{"id":90211,"date":"2023-03-21T17:03:53","date_gmt":"2023-03-21T15:03:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/conseils\/comment-utiliser-la-lie-la-lse-le-domaine-dexplosivite-dune-substance-explosive\/"},"modified":"2025-04-25T10:15:19","modified_gmt":"2025-04-25T08:15:19","slug":"comment-utiliser-la-lie-la-lse-le-domaine-dexplosivite-dune-substance-explosive","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/tr\/bizim-tavsiyemiz\/comment-utiliser-la-lie-la-lse-le-domaine-dexplosivite-dune-substance-explosive\/","title":{"rendered":"Patlay\u0131c\u0131 bir maddenin LEL, UEL ve patlay\u0131c\u0131 aral\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l kullan\u0131rs\u0131n\u0131z?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

G\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz gibi, LEL ve UEL patlay\u0131c\u0131 bir maddenin atmosferdeki t\u00fcm patlay\u0131c\u0131 konsantrasyonlar\u0131ndan olu\u015fan patlay\u0131c\u0131 aral\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131<\/strong> s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131r. Riski de\u011ferlendirmek i\u00e7in, i\u015fveren patlay\u0131c\u0131 maddenin konsantrasyonunu kullan\u0131lan miktara g\u00f6re de\u011ferlendirecek ve bunu patlay\u0131c\u0131 limitleriyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131racakt\u0131r. \u00d6nleyici bir tedbir olarak, kendisine bir g\u00fcvenlik marj\u0131 b\u0131rakacak, ard\u0131ndan konsantrasyonu bir ATEX emme \/ filtreleme sistemi kullanarak<\/strong> en az\u0131ndan g\u00fcvenlik konsantrasyonuna kadar seyreltecektir. <\/p>\n\n

LEL, ATEX olu\u015fma riskini kullan\u0131lan \u00fcr\u00fcn miktar\u0131yla ili\u015fkilendirmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/h2>\n\n

Alt Patlay\u0131c\u0131 S\u0131n\u0131r\u0131<\/strong>, ATEX olu\u015fturabilecek patlay\u0131c\u0131 madde konsantrasyonlar\u0131 ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Bu konsantrasyonlar patlay\u0131c\u0131 maddelerin emisyon oran\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Bu da incelenen operasyonel durumda mevcut olan \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin miktar\u0131ndan kaynaklan\u0131r. \u0130\u015fveren, \u00e7e\u015fitli ATEX olu\u015fum senaryolar\u0131 i\u00e7in<\/strong> bu konsantrasyonlar\u0131<\/strong> tahmin edecektir. <\/p>\n\n

\"alt<\/figure>\n\n

Teorik bir \u00f6rnek: bir borudan gaz s\u0131z\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7eren bir ATEX<\/a> senaryosu. Borudaki ak\u0131\u015f h\u0131z\u0131, yan\u0131c\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00e7evredeki atmosfere emisyon h\u0131z\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Bu, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma alan\u0131ndaki konsantrasyon gradyanlar\u0131n\u0131n hesaplanmas\u0131yla sonu\u00e7lan\u0131r. Konsantrasyon de\u011ferleri patlay\u0131c\u0131 aral\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re<\/strong> yerle\u015ftirilir. ATEX riskinin derecesi \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131r. Bu riskin kal\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma alan\u0131ndaki konuma ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak de\u011ferlendirilir. Daha sonra ATEX b\u00f6lgeleri belirlenir. Son olarak,yan\u0131c\u0131 gaz\u0131n filtreli ekstraksiyonu<\/strong> gibi \u00f6nleyici tedbirler uygulan\u0131r. Emme oran\u0131, yan\u0131c\u0131 gaz\u0131n potansiyel s\u0131z\u0131nt\u0131 oran\u0131n\u0131 dikkate al\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n

Ger\u00e7ek hayattan bir \u00f6rnek: 2011 y\u0131l\u0131nda Nogent sur Seine’de %95 oran\u0131nda dolu 1.000m3′<\/sup> l\u00fck bir ka\u011f\u0131t tank\u0131 patlad\u0131 ve bir ki\u015fi \u00f6ld\u00fc. Ka\u011f\u0131t hamuru tank\u0131n i\u00e7inde atmosfere hidrojen yaym\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Birim kuru k\u00fctle ba\u015f\u0131na emisyon oran\u0131 saatte 20 dm3<\/sup> idi (ka\u011f\u0131t hamuru kurulu\u011fu %10). Bu oranda, LEL de\u011ferine 1,6 saat sonra ula\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hidrojentank\u0131n i\u00e7indeki atmosferle<\/strong> kar\u0131\u015farakbir ATEX olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur<\/strong>. Bu patlaman\u0131n ard\u0131ndan i\u015fveren, tank\u0131n \u00fcst k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7arak<\/strong> atmosferdeki hidrojeni a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kar \u00e7\u0131kmaz seyreltmek i\u00e7in tanklar\u0131 dikey havaland\u0131rma ile donatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n

Patlay\u0131c\u0131 aral\u0131\u011f\u0131, LEL ve UEL, ATEX’in olu\u015fumu ve \u00fcr\u00fcnle ili\u015fkili patlama riskinin kapsam\u0131 hakk\u0131nda bilgi sa\u011flar.<\/h2>\n\n

LEL ve UEL, patlay\u0131c\u0131aral\u0131\u011f\u0131n genli\u011fini<\/strong> ve alt ve \u00fcst patlay\u0131c\u0131 aral\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 (patlay\u0131c\u0131 bir maddenin patlay\u0131c\u0131 olmayan konsantrasyonlar\u0131n\u0131n aral\u0131klar\u0131) belirtir. Sonu\u00e7 olarak, hem ATEX’in tutu\u015fma ve patlama olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 hem de ATEX olu\u015fumu olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 hakk\u0131nda bilgi sa\u011flarlar. <\/p>\n\n

Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, patlay\u0131c\u0131 aral\u0131\u011f\u0131 ne kadar geni\u015fse<\/strong>, patlay\u0131c\u0131 olmayan konsantrasyon aral\u0131\u011f\u0131 o kadar dard\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, patlay\u0131c\u0131 bir maddenin emisyonunun patlay\u0131c\u0131 aral\u0131kta<\/strong> bir konsantrasyon \u00fcretmesi daha olas\u0131d\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n

Ayr\u0131ca, patlay\u0131c\u0131 konsantrasyon aral\u0131\u011f\u0131 artt\u0131k\u00e7a<\/strong> patlama olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 da artmaktad\u0131r<\/strong>. (Patlama riski olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n atmosfer ve end\u00fcstriyel ortamla ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 di\u011fer fakt\u00f6rlere ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011funu unutmay\u0131n). \u00d6nerilen \u00f6nleyici tedbir <\/strong>filtrasyon emi\u015fi oldu\u011funda,ATEX <\/strong>emi\u015f ak\u0131\u015f h\u0131z\u0131 k\u0131smen bu atmosferdeki patlay\u0131c\u0131 madde konsantrasyonuna ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r (Patlay\u0131c\u0131 madde konsantrasyonunun b\u00f6lgenin g\u00fcvenli\u011fini sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in gereken emi\u015f ak\u0131\u015f h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 belirleyen tek fakt\u00f6r olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 unutmay\u0131n). <\/p>\n\n

\"uygulama<\/figure>\n\n

\u00d6rne\u011fin, hidrojenin patlama aral\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/strong> y\u00fczde 71 puan (havada hacimce %4 ila %75) iken propan\u0131nki y\u00fczde 7,8 puand\u0131r (havada hacimce %2,2 ila %10); bu yakla\u015f\u0131k 10 kat daha azd\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla hidrojenle patlay\u0131c\u0131 durumlarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmak i\u00e7in daha fazla f\u0131rsat vard\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n

ATEX riskini azaltmak i\u00e7in ATEX’ i emme yoluyla seyreltmek<\/strong> i\u00e7in ge\u00e7en s\u00fcre, maddenin patlay\u0131c\u0131 konsantrasyonu pat <\/strong>lay\u0131c\u0131 aral\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcst s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131na yakla\u015ft\u0131k\u00e7a <\/strong>daha uzun olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n

Ayr\u0131ca, patlay\u0131c\u0131 aral\u0131\u011f\u0131n ayn\u0131 genli\u011fi<\/strong> i\u00e7in, LEL ne kadar d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckse (veya oksijeni t\u00fckenmi\u015f bir atmosfer durumunda UEL ne kadar y\u00fcksekse), alt (veya \u00fcst) patlay\u0131c\u0131 aral\u0131k o kadar k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckt\u00fcr. Sonu\u00e7 olarak, patlay\u0131c\u0131 olmayan bir konsantrasyondan<\/strong> patlay\u0131c\u0131 bir konsantrasyona ge\u00e7i\u015f<\/strong> o kadar h\u0131zl\u0131 olur. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, LEL ne kadar d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckse, ATEX olu\u015fma riski de o kadar y\u00fcksektir. <\/p>\n\n

\"uygulama<\/figure>\n\n

\u00d6rne\u011fin, ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7taki durum yan\u0131c\u0131 madde i\u00e7ermeyen<\/strong> bir atmosfer<\/strong> ise, propan (LEL = %2,2) hidrojene (LEL = %4,4) g\u00f6re daha y\u00fcksek ATEX olu\u015fumu riski ta\u015f\u0131r. Ancak tutu\u015fma ve patlama riski daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n

\u00c7o\u011fu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fulunda, konsantrasyonu LEL de\u011ferinin alt\u0131nda<\/strong> tutmak daha kolayd\u0131r. Bunu sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in yan\u0131c\u0131 maddelerin emilmesi\/filtrelenmesi ola\u011fan \u00f6nleyici tedbirdir. LEL ne kadar d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckse, patlay\u0131c\u0131 aral\u0131ktan \u00e7\u0131kmak veya madde atmosferden at\u0131lana kadar patlay\u0131c\u0131 konsantrasyonlar\u0131<\/strong> azaltmak i\u00e7in emme oran\u0131 o kadar y\u00fcksek olmal\u0131d\u0131r<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n

Baz\u0131 end\u00fcstriyel prosesler patlay\u0131c\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn LSE’nin \u00fczerinde bir konsantrasyonda<\/strong> tutulmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, kapal\u0131 bir atmosferde yan\u0131c\u0131 bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fcye dald\u0131rmay\u0131 i\u00e7eren temizleme i\u015flemleri. <\/p>\n\n

Patlay\u0131c\u0131 aral\u0131\u011f\u0131, ATEX olu\u015fumunu \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in bir g\u00fcvenlik marj\u0131 sa\u011flamak amac\u0131yla kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/h2>\n\n

ATEX olu\u015fumunu<\/strong> \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in, gaz veya buhar konsantrasyonu patlay\u0131c\u0131 aral\u0131\u011f\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda tutulmal\u0131d\u0131r. Ortam ko\u015fullar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak, patlay\u0131c\u0131 bir atmosfer yan\u0131c\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcnler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan<\/strong> az ya da \u00e7ok homojen<\/strong> olacakt\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, t\u00fcrb\u00fclans\u0131n bir sonucu olarak, ATEX b\u00f6lgesinin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen belirli b\u00f6lgeler patlay\u0131c\u0131 bir konsantrasyon kazanabilir. <\/p>\n\n

Bu nedenle, ATEX riskini \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in, i\u015fveren patlay\u0131c\u0131 e\u015fik de\u011ferleri ile ilgili bir g\u00fcvenlik marj\u0131<\/strong> alacakt\u0131r. Bu konuda ATEX y\u00f6netmelikleri, ATEX’in olu\u015fabilece\u011fi i\u015fyerlerinde konsantrasyonun LEL’in en az %10 alt\u0131nda olmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nermektedir. Ve di\u011fer tesislerde %25’in alt\u0131nda. [i]<\/a><\/p>\n\n

\n\n

[i]<\/a> \u0130\u015fyerlerinin havaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve sanitasyonu ile ilgili 7\/12\/1984 tarih ve 84-1093 ve 84-1094say\u0131l\u0131 <\/sup>kararnamelerin teknik yorumuna ili\u015fkin 09\/05\/85 tarihli Genelge<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

G\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz gibi, LEL ve UEL patlay\u0131c\u0131 bir maddenin atmosferdeki t\u00fcm patlay\u0131c\u0131 konsantrasyonlar\u0131ndan olu\u015fan patlay\u0131c\u0131 aral\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131r. Riski de\u011ferlendirmek i\u00e7in, i\u015fveren patlay\u0131c\u0131 maddenin konsantrasyonunu kullan\u0131lan miktara g\u00f6re de\u011ferlendirecek ve bunu patlay\u0131c\u0131 limitleriyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131racakt\u0131r. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":90184,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"none","_seopress_titles_title":"Nas\u0131l kullan\u0131l\u0131r : LEL, UEL, patlay\u0131c\u0131 madde aral\u0131\u011f\u0131","_seopress_titles_desc":"Alt Patlay\u0131c\u0131 Limit, \u00dcst Patlay\u0131c\u0131 Limit ve patlay\u0131c\u0131 bir maddenin patlay\u0131c\u0131 aral\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131mlar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda daha fazla bilgi edinin.","_seopress_robots_index":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[299],"tags":[306],"class_list":["post-90211","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bizim-tavsiyemiz","tag-entete-small-tr","generate-columns","tablet-grid-50","mobile-grid-100","grid-parent","grid-50","no-featured-image-padding","resize-featured-image"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/90211","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=90211"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/90211\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":90231,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/90211\/revisions\/90231"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/90184"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=90211"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=90211"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/obera.fr\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=90211"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}