{"id":52880,"date":"2024-01-02T15:14:02","date_gmt":"2024-01-02T13:14:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/conseils\/toz-giderme-islemi-ve-patlama-veya-yangin-riski\/"},"modified":"2025-04-15T10:21:17","modified_gmt":"2025-04-15T08:21:17","slug":"procede-depoussierage-risque-explosion-incendie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/tr\/bizim-tavsiyemiz\/procede-depoussierage-risque-explosion-incendie\/","title":{"rendered":"Toz giderme i\u015flemi ve patlama veya yang\u0131n riski"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Toz toplay\u0131c\u0131lar<\/strong>, \u00e7ok ince partik\u00fcllerin s\u00fcspansiyon halinde bulundu\u011fu end\u00fcstriyel proseslerde yang\u0131n ve patlama risklerini \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Ancak bu riskler genellikle yan\u0131c\u0131 tozu emen ve filtreleyen toz emme sistemine aktar\u0131l\u0131r. Bu nedenle \u00f6nleme ve koruma<\/strong> tedbirleri toz emme sistemine<\/strong> de uygulanmal\u0131d\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n

\"Patlama<\/figure>\n\n

Farkl\u0131 toz toplay\u0131c\u0131 tiplerinin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma prensipleri<\/h2>\n\n

Kuru toz toplay\u0131c\u0131lar (siklonlar, torba filtreler, torba veya kartu\u015f filtreler, elektrostatik \u00e7\u00f6kelticiler) ve \u0131slak toz<\/strong> toplay\u0131c\u0131lar aras\u0131nda bir ayr\u0131m yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n

Siklonlar<\/strong>, tozu onu ta\u015f\u0131yan havadan ay\u0131rmak i\u00e7in merkezka\u00e7 kuvveti kullan\u0131r<\/strong>. Yukar\u0131dan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya do\u011fru \u00f6nce silindirik sonra kesik koni \u015feklini al\u0131rlar. \u00dcst silindirin tepesinde, siklonun \u00e7evresine te\u011fet olan tozlu hava giri\u015fi bulunur. Gelen tozlu hava a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 inerken duvarlar\u0131n etraf\u0131nda d\u00f6ner ve yer\u00e7ekimi sayesinde daha iri par\u00e7ac\u0131klardan ayr\u0131l\u0131r. Daha sonra hava, siklonun merkezinden ge\u00e7erek \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131n bulundu\u011fu tepeye y\u00fckselir. Kaba toz koninin dibinde birikir ve bir ekstraksiyon cihaz\u0131<\/strong> (\u00e7ift klape, savak veya d\u00f6ner valf) arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla bo\u015falt\u0131l\u0131r<\/strong>. \u00c7\u0131k\u0131\u015fta, hava hala sadece bir torba veya kartu\u015f toz toplay\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u0131karabilece\u011fi en ince tozu i\u00e7erir. <\/p>\n\n

Torba, kartu\u015f veya cep filtreli toz toplay\u0131c\u0131, ev tipi bir elektrikli s\u00fcp\u00fcrge ile ayn\u0131 prensipte \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Her filtre torbas\u0131, cebi veya kartu\u015fu, y\u00fczeyindeki tozu durdurur ve tozsuz havan\u0131n ge\u00e7mesine izin verir. Bir toz toplay\u0131c\u0131 iki b\u00f6l\u00fcmden olu\u015fur: Bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm toz toplama cihaz\u0131ndan gelen tozlu havay\u0131 al\u0131r; filtre kovanlar\u0131 havan\u0131n ge\u00e7mesine izin verirken tozu tutar. Toz b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn alt\u0131ndaki bir hazne, filtre her t\u0131kand\u0131\u011f\u0131nda<\/strong> (\u00e7alkaland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda veya bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 hava ile \u00fcflendi\u011finde) a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kan ve man\u015fonlarda biriken tozu toplar. Hazne kapal\u0131 bir kaba veya bir d\u00f6ner valf arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla bo\u015falt\u0131l\u0131r. Di\u011fer k\u0131s\u0131mda, tozdan ar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f hava filtreden \u00e7\u0131kar ve daha sonra bir fan\u0131n hava ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ekti\u011fi, d\u0131\u015far\u0131 att\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya odaya yeniden verdi\u011fi bir kanala y\u00f6nlendirilir. <\/p>\n\n

Bir elektrostatik \u00e7\u00f6keltici<\/strong> (veya elektrofiltre), z\u0131t elektrik y\u00fck\u00fcne sahip iki eleman\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 \u00e7ekimiyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. End\u00fcstriyel toz toplay\u0131c\u0131<\/a>, hava ak\u0131m\u0131nda as\u0131l\u0131 duran tozu negatif olarak y\u00fckler. Bu, \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek voltajl\u0131 tellerden (anot) olu\u015fan bir a\u011fdan ge\u00e7irilerek yap\u0131l\u0131r. Daha sonra toz, kendisine yap\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 pozitif y\u00fckl\u00fc duvarlara (katot) \u00e7ekilerek hava ak\u0131m\u0131ndan ayr\u0131l\u0131r. Biriken toz daha sonra \u00e7eki\u00e7le vurularak veya suyla temizlenerek<\/strong> katotlardan uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Toz bir haznede toplan\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n

Islak bir toz toplay\u0131c\u0131, toz y\u00fckl\u00fc hava ak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 bir su s\u00fctunundan (fokurdama) veya damlayan su perdesinden veya ters ak\u0131ml\u0131 su spreyinden ge\u00e7irir. Toz su molek\u00fcllerine yap\u0131\u015f\u0131r ve havadan ayr\u0131l\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n

<\/p>\n\n

Toz emme tesisat\u0131nda yang\u0131n veya patlama riski<\/h2>\n\n

ATEX olu\u015fumu riski<\/h3>\n\n

Bir siklonda ATEX olu\u015fmas\u0131<\/strong> i\u00e7in hem hava ak\u0131m\u0131ndaki toz seviyesinin patlay\u0131c\u0131 aral\u0131\u011fa ula\u015fmas\u0131 hem de ince partik\u00fcllerin y\u00fczdesinin yeterli olmas\u0131 gerekir. Kaba partik\u00fcller alev \u00fczerinde so\u011futucu bir etkiye sahiptir ve \u00e7ok fazla olduklar\u0131nda alevin yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlerler. <\/p>\n\n

Kanal sisteminden ge\u00e7en toz y\u00fckl\u00fc hava ak\u0131m\u0131, torbal\u0131 g\u00f6vdenin g\u00f6vdesine kadar toz y\u00fckl\u00fc hava toplay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131na girer ve hava ak\u0131m\u0131ndaki toz konsantrasyonu patlay\u0131c\u0131 aral\u0131kta<\/strong> ise bir ATEX olu\u015fturabilir. Bu durumda, ATEX toz toplay\u0131c\u0131ya girecektir. <\/p>\n\n

\"Atex<\/figure>\n\n

Bir ATEX olu\u015fumu ge\u00e7ici olabilir. Prosese ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak, kanaldaki hava ak\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki toz seviyesi zaman i\u00e7inde de\u011fi\u015febilir. Bir cihaz\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda yan\u0131c\u0131 partik\u00fcllerin emisyon oran\u0131, \u00f6zellikle i\u015flem ba\u015flat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda veya durduruldu\u011funda, kesintili i\u015flemler s\u0131ras\u0131nda, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma a\u015famalar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda vb. sabit olmayabilir. Torbalar\u0131n veya kartu\u015flar\u0131n pn\u00f6matik temizli\u011fi<\/strong> genellikle bir ATEX olu\u015fturur, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc en ince partik\u00fcller temizlik s\u0131ras\u0131nda ve dahas\u0131 potansiyel olarak ekipman durduruldu\u011funda (d\u00f6ng\u00fc sonu temizli\u011fi) tekrar a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 bas\u0131nca maruz kal\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n

Metal partik\u00fcller (\u00f6zellikle al\u00fcminyum) i\u00e7eren havay\u0131 filtrelemek i\u00e7in \u0131slak bir toz toplay\u0131c\u0131 kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, su ve metal aras\u0131nda hidrojen \u00fcreten kimyasal bir reaksiyon riski vard\u0131r. Metalin yap\u0131s\u0131 reaksiyon kineti\u011fini etkiler ve toz toplay\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n normal \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda hidrojen emisyon oran\u0131 yetersizdir. Toz toplay\u0131c\u0131 kapat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, hidrojen kanopide birikerek bir ATEX riski olu\u015fturabilir. \u00d6te yandan, \u0131slak<\/strong> tozsuzla\u015ft\u0131rma genellikle ATEX a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan en g\u00fcvenli tozsuzla\u015ft\u0131rma t\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc ate\u015fleme kaynaklar\u0131 genellikle suyun etkisiyle s\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr. <\/p>\n\n

ATEX tutu\u015fma ve patlama riski<\/h3>\n\n

Kanal boyunca toz y\u00fckl\u00fc hava ak\u0131\u015f\u0131, duvara s\u00fcrt\u00fcn\u00fcrken tozun elektrostatik y\u00fcklenmesine maruz kal\u0131r. Bu olay toz toplay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n tozla kirlenmi\u015f k\u0131sm\u0131nda da mevcut olabilir. Boruda veya toz toplay\u0131c\u0131da elektrostatik bir bo\u015falma meydana gelebilir. A\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kan enerjinin 10mJ’den az oldu\u011fu tahmin edilmektedir. A\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kan enerji s\u00fcspansiyon halindeki tozun minimum tutu\u015fma enerjisini a\u015farsa, elektrostatik de\u015farj tutu\u015fma kayna\u011f\u0131 olacak<\/strong> ve kanalda veya bir torbal\u0131 deponun toz y\u00fckl\u00fc k\u0131sm\u0131nda ATEX patlamas\u0131na neden olacakt\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n

Elektrostatik \u00e7\u00f6keltici, anot ve katot aras\u0131ndaki potansiyel farka g\u00f6re \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Bu fark\u0131n yo\u011funlu\u011funun bir sonucu olarak, bir ATEX’in tutu\u015fma kayna\u011f\u0131 olan bir elektrik ark\u0131n\u0131n (ar\u0131za) olu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in elektrotlar aras\u0131ndaki mesafe ayarlanmal\u0131d\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n

Bir i\u015flem hem toz hem de parlayan par\u00e7ac\u0131klar yayabilir (\u00f6\u011f\u00fctme, frezeleme vb.). \u0130kincisi, tozlu k\u0131s\u0131mda veya bir toz toplay\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n filtre torbalar\u0131nda<\/strong> bulunan bir ATEX i\u00e7in ate\u015fleme kayna\u011f\u0131 olabilir. Bu durumda, genellikle \u0131slak bir tozsuzla\u015ft\u0131rma \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc veya k\u0131v\u0131lc\u0131m \u00f6n ay\u0131rma ve bir k\u0131v\u0131lc\u0131m alg\u0131lama ve s\u00f6nd\u00fcrme cihaz\u0131 ile kuru tozsuzla\u015ft\u0131rma tercih edilir. <\/p>\n\n

Yang\u0131n tehlikesi<\/h3>\n\n

Kaza deneyimleri,bir torbal\u0131 dep<\/strong> oda meydana gelen birpatlamay\u0131<\/strong> genellikle haznenin dibinde ve filtrede biriken tozda ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla filtrenin kendisinde \u00e7\u0131kan bir yang\u0131n\u0131n izledi\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir. <\/p>\n\n

Tozlu havan\u0131n filtrelenmesi tozun \u0131s\u0131nmas\u0131na neden olmaz. Bu nedenle, ortam s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yakalanan maddelerin <\/strong>kritik bir kendi kendine \u0131s\u0131nma hacmine sahip oldu\u011fu \u00f6zel durumlar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, filtreli toz toplay\u0131c\u0131larda kendi kendine \u0131s\u0131nma nedeniyle yang\u0131n riski yoktur. Filtrenin alt\u0131ndaki hacim bunu a\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, yang\u0131n riski belirgin hale gelir. <\/p>\n\n

Toz toplay\u0131c\u0131lar i\u00e7in ATEX risk \u00f6nleme ve koruma \u00f6nlemleri.<\/h2>\n\n

Toz toplay\u0131c\u0131 tipine g\u00f6re \u00f6nleyici tedbirler<\/h3>\n\n

Torbal\u0131 toz toplay\u0131c\u0131lar i\u00e7in yang\u0131n ve patlama<\/a> \u00f6nleme tedbiri, antistatik torbalar kullanarak elektrostatik de\u015farjlar\u0131 bast\u0131rmaktan ibarettir. Ancak kaza \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131, bu t\u00fcr bir filtrenin topraklanmas\u0131n\u0131n unutulmas\u0131n\u0131n, yayg\u0131n tozlar i\u00e7in minimum ate\u015fleme enerjisini a\u015fan elektrostatik bo\u015fal<\/strong> malara yol a\u00e7abilece\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir. Bu t\u00fcr bir ar\u0131za, antistatik olmayan k\u0131l\u0131flara sahip filtrelerden daha tehlikeli olacakt\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n

Torbal\u0131 bir tesis s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011funda, torbalar\u0131n a\u015f\u0131nmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, kancalar\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan veya delinmedi\u011finden emin olmak i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan d\u00fczenli kontroller ATEX \u00f6nleminin bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r. Torbalar\u0131n s\u0131zd\u0131rmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131<\/strong> kontrol etmek i\u00e7in giri\u015f\/\u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f bas\u0131n\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n kontrol edilmesi ve tozsuz b\u00f6lgeye bir opasimetre tak\u0131lmas\u0131 kullan\u0131labilir. <\/p>\n\n

Elektrostatik riskin bir tutu\u015fma kayna\u011f\u0131 olmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in, kanallar da dahil olmak \u00fczere torbahanenin metal par\u00e7alar\u0131 topraklanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 durum siklon i\u00e7in de ge\u00e7erlidir. Toz toplay\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7indeki elektrikli bile\u015fenler de ATEX y\u00f6netmeliklerine uygun olmal\u0131d\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n

Parlayan par\u00e7ac\u0131klara kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6nleyici tedbirlerden biri, ana toz toplay\u0131c\u0131dan \u00f6nce bir siklon, bir darbeli ay\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 veya bir k\u0131v\u0131lc\u0131m alg\u0131lama ve s\u00f6nd\u00fcrme<\/strong> cihaz\u0131 \u015feklinde bir toz \u00f6n ay\u0131r\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n kurulmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n

Elektrostatik \u00e7\u00f6keltici kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 durumunda, potansiyel fark ayar\u0131n\u0131n ve elektrotlar aras\u0131ndaki mesafenin d\u00fczenli olarak kontrol edilmesi elektrik arklar\u0131 riskini \u00f6nleyecektir.<\/p>\n\n

\"dustomat<\/figure>\n\n

Islak sesli toz toplay\u0131c\u0131larda ATEX patlamalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi <\/strong>\u015funlardan olu\u015fur: hidrojen birikimini \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in durduruldu\u011funda hacmin havaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, toz toplay\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n kanopisinde hidrojenin tespit edilmesi. Bu t\u00fcr bir toz toplay\u0131c\u0131, hidrojen varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 seyreltmek i\u00e7in d\u0131\u015far\u0131ya veya patlama riski i\u00e7in \u00f6zel olarak tasarlanm\u0131\u015f havaland\u0131rma ile donat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir odaya kurulmal\u0131d\u0131r. Islak toz toplay\u0131c\u0131y\u0131 dondurmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan \u0131s\u0131tma elemanlar\u0131nda yang\u0131n riski vard\u0131r. Bu \u0131s\u0131t\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n dald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 kontrol edilmelidir. <\/p>\n\n

<\/p>\n\n

Koruma \u00f6nlemleri<\/h3>\n\n

Koruma \u00f6nlemleri \u015funlarla ilgilidir <\/p>\n\n

    \n
  • Toz toplay\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n patlama delikleri ile donat\u0131lmas\u0131<\/strong>: ATEX’in i\u00e7 patlamas\u0131ndan kaynaklanan a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 bas\u0131n\u00e7 ba\u015flar ba\u015flamaz gazlar\u0131 ve a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 bas\u0131nc\u0131 tahliye etmek i\u00e7in a\u00e7\u0131lan toz toplay\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n duvar\u0131n\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Patlama bast\u0131r\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131<\/strong>: toz toplay\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7inde bir patlaman\u0131n ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tespit eden, bir s\u00f6nd\u00fcrme maddesi enjekte ederek patlaman\u0131n maksimum a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 bas\u0131nca ula\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nleyen ve toz toplay\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n duvarlar\u0131n\u0131 patlamaya kar\u015f\u0131 koruyan bir cihaz. <\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Toz toplay\u0131c\u0131daki bir patlaman\u0131n boru tesisat\u0131na yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in toz toplay\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n tesisat\u0131n geri kalan\u0131ndan ayr\u0131lmas\u0131<\/strong>. Bu, toz toplay\u0131c\u0131y\u0131 ba\u011flayan borulara bas\u0131n\u00e7 dalgas\u0131n\u0131n etkisi alt\u0131nda otomatik olarak kapanan bir vana (ATEX geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fs\u00fcz vana veya h\u0131zl\u0131 kapanan vana) tak\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7erir. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Toz toplay\u0131c\u0131lar, \u00e7ok ince partik\u00fcllerin s\u00fcspansiyon halinde bulundu\u011fu end\u00fcstriyel proseslerde yang\u0131n ve patlama risklerini \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Ancak bu riskler genellikle yan\u0131c\u0131 tozu emen ve filtreleyen toz emme sistemine aktar\u0131l\u0131r. Bu nedenle \u00f6nleme ve koruma tedbirleri toz emme sistemine de uygulanmal\u0131d\u0131r. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":81614,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"none","_seopress_titles_title":"Toz giderme i\u015flemi ve patlama veya yang\u0131n riski","_seopress_titles_desc":"Toz giderme i\u015flemi sayesinde patlama ve yang\u0131n riskini \u00f6nleyin. G\u00fcvenlik standartlar\u0131na ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma y\u00f6netmeliklerine uyun. ","_seopress_robots_index":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[299],"tags":[306],"class_list":["post-52880","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bizim-tavsiyemiz","tag-entete-small-tr","generate-columns","tablet-grid-50","mobile-grid-100","grid-parent","grid-50","no-featured-image-padding","resize-featured-image"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/52880","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=52880"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/52880\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":82162,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/52880\/revisions\/82162"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/81614"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=52880"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=52880"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=52880"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}