1 hodnota expoz\u00edcie pri pr\u00e1ci (OEL) 8 hod\u00edn<\/h3>\n\n<p>Franc\u00fazsky <strong>z\u00e1konn\u00edk pr\u00e1ce<\/strong> definuje \u00farove\u0148 8-hodinov\u00e9ho VLEP za norm\u00e1lnych teplotn\u00fdch podmienok.<strong> Priemern\u00e1 koncentr\u00e1cia<\/strong> celkov\u00e9ho prachu mus\u00ed by\u0165 ni\u017e\u0161ia ako prahov\u00e1 hodnota 10 mg\/m\u00b3 vzduchu. Priemern\u00e1 koncentr\u00e1cia <strong>respirabiln\u00e9ho prachu<\/strong> mus\u00ed zosta\u0165 pod hranicou 5 mg\/m\u00b3 vzduchu.  <\/p>\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Za pre\u010d\u00edtanie stoj\u00ed aj \u010dl\u00e1nok: <a href=\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/sk\/nasa-rada\/vlep-quels-risques-cas-de-non-respect-reglementation\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"1816\">Ak\u00e9 s\u00fa rizik\u00e1 nedodr\u017eiavania VLEP<\/a>?<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Prach a 8-hodinov\u00fd VLEP: nieko\u013eko pr\u00edkladov<\/h3>\n\n<p>Niektor\u00e9 <strong>\u010dastice<\/strong> maj\u00fa \u0161kodlivej\u0161ie <strong>\u00fa\u010dinky<\/strong> na zdravie. Meranie VLEP je pr\u00edsnej\u0161ie: drevn\u00fd prach 1 mg\/m\u00b3, prach oxidu kremi\u010dit\u00e9ho od 0,1 do 0,005 mg\/m\u00b3, \u013eanov\u00fd prach 0,2 mg\/m\u00b3, azbest 10 vl\u00e1kien\/cm\u00b3. Ak s\u00fa tieto hodnoty <strong>prekro\u010den\u00e9 <\/strong>, spolo\u010dnos\u0165 mus\u00ed prija\u0165 ochrann\u00e9 a prevent\u00edvne opatrenia.  <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">K dispoz\u00edcii s\u00fa rie\u0161enia na filtr\u00e1ciu a odstra\u0148ovanie prachu<\/h2>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Traitements-des-polluants-VLEP.jpg\" alt=\"spracovanie zne&#x10D;is&#x165;uj&#xFA;cich l&#xE1;tok vlep\" class=\"wp-image-14091\" width=\"500\" height=\"100\" srcset=\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Traitements-des-polluants-VLEP.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Traitements-des-polluants-VLEP-300x60.jpg 300w, https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Traitements-des-polluants-VLEP-768x154.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n<p>M\u00e1te <strong>probl\u00e9m s prachom <\/strong>v diel\u0148ach? Spolo\u010dnos\u0165 OBERA je u\u017e 20 rokov \u0161pecialistom na \u00fapravu vzduchu a odstra\u0148ovanie prachu. Chr\u00e1\u0148te svojich zamestnancov a svoju produktivitu, spo\u013eahnite sa na na\u0161e odborn\u00e9 znalosti. Vypl\u0148te na\u0161u <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/sk\/contact\/\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"124\">kontaktn\u00fd formul\u00e1r<\/a><\/strong> a z\u00edskate odpovede na svoje ot\u00e1zky.   <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Limitn\u00e9 hodnoty expoz\u00edcie pri pr\u00e1ci (nariadenia VLEP) uv\u00e1dzaj\u00fa opatrenia, ktor\u00e9 sa maj\u00fa prija\u0165 v s\u00favislosti s prachom na pracovisku. Na pomoc v\u00e1m INRS poskytuje inform\u00e1cie o prevencii a ochrane pred expoz\u00edciou prachu na pracovisku.   <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":85308,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"none","_seopress_titles_title":"Prachov\u00e1 filtr\u00e1cia a VLEP: podrobn\u00e9 predpisy","_seopress_titles_desc":"Z\u00edskajte viac inform\u00e1ci\u00ed o predpisoch t\u00fdkaj\u00facich sa filtr\u00e1cie prachu a ich VLEP. Spolo\u010dnos\u0165 Obera navrhuje zariadenia, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa schopn\u00e9 sp\u013a\u0148a\u0165 tieto VLEP. ","_seopress_robots_index":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[141],"tags":[142],"class_list":["post-98096","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nasa-rada","tag-entete-male-sk","generate-columns","tablet-grid-50","mobile-grid-100","grid-parent","grid-50","no-featured-image-padding","resize-featured-image"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/98096","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=98096"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/98096\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":98099,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/98096\/revisions\/98099"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/85308"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=98096"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=98096"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=98096"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}