Qoft\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb kantier nd\u00ebrtimi, n\u00eb p\u00ebrpunimin e drurit, n\u00eb nj\u00eb furr\u00eb buke, n\u00eb nj\u00eb punishte ose n\u00eb nj\u00eb magazin\u00eb logjistike, nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e pazakont\u00eb q\u00eb njer\u00ebzit q\u00eb bluajn\u00eb, shpojn\u00eb, mullisin ose bluajn\u00eb<\/strong> l\u00ebnd\u00ebt e para, fryjn\u00eb pluhurin me aj\u00ebr t\u00eb kompresuar, paketojn\u00eb, ruajn\u00eb, transportojn\u00eb ose p\u00ebrziejn\u00eb<\/strong> mallrat p\u00ebr t\u00eb \u00e7liruar pluhur. E nj\u00ebjta gj\u00eb vlen kur grisni dhe zbrazni qeset ose kur thani materialet e derdhura me nj\u00eb fshes\u00eb. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n Pluhuri \u00ebsht\u00eb e gjitha kjo. Grimcat m\u00eb t\u00eb im\u00ebta t\u00eb pezulluara n\u00eb aj\u00ebr quhen “pluhur”. Ato mund t\u00eb vijn\u00eb nga kudo: nga hap\u00ebsira, shp\u00ebrthimet vullkanike, zjarret, industria apo natyra. <\/p>\n\n Por pluhuri \u00ebsht\u00eb gjithashtu nj\u00eb substanc\u00eb e rrezikshme<\/strong> . Shpesh e harrojm\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb. Spektri i rreziqeve varion nga acarimi thjesht mekanik i traktit respirator deri te fillimi i proceseve inflamatore kronike dhe formimi i tumorit, n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet nj\u00eb efekti akut irritues ose toksik (p.sh. djegiet kimike). Organet m\u00eb t\u00eb prekura jan\u00eb bronket dhe mushk\u00ebrit\u00eb, por edhe mukozat e hund\u00ebs dhe t\u00eb syve, l\u00ebkura dhe organet e tjera n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb trupin. <\/p>\n\n N\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi, pluhuri kuptohet se n\u00ebnkupton nj\u00eb koleksion grimcash t\u00eb vogla, t\u00eb padukshme ose t\u00eb dukshme, q\u00eb gjenden n\u00eb aj\u00ebr. Madh\u00ebsia e grimcave t\u00eb pluhurit matet n\u00eb mikrometra (\u03bcm), dometh\u00ebn\u00eb t\u00eb miliontat e nj\u00eb metri. <\/p>\n\n Pluhuri \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb grimc\u00eb e ngurt\u00eb<\/strong> q\u00eb shp\u00ebrndahet shum\u00eb im\u00ebt n\u00eb aj\u00ebr. Ato prodhohen nga p\u00ebrpunimi mekanik i materialeve t\u00eb ngurta (p.sh. me bluarje ose trajtim sip\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsor) ose me pezullim (p.sh. duke fryr\u00eb me aj\u00ebr t\u00eb ngjeshur ose me fshirje t\u00eb that\u00eb me fshes\u00eb) dhe k\u00ebshtu p\u00ebrfundojn\u00eb n\u00eb ajrin q\u00eb thithim. Grimcat e ngurta t\u00eb formuara nga proceset kimike ose termike (p.sh. saldimi) dhe gjithashtu t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndara shum\u00eb im\u00ebt n\u00eb aj\u00ebr quhen tym. N\u00eb kuptimin e gjer\u00eb, ato jan\u00eb pjes\u00eb e pluhurit. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Sa m\u00eb i vog\u00ebl t\u00eb jet\u00eb pluhuri i im\u00ebt, aq m\u00eb i d\u00ebmsh\u00ebm<\/strong> \u00ebsht\u00eb ai p\u00ebr sh\u00ebndetin. P\u00ebr t\u00eb hyr\u00eb n\u00eb traktin respirator, grimcat duhet t\u00eb jen\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb vogla se dhjet\u00eb mikron. N\u00ebn 2.5 mikron, ato dep\u00ebrtojn\u00eb n\u00eb mushk\u00ebri. Grimcat ultrafine<\/strong> jan\u00eb pothuajse aq t\u00eb vogla sa proteinat, ato dep\u00ebrtojn\u00eb n\u00eb qelizat e trupit dhe prej andej n\u00eb gjak. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n N\u00eb industri dhe legjislacion dallohen disa lloje pluhuri, p\u00ebr shembull pluhuri E, A dhe U.<\/strong> Pluhurat A dhe U jan\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb zakonshmet n\u00eb industri. <\/p>\n\n Pluhuri i \u00e7imentos \u00ebsht\u00eb pjes\u00eb e ” fraksionit t\u00eb pluhurit t\u00eb thithsh\u00ebm<\/strong> “. Pluhuri E \u00ebsht\u00eb ai q\u00eb quhet “fraksioni i pluhurit t\u00eb thithsh\u00ebm”. K\u00ebto jan\u00eb grimca q\u00eb mund t\u00eb thithen p\u00ebrmes goj\u00ebs dhe hund\u00ebs. Shembujt m\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrmendur, p\u00ebrve\u00e7 polenit t\u00eb luleve, jan\u00eb pluhuri i \u00e7imentos ose r\u00ebra. Grimcat jan\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsisht m\u00eb t\u00eb vogla se 100 \u03bcm<\/strong> . 1 \u03bcm korrespondon me 1\/1,000,000 t\u00eb nj\u00eb metri. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n Tymrat e saldimit jan\u00eb pjes\u00eb e ” fraksionit t\u00eb pluhurit t\u00eb frym\u00ebmarrjes<\/strong> “. Pluhuri A \u00ebsht\u00eb ai q\u00eb quhet “fraksioni i frym\u00ebmarrjes i pluhurit”. K\u00ebto jan\u00eb grimca aq t\u00eb vogla sa mund t\u00eb dep\u00ebrtojn\u00eb n\u00eb alveolat e mushk\u00ebrive<\/strong> . K\u00ebto p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb shum\u00eb tymra (p.sh. tymi i saldimit<\/strong> ) dhe pluhur kuarci<\/strong> . K\u00ebto grimca jan\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb vogla se 5 \u00b5m<\/strong> , prandaj duksh\u00ebm m\u00eb t\u00eb vogla se grimcat e pluhurit E. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n Pluhuri U n\u00ebnkupton grimca shum\u00eb t\u00eb imta<\/strong> . Edhe grimcat m\u00eb t\u00eb imta klasifikohen si pluhur U – p\u00ebr grimcat ultra t\u00eb imta ose nanogrimcat. K\u00ebto grimca pluhuri jan\u00eb m\u00eb pak se 100 nanometra<\/strong> . 1 Nm korrespondon me 1\/1,000,000,000 t\u00eb nj\u00eb metri. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n P\u00ebr t\u00eb qen\u00eb t\u00eb plot\u00eb, nuk duhet t\u00eb harrojm\u00eb fibrat<\/strong> . K\u00ebto jan\u00eb nd\u00ebr shum\u00eb lloje t\u00eb tjera pluhuri q\u00eb formohen “spontanisht” n\u00eb natyr\u00eb ose prodhohen n\u00eb industri p\u00ebrmes p\u00ebrpunimit manual ose mekanik. <\/p>\n\n N\u00eb natyr\u00eb, ato prodhohen ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht nga erozioni ose bim\u00ebt e lul\u00ebzuara. Ato shp\u00ebrndahen n\u00eb aj\u00ebr nga era dhe p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb arsye jan\u00eb pjes\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebr\u00ebse e ajrit q\u00eb thithim vazhdimisht. <\/p>\n\n N\u00eb industri, nga ana tjet\u00ebr, po b\u00ebhen p\u00ebrpjekje p\u00ebr t\u00eb kapur pluhurin ose tymrat<\/strong> e prodhuar gjat\u00eb p\u00ebrpunimit t\u00eb pjes\u00ebve direkt n\u00eb burim, n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb pastrohet ajri<\/strong> dhe t\u00eb shmanget ndotja e m\u00ebtejshme e ajrit q\u00eb thithim. Kudo q\u00eb nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e mundur kapja e pluhurit drejtp\u00ebrdrejt p\u00ebr arsye teknike q\u00eb lidhen me procesin, ekziston mund\u00ebsia e instalimit t\u00eb atij q\u00eb quhet ventilim hap\u00ebsinor<\/strong> . <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n Nga pik\u00ebpamja sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsore, grimcat m\u00eb t\u00eb vogla se 10 ose 2.5 mikron<\/strong> jan\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishmet.<\/p>\n\n Fraksioni i thithsh\u00ebm<\/strong> \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb i rrezikshmi. Ai dep\u00ebrton n\u00eb alveolat pulmonare dhe depozitohet atje, aft\u00ebsia e shk\u00ebmbimit t\u00eb gazit t\u00eb mushk\u00ebrive d\u00ebmtohet dhe ndodh inflamacion. Thithja m\u00eb e dob\u00ebt e oksigjenit gjithashtu n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb indirekte ngarkon sistemin kardiovaskular. <\/p>\n\n Simptomat e helmimit me zink, t\u00eb njohura edhe si “ethet e tymit t\u00eb metalit”, p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb nj\u00eb shije t\u00eb \u00ebmb\u00ebl n\u00eb goj\u00eb, djersitje, t\u00eb dridhura dhe dhimbje n\u00eb gjymtyr\u00eb. Helmimi me zink shkaktohet nga thithja e tymrave<\/strong> t\u00eb prodhuar gjat\u00eb galvanizimit ose saldimit t\u00eb materialeve t\u00eb galvanizuara. <\/p>\n\n Kontakti me pluhurin mund t\u00eb b\u00ebhet burim s\u00ebmundjeje n\u00ebse:<\/p>\n\n\n\n Pasojat e mundshme p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb koll\u00ebn, shqet\u00ebsimin e frym\u00ebmarrjes, bronkitin, astm\u00ebn, acarimin e l\u00ebkur\u00ebs dhe syve.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n Prandaj, njer\u00ebzit e ekspozuar ndaj niveleve t\u00eb larta t\u00eb ndotjes s\u00eb grimcave t\u00eb imta<\/strong> jan\u00eb n\u00eb rrezik m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb p\u00ebr s\u00ebmundje kardiovaskulare, d\u00ebmtime serioze t\u00eb traktit respirator, d\u00ebmtim t\u00eb sistemit nervor, s\u00ebmundje serioze kronike t\u00eb mushk\u00ebrive, kancer t\u00eb mushk\u00ebrive, infarkt miokardi ose goditje n\u00eb tru dhe alergji. K\u00ebta faktor\u00eb rreziku ulin jet\u00ebgjat\u00ebsin\u00eb. <\/p>\n\n Varet se ku punoni dhe me \u00e7far\u00eb merreni. Nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb vet\u00ebm pluhuri toksik<\/strong> ose ultra i holl\u00eb<\/strong> q\u00eb mund t\u00eb shkaktoj\u00eb s\u00ebmundje t\u00eb frym\u00ebmarrjes n\u00eb rast ekspozimi t\u00eb lart\u00eb, por \u00e7do pluhur. <\/p>\n\n Efekti i d\u00ebmsh\u00ebm varet nga:<\/p>\n\n Thithja e<\/strong> sasive t\u00eb m\u00ebdha t\u00eb pluhurit p\u00ebr nj\u00eb periudh\u00eb t\u00eb shkurt\u00ebr kohore ose thithja e pluhurit me kalimin e viteve, edhe n\u00eb sasi t\u00eb vogla n\u00eb dit\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht e rrezikshme. Prandaj \u00ebsht\u00eb thelb\u00ebsore q\u00eb pluhuri t\u00eb pastrohet n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb efektive<\/strong> n\u00eb rrethana t\u00eb tilla. <\/p>\n\n OEL<\/strong> (vlera kufi e ekspozimit n\u00eb pun\u00eb) p\u00ebrcaktohet si p\u00ebrqendrimi maksimal i nj\u00eb ndot\u00ebsi n\u00eb aj\u00ebr n\u00eb vendin e pun\u00ebs. P\u00ebr m\u00eb shum\u00eb informacion, ju lutemi konsultoni artikullin ton\u00eb mbi filtrimin e pluhurit dhe vlerat kufitare t\u00eb ekspozimit n\u00eb pun\u00eb<\/a> . <\/p>\n\n N\u00eb sh\u00ebndetin<\/strong> dhe sigurin\u00eb n\u00eb pun\u00eb<\/strong> , rreziqet sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsore n\u00eb vendin e pun\u00ebs diferencohen sipas madh\u00ebsis\u00eb dhe form\u00ebs s\u00eb grimcave si dhe ve\u00e7orive t\u00eb tyre materiale. OEL<\/strong> p\u00ebrkufizohet si p\u00ebrqendrimi maksimal<\/strong> i nj\u00eb ndot\u00ebsi n\u00eb aj\u00ebr n\u00eb vendin e pun\u00ebs. Kjo vler\u00eb quhet edhe LEMT<\/strong> (Limiti i ekspozimit n\u00eb vendin e pun\u00ebs). Duke matur p\u00ebrqendrimin<\/strong> e grimcave t\u00eb pluhurit n\u00eb aj\u00ebr n\u00eb vendin e pun\u00ebs, \u00ebsht\u00eb e mundur t\u00eb kontrollohet n\u00ebse OEL \u00ebsht\u00eb respektuar. <\/p>\n\n Pajisjet mat\u00ebse<\/strong> t\u00eb pluhurit p\u00ebrdoren p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktuar n\u00ebse niveli i pluhurit n\u00eb vendin e pun\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb i toleruesh\u00ebm p\u00ebr sh\u00ebndetin. Pajisjet thithin automatikisht ajrin nga ambienti i pun\u00ebs dhe \u201canalizojn\u00eb\u201d pluhurin. Sasia e balancuar e pluhurit m\u00eb pas lejon q\u00eb t\u00eb llogaritet p\u00ebrqendrimi n\u00eb aj\u00ebr<\/strong> . <\/p>\n\n\n\n Matjet kryhen nga shoqata profesionale<\/strong> ose nga institute t\u00eb akredituara<\/strong> (ofruesit e sh\u00ebrbimeve). Ju lutemi mos hezitoni t\u00eb na kontaktoni n\u00eb lidhje me k\u00ebt\u00eb. P\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsuesit tan\u00eb t\u00eb shitjeve jan\u00eb plot\u00ebsisht t\u00eb kualifikuar p\u00ebr t\u00eb kryer k\u00ebt\u00eb lloj matjeje. <\/p>\n\n\n\n![\"pluhur](\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/poussiere-travail-du-bois.jpg\")
<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\u00c7far\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb sakt\u00ebsisht pluhuri?<\/h2>\n\n
Si formohet pluhuri?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Cili \u00ebsht\u00eb roli i madh\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb pluhurit t\u00eb im\u00ebt?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
![\"madhësive](\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/tailles-des-particules.png\")
<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\nLloji i pluhurit<\/h2>\n\n
Pluhuri E<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
![\"Klasa](\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/sans-titre-2022-12-05t153222.994.png\")
pluhuri A<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
![\"Klasa](\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/sans-titre-2022-12-05t153255.020.png\")
Pluhuri U<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
![\"Klasa](\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/sans-titre-2022-12-05t153521.714.png\")
Fibrat dhe pluhuri i fibrave<\/h2>\n\n
![\"fibër](\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/fibre-de-carbone.png\")
<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\nPse pluhuri \u00ebsht\u00eb i d\u00ebmsh\u00ebm?<\/h2>\n\n
NDIKIMI N\u00cb MJEDIS<\/h3>\n\n
\n
EFEKTET SH\u00cbNDETORE<\/h3>\n\n
\n
![\"rreziqet](\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/dangers-fumee-de-soudure-1024x535.png\")
<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\nKu \u00ebsht\u00eb rreziku dhe sa \u00ebsht\u00eb i rreziksh\u00ebm p\u00ebr punonj\u00ebsit?<\/h2>\n\n
\n
Pluhuri n\u00eb vendin e pun\u00ebs<\/h2>\n\n
Vlerat kufi t\u00eb ekspozimit n\u00eb pun\u00eb<\/h3>\n\n
Rreziqet p\u00ebr sh\u00ebndetin n\u00eb vendin e pun\u00ebs<\/h3>\n\n
Matja e ekspozimit ndaj pluhurit<\/h3>\n\n
![\"Numëruesi](\"https:\/\/obera.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/compteur-de-particules.png\")